IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


4rj 


.-i^"* 


.* 


V 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


If  1^  1^ 

■36      |3^       mil  /)  n 

^   US,    12.0 


1.8 


1.4    IIIIII.6 


f,' 


Photographic 

Sdences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(7Tb)  872-4503 


L. 


.<9 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


/* 


^^    Coloured  covers/ 
'V^^  Couverture  de  couleur 


Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagde 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 


iy'     uovers  resxorea  ana/ or  laminaiea/ 
Jr\\    Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pelliculde 

□    Cover  title  missing/ 
Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


D 
D 
D 
D 
D 


D 


Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli^  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'on^bre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout^es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsqne  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  film^es. 


rri    Additional  comments:/ 

Li\J    Commentaires  suppl6mentaires 


M  i^i<^ 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-3tre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquds  ci-dessous. 


D 
D 
D 
D 
0 


D 

D 


'^t4^kg>^ 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqud  ci-dessous. 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag6es 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  peliiculdes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d6color6es,  tachetdes  ou  piqu^es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 


I      I    Showthrough/ 


Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Qualit^  in^gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materia 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 


I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I    Includes  supplementary  material/ 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6X6  film6es  d  nouveau  de  fa^on  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

IBM 

K 

12X 

16X 

20X 

# 

2J7 

28X 

32X 

/ 

I 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  Illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  Illustrated  Impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  Illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  In  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  filmd  fut  reproduit  grdce  d  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet^  de  l'exemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  cont.  at  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimde  sont  film^s  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmds  en  commenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernldre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernldre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film^s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  11  est  fllm6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  drolte, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
lllustrent  la  mdthode. 


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Till'  HATTIJ:-HATTLIi  (;Kor\l)-\'lSITORS'  GUIDE 


Willi    MAI'S 


BY 


E  L  L  E  N    II  A  R  1 )  I  N    W  A  L  \V  ( )  R  T  H 


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PUBLISHED   BV    THE  AMERICAN  NEWS  COMPANY 


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NEW  YORK  CITY 


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PRICE 


CF.NTS. 


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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 


Wlule  ronM.ltin^autl.oritics  and  ..Mainin^  malcrial  for  the  hist.mral 
part  of  thi.  little  wurk,  1  found  nn.clf  under  many  ,.lcasant  obli..t>ons 
,.,  various  knulncsscs.  1  a.n  .ndcbtc-d  to  Mrs.  Allen  for  the  use  of 
,.,,,ers,  maps  and  hooks  of  her  hushan.l.  .he  late  R.  1,.  Mien,  M-  1  >-,  -'I 
Sarato.ni  Sprin,.;  to  N.  !!.  Sylvester,  i^s.!..  for  suggestions  and  .nota- 
tions taken  from  his  hook,  "  Northern  New  Nork  and  the  Adirondack 
Wilderness;-  to  Mr.  lohn  Austin  Stevens,  tor  valuable  adviee  a.d  ass.st- 
an.candto  i.r.  K.  n.OVallaghan:   tn  Mr.  .\rthur   nott,  of  Albany,  tor 

„u.  use  of  his  unpublished  i^aper,  -  The  lless.ans  in  .\meriea;"  to  Mr.  W  . 
,  Stonejor  his  translation  of  Madame  Reidesebs  mernon.:  and  ,o  my 
a,„.h,er.  l.:ilen  H.  Walworth,  lor  the  skill  and  accuracy  «i.h  whuh  she 
has  perfected  n,y  crude  <lesigns  lor  the  n.ilitary  n,ap  of  the  Tlurd  IVrunl 
of    nurgovne-s  campaign,  and   the   map  of    l.r,ve.  m  the  vunuty  o,  Sara- 


toga  Sijrings. 


E.  H.  W. 


» 


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SARATOGA 


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)     TIII^:  RATTLE-BATTLU:  GROUND-VISITORS'  GUIDH 


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BY 


ELLEN    HARDIN    WALWORTH 


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PUBLISHED  BY  THE  AMERICAN  NEWS  COMPANY 


NEW  YORK  CITY 


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G'/.v/7>///,  1S77,  /;!■  A/VV.v  J/,ir,//n  ir.ihcorfh. 


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nil-    BATTLE   OF    SARATOGA 


lil'Ki.DVNK     AND     Till-;     N  <)  R  T  U  l.  K  N     (AMI'AU,  N,     1777 

liY 
ELLKN   HARDIN  WALWORTH 


J^i-/>riiitt</ front  tlie  ,\faj;azi)U'  of  Aiwriian  J N story  for  May 

TME  Campaign  of  Biirgoync,  with  its  attendant  circumstances,  has 
had  so  nnicli  liLjlit  thrown  upon  it  by  skillful  writers  that  its 
review  at  the  present  time  may  seem  unnecessary — even  pre- 
sumptuous. Yet,  as  artists  of  greater  or  less  capacity  are  encouraged 
to  repeat  a  theme,  made  familiar  by  the  works  of  gieat  masters,  so,  per- 
haps, may  be  justified  this  attempt  to  portray  again  the  great  historical 
drama  that  opened  so  exultingly  in  June,  1777,  near  the  banks  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  river,  and  terminated  amid  so  many  tragic  elements  in  Octo- 
ber of  the  same  year,  on  the  banks  of  the  Hudson. 

Few  important  events  have  occurred  in  the  history  of  the  world, 
which,  in  unity  of  purpose  and  culminating  interest,  are  more  intensely 
dramatic  ;  and  few  have  occupied  so  vast  a  theatre.  For  its  northern 
boundary  we  must  enter  Canada  at  the  Three  Rivers,  where  the  British 
and  German  Avinter  encampment  was  deserted  ;  on  the  west  we  find  the 
famous  carrying  place  of  the  Indians  between  the  head  waters  of  the 
Oswego  and  the  Mohawk,  where  stood  Fort  Stanwix,  an  important 
point  in  the  action ;  on  the  east  were  the  Hampshire  Grants,  just  mould- 
ing themselves  into  an  organized  government,  where  the  British  met 
their  first  repulse;  and  toward  the  south,  in  the  Jerseys,  those  momentous 
manoeuvres  took  place  that  formed  a  huge  side-play  to  the  stirring 
events  further  northward ;  the  main  armies  there  were  but  holding  each 
other  in  check,  while  the  over-confident  English  forces  from  Canada 
poured  through  that  unhinged  gateway  of  fche  north,  Ticonderoga,  and 
swept  on  southward  to  meet  their  final  fate  in  the  picturesque  region  of 
Old  Saratoga. 

We,  of  the  present  time,  can  easily  picture  to  ourselves  the  magnifi- 
cent stage  on  which  these  events  took  place ;  we,  who  so  often  traverse 
this  region  by  land  and  water;  passing  through  the  lovely  valley  of  the 


BATTI.F   OK  SARATOr.A 


Mohawk  In.m  Albany  to  Lake  Ontario;  thence  skirtnig  the  great  north- 
crn  wilderness,  as  we  sweep  around  it  l)y  watn  into  the  borders  of  Can- 
ada and  from  there  returning  tl.n.u-h  the  grand  river-like  Lake  C  hani- 
plai'n  to  Whitehall,  the  old   Skenesbon.uKh.     A-ain   we  pass  over  lair 
hills  and  bv  the  historic    \V<.od  Creek   to   Fort   l-dward,  an.l  thence- by 
romantic  carriage  rides,  or  on  the  lazy  canal,  to  the  mouths  ot  the  Mo- 
hawk, and  to  Albany  again.    Hence.resting  on  the  tranciud  waters  o   the 
brriad  1  ludson,  our  sumptuous  boat  is  soon  borne  onward  past  the  1  Iigh- 
lands,  past  the  hre-ravaged  town  of  Kingston;  and  lower  down,  where 
we  look  for  the  sites  of  Forts  Montgomery  and  Clinton,  and  where  Put- 
nam stood  guard  at  I'eekskiU.     We  arc-  stirre.l  bv  memories  of  the  anxie- 
ties   the   hopes,  the  fluctuations  of  despair  and  joy   that  swayed   our 
countrymen  of  that  time;  and  we  are  not  unmindful  of  the  agony  of 
longing  with  which  the  ambitious  Burgoyne  listened   for  one  sound  of 
victory,  or  of  hearty  cooperation  from  this  region,  while  he  clung  to  his 
last  foothold   before  the  victorious  army  of  the  Patriots.     Landing  at 
New  York,  our  imagination  still  filled  with  these  visions  of  the  past,  we 
naturally  turn  to  the  western  shores  of  the  bay ;  there  the  names  that 
float  so  vaguely  in  our  minds— Morristown,  Middlebrook,  Quibbletown, 
and  Brunswick -seem  suddenly  vivified,  and  resolve  themselves  into  a 
hiero-h  phic  that  reads:  "  Remember  Washington!  "     It  was  his  grasp 
of  lanrc  events,  his  steadfastness  of  purpose,  and  his  firm  directing  rein, 
that  brought  into  harmony  and   effect    the  conflicting  and   seemingly 
inefficient  forces  that  made  the  closing  scene  of  this  spectacle  a  triumph 
that  astonished  the  world. 

The  inuxM-tance  of  this  triumph   upon  the  fortunes  of  the  American 
struggle  for  Independence  is  undisputed.     The   Battle  of   Saratoga  is 
declared  upon  high  authority  to  be  one  of  the  fifteen  decisive  battles  of 
the  world.     The  reactionary  feeling  it  called  forth  in  the  Colonies,  after 
the  disasters  and  anxieties  of  the  campaign  of  the  previous  year  in  Can- 
ada strengthened  public  sentiment  in  favor  of  the  patriotic  cause,  and 
filled  the  depleted  ranks  of  the  army.     It  led  directly  to  the  indispensa- 
ble assistance  received  from  France,  and  thus  to  the  later  recognition  of 
other  foreign   Governments.     As  in  the  last  French  and  English  war, 
the  campaign  of  1759,  which  embraced  the  rocky  heights  of    Quebec, 
the  great  water  line  of  New  York,  and  the  western  posts  on  the  great 
lakes,  was  the  decisive  campaign;  so  by  this  one  of  1777,  similar   in 
construction,  it  was  proposed  by  the   English  King  and  his  American 
Minister,    Lord   Germaine,  to  divide  and    crush  the  Colonies,  and   ter- 
minate the  war. 


HAITI. !•;    Ml     SAKA|(Hi.\ 


Gcucnil  HiiiLrnviu-.  who  luid  witncssi-d  tlu-  hattli-  of  liimkcr  Hill, 
nnd  IkkI  WMtclicd  witli  critical  jii(l',''iiicMit  the  cautious  niovcinciits  of  Sir 
Guy  C'arlcfou  duriiii,''  the  year  1776,  IkkI  iu  the  lattei-  pait  ol  that  year 
returned  to  I';iiL,daiid  and  held  lontj  consultations  with  the  Kin',^  and 
(lerinaine.  Buri,n)yne  hrou^^ht  his  military  knowled^'e  and  experience, 
and  his  brilliant  intellectual  powers  into  play  in  di'piit iiij,^  to  ihenithe 
wisdom  and  el'liciency  of  Andierst's  cainpai;,ni  of  1739.  May  he  not  also 
have  held  in  his  fervid  imagination  some  picture  of  himself  in  the  near 
future  receivini,^  such  hf)nors  as  had  been  awarded  to  Amherst?  We 
know  the  result  of  those  consultations  ;  how  a  delinite  and  explicit  plan 
was  h)rined  in  lin-^land  by  which  every  particidar  in  re<;ard  to  the  move- 
mcnt  of  troops  in  Canada  was  specified,  even  to  the  number  that  shoidd 
garrison  each  successive  post;  how  Sir  Guy  Carlet(m  was  ignored,  and 
ordered  to  hand  over  the  army  of  invasion  to  Oeneral  Burgoyne  ;  and 
how,  upon  leaving  the  Canadian  boundaries,  that  army  was  to  be  wholly 
independent  of  Carleton.  Orders  were  also  forwarded  to  Sir  William 
Howe,  at  New  York,  to  cooperate  with  this  enterprise  by  proceeding 
up  the  Hudson  river  to  join  Burgoyne  at  Albany.  These  orders  do  not 
appear  t(^  have  been  so  peremptory  as  those  which  were  to  control  the 
northern  division  of  the  army;  at  least  L(jrd  Howe  interpreted  them 
very  freely.  He  not  only  sailed  south,  toward  Philadelphia,  with  the 
main  army,  while  Burgoyne  was  pushing  toward  him  from  the  north,  but 
he  left  Sir  Henry  Clinton  at  New  York  with  purely  discretionary  pow- 
ers  in  regard  to  such  cooperation. 

It  was  also  arranged  by  Lord  Grrmainc  that  an  expedition  should  be 
sent  to  Fort  Stanwix  by  way  of  Lake  Ontario,  which  should  make  its 
way  thence  through  the  Mohawk  valley  to  Albany ;  and  St.  Leger  was 
designated  as  the  proper  person  for  its  command.  The  New  England 
Colonies  were  also  to  be  threatened  with  invasion  ;  upon  this  order  Gen- 
eral Burgoyne  based  very  strongly  his  defense,  before  the  I\arliamentary 
Committee,  of  his  disastrous  movement  upon  Bennington. 

It  is  thus  seen  that  the  culmination  of  this  grand  scheme  was  directed 
against  the  very  heart — the  vital  existence  of  the  great  province  of  New 
York,  even  then  the  most  important,  the  most  vigorous  of  those  thirteen 
young  giants  who  stood  so  sullenly,  defiantly,  and  yet  reluctantly  at  bay 
to  receive  the  blow  that  would  decide  whether  they  should  submit  to 
the  unreasonable  demands  of  a  tyrannical  parent,  or  remain  free  for  the 
development  of  a  full  manhood. 

When  Burgoyne  arrived  at  Quebec,  in  May,  he  found  Carleton  ready 
to  aid  him  with  alacrity,  and  in  a  very   short  time  the  troops  that   had 


BATTLE  OF  SARATOGA 


been  in  winter  quarters  and  the  newly  arrived  reinforcements — the  Ca- 
nadian Provincials  and  the  Indian  allies — were  in  readiness  for  a  forward 
movement.  Burg-oyne  ordered  the  sick  and  the  bag<^age  to  be  left  at 
Three  Rivers,  and  the  whole  army  to  concentrate  at  St.  Johns.  This 
was  accomplished  by  the  I2th  of  June,  and  here,  on  that  day,  around  a' 
sumptuous  dinner,  sat  Sir  Guy  Carleton,  Generals  Bur<^oyne,  Ricdesel, 
Phillips,  Frazer  and  other  officers  of  rank.  While  still  at  the  table  a 
messaj^c  was  brought  informing  General  Riedesel  of  the  long  anticipated 
arrival  of  his  wife,  the  Baroness,  at  Quebec,  and  announcing  to  General 
Carleton  the  approach  of  reinforcements  for  the  army  in  Canada.  Hearty 
congratalations  were  exchanged,  tbe  wine  flowed  freely,  and  amid  great 
hilarity  and  exultation  General  Carleton  took  leave  of  the  army  of  inva- 
sion. A  brilliant  scene  was  presen*_d  by  this  trained  and  disciplined 
army  of  two  nations,  equipped  with  all  that  power,  wealth  and  genius 
could  devise  and  procure,  and  accompanied  by  artillery  unparalleled  at 
that  time  for  efficiency  and  splendor.  As  the  guns  roared  out  their 
farewell  salute,  and  the  different  corps  moved  back  and  forth  in  their 
preparations  to  embark,  the  earth  shook  as  though  she  would  hasten 
their  departure ;  and  as  they  floated  towards  the  great  Lake  its  waters 
quivered  under  the  light  of  a  hazy  mystery  that  seemed  to  entice  them  on 
to  unimagined  glories.  What  wonder  if  the  poet-soul  of  Burgoyne 
reveled  in  enchanting  fancies  that  clothed  the  end  in  brightness.  We 
have  been  accustomed  to  think  of  him  in  disgrace,  as  he  yielded  his 
sword  to  his  victorious  enemy — or  to  dwell  on  his  pompous  proclama- 
tions, his  grandiose  follies.  Another  view  may  be  taken  of  this  hero  of 
misfortunes.  He  made  vmdoubted  and  serious  sacrifices  in  an  attempt  to 
control  and  humanize  his  savage  allies ;  his  high  sense  of  honor  cannot 
be  questioned ;  his  calmness  and  discretion  under  unjust  public  oppro- 
brium and  censure  are  worthy  of  admiration  and  imitation.  The  bril- 
liancy of  his  hope,  the  persistency  of  his  efforts  to  accomplish  the  de- 
sired end,  his  unflinching  assumption  of  entire  responsibility,  and  the 
quiet  dignity  with  which  final  disaster  was  faced  and  borne,  render  him 
one  of  the  most  picturesque  and  pathetic  objects  that  fill  for  a  moment 
the  kaleidoscope  of  our  revolutionary  epoch. 

We  have  a  graphic  description  of  Burgoyne's  army  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  given  by  Anburey,  a  young  officer  who  accompanied  the  expedi- 
tion, in  one  of  his  delightful  letters  to  a  friend.  "  Let  me  just  relate," 
writes  he,  "  in  what  manner  the  army  passed  up  the  lake,  which  was  by 
brigades,  generally  advancing  from  seventeen  to  twenty  miles  a  day,  and 
regulated  in  such  a  manner  that  the   second   Brigade  should  take   the 


BATTLE   OF   SARATOGA 


he  Ca- 
jrward 
;  left  at 
.     This 
round  a" 
.icdesel, 
table   a 
icipated 
General 

Hearty 
lid  great 

of  inva- 
sciplined 
d  genius 
alleled  at 
out  their 
h  in  their 
Id  hasten 
its  waters 
e  them  on 
Burgoyne 
less.     We 
'ielded  his 
proclama- 
his  hero  of 
attempt  to 
nor  cannot 
blic  oppro- 

The  bril- 
ish  the  de- 
ty,  and  the 
render  him 
r  a  moment 

Lake  Cham- 
the  expedi- 
just  relate," 
■hich  was  by 
;s  a  day,  and 
dd  take   the 


place  of  the  first,  and  so  on  successively,  for  each  Brigade  to  fill  the 
ground  the  other  quitted ;  the  time  of  departure  was  always  day- 
break." 

In  another  letter  he  writes  :  "  I  cannot  forbear  portraying  to  your 
imagination  one  of  the  most  pleasing  spectacles  I  ever  beheld.  When 
we  were  in  the  widest  part  of  the  lake,  whose  beauty  and  extent  I  have 
already  described,  it  was  remarkably  fine  and  clear,  not  a  breeze  was 
stirring,  when  the  whole  army  appeared  at  one  view  in  such  perfect 
regularity  as  to  form  the  most  complete  and  splendid  regatta  you  can 
possibly  conceive.  In  the  front  the  Indians  went  with  their  birch-bark 
canoes,  containing  twenty  or  thirty  each ;  then  the  advanced  corps  in 
regular  line  with  the  gun-boats,  ihen  followed  the  Royal  George  and 
Inflexible,  towing  large  booms — which  are  to  be  thrown  across  two  points 
of  land — with  the  two  brigs  and  sloops  following  ;  after  them  Gc  nerals 
Burgoyne,  Phillips  and  Riedescl  in  their  pinnaces;  next  to  the-n  the 
second  Battalion,  followed  by  the  German  Battalion  ;  and  the  rear  was 
brought  up  with  the  sutlers  and  followers  of  the  army.  Upon  the  ap- 
pearance of  so  formidable  a  fleet  you  may  imagine  they  were  not  a  little 
disma3ed  at  Ticonderoga,  for  they  were  apprised  of  our  advance,  as 
we  every  day  could  see  their  watch-boats." 

While  the  main  army  from  Canada  was  thus  advancing  towards 
Crown  Point  and  Ticonderoga,  St.  Leger,  with  nearly  a  thousand  men, 
regulars  and  Canadians,  and  Sir  John  Johnson  with  the  Royal  Greens, 
whose  homes  all  lay  in  the  beautiful  valley  they  now  wished  to  ravish 
and  conquer,  moved  up  the  St.  Lawrence  and  through  Lakes  Ontario 
and  Oneida  into  Wood  Creek,  by  which  to  approach  Fort  Stan- 
wix  (5r  Scliuyler.  This  fort  was  garrisoned  by  seven  hundred  and  fifty 
Continental  troops,  and  was  under  the  command  of  the  brave  Colonel 
Gansevoort. 

Early  in  the  year  1777  General  Philip  Schuyler,  commanding  the 
northern  division  of  the  Continental  Army,  had  been  actively  enaraged 
in  preparations  for  the  summer  campaign  in  his  Department.  At  that 
time  he  had  informed  General  Washington  that  it  would  be  necessary  ior 
him  to  have  ten  thousand  additional  troops  to  garrison  Fort  Ticondero- 
ga and  its  adjacent  defences,  and  two  thousand  for  important  points  on 
the  Mohawk.  He  was  making  arrangements,  under  the  direction  and 
with  the  assistance  of  Washington,  to  collect  and  provide  for  as  large  a 
portion  of  this  force  as  possible,  when,  early  in  April,  it  became  neces- 
sary for  him  to  go  to  Philadelphia.  This  was  in  consequence  of  the  in- 
trigues of  his  enemies,  who  had  determined  that  he  should  relinquish  the 


BATTLE  OF  SARATOGA 

commanded  the  ''"'-^f  .Z^^.  ^.'"''^j!'!'^  las  also  a  dcleRate  to  Con- 

-s::^srr2£-a.r:^rr^:if^s:i 

Northern  Department.  Aiu^nv  ind  resumed  his  command. 

On  the  3d  of  June  he  arnved  m  Albanyjnd/^^  ^^^^^      ^.^  ^^ 

Durmg  his  absence  little  h..dbe^ndo^  ^^^    ^..^^^ 

defence,   or  to  mcrease   tne  httle  army  t         g  ^^^^^^^   ^^^ 

ZT:^  ^^^   "e  arrldJ"  U,e.  had   been  who... 

-!;to--,.vaHnA.any.^^ 

mer  to  hold  the  mihtia  of   Tr^on  county  conciliate  the 

from  the  west;  and  he  renewed  ^^'^1%^^^^,,,  influence. 

Indmns  of  the  Six  Nations  "^fl^'^^J^^^^^^         Burgoyne.     His  first 
He  was  soon  informed  of  the  ^"'^'^^^^ ^  f^j^t  upon  Ticonde- 

in.pression  was  that  Burgoyne  -ould  only  make  a  ^^^1  ^^^^^^  ^^^ 
ro^a,  while  his  main  army  would  march  ^^o"J  J^  -^  ^^.^^  states, 
Connecticut  river,  and  make  -  attempt  .jponth^^^^^^^^^  Lj^  ^^^^  ^^^^ 
who  might  receive  a  snnultaneous  attack  on  th  ^^^  ^^^^.^^  ^^ 

Howe.     He  gave  "«  t.me    o  ^dl^^  ^Theaditional  works,  projected  at 

Ticonderoga  to  mspect  its  'l^^"!,^ ';     '  ,^ere  incomplete  for  want 

Mount  Independence,  opposite  Ticonderogaw  ^^   F^^^   ^^^^^^^ 

of  troops  and  artizans.      Schuyler,  there  ole^  ^^  independence, 

whence  he  forwarded  workmen   anu  ^- '^ Enforcements  that  were 
and  then  returned  to  Albany,  to  hurry  lorwa 

hourly  expected  from  P^^^f  !!  "  ^^^^^^.^  ^^rtain  and  speedy  approach 

Hearing  at  this  time  ^^^^^'^^y^'X to  the  Governor  of  Con- 

toward  Ticonderoga,  he  -^^^^^^^^^  .;' f  ^f/33l^chusetts,  and  the  various 

necticut,  the  President  of  f  ^o-cd  of  M     s^^^^^^^         ^^^^  ^^  ^,^  .^. 

h^"^  ^:^  -  t^!^  H^had  placed  in  command  of 


liATii.r.  OF  s \kat()(;a 


e  this 
while 
olved 

Vrniv. 
i  was 
>  Con- 
passed 
nought 
;  of  the 

:imand. 
)lans  of 

widely 
ays   an 

wholly 

Herki- 
y  attack 
liate  the 

His  first 
riconde- 
/ard  the 
i  States, 
om  Lord 
irried  to 
)jected  at 
for  want 
George, 
Dendence. 
that  v/ere 

approach 
r  of  Con- 
tie  various 
of  the  im- 
•y  exertion 

he   might 
>mmand  of 


Fort  Ticonderoga.     General  Gates  had  refused  to  remain  in  the  Depart- 
ment after   Schuyler's  return,  and   had  obtained  a  leave  to   return   to 

Philadelphia.  ...  •  i 

Schuyler's  appeal  for  reinforcements  met  with  a  languid  response 
Washington  alone  seemed  to  understand  tlie  urgency  of  his  need  and 
he  could  do  little  to  augment  Schuyler's  ins.gn.hcant  army.  He,  liow- 
ever  appealed  also  to  the  New  lingland  States,  urging  upon  them  the 
danger  to  their  own  boundaries  if  Burgoyne  should  gam  any  f^^^tho Id 
in  the  Northern  Department.  He  also  ordered  Putnam  at  Peeksk.ll  to 
reinforce  Schuvler  with  four  Massachusetts  regiments. 

\t  this  time  the  main  armv  under  Washington  consisted  ol  but 
seven  thousand  five  hundred  men,  many  of  them  militia,  whose  term.s  of 
service  would  soon  expire.  With  this  small  force,  Washington  from 
the  hei-htsat  Middlcbrook,  watched  and  baffled  the  movements  of  Lord 
Howe,  whose  army,  assembled  at  Brunswick,  "  had  not  its  equal  in  the 

'^'^  Howe's  main  object  was  to  entice  Washington  into  a  general  engage- 
ment in  which  the  British  would  have  greatly  the  advantage.  Such  a 
victory  would  not  only  insure  possession  of  l>l«ladelphia,  the  princMpal 
aim  of  Howe's  campaign,  but  would  enable  him  to  cooperate  with  Bur- 
goyne, which  he  was  willing  to  do,  if  such  a  movement  could  be  made 

conformable  to  his  own  plans.  

Washington  was  greatly  perplexed,  and  m  much  anxiety  from  his 
inabilitv  to  solve  the  designs  of  Howe.  Yet.  with  undisturbed  self-pos- 
session; he  continued  to  hold  the  shifting  army  of  the  enemy  in  check 
It  had  advanced  and  retreated;  advanced  again,  and  had  endeavored  to 
outflank  him  ;  but  finally,  by  his  untiring  vigilance,  his  inflexible  adhe- 
rence  to  his  original  purpose  of  maintaining  his  strong  position  on  the 
heights  and  by  the  harrassments  to  which  he  subjected  the  ease-lovmg 
Lord  Howe,  he  compelled  that  commander  on  the  30th  of  June  to  evac- 
ate  the  Jerseys  with  his  whole  army.  ,  u      „ 

Washington  had  written  to  Schuyler :  "  If  I  can  keep  General  Houe 
below  the  Highlands,  1  think  their  schemes  will  be  entirely  baffled 
Even  when  Howe  was  known  io  iiavc  .ailed  ^^-t^'--'"'  V  t      '^  °n 
surmised  that  it  might  be  a  feint  to  draw  him  toward  Philadelphia,  when 
Howe  would  return  and  ascend  the  Hudson. 

It  is  evident  that  the  situation  of  the  Northern  Departn^ent  con- 
stantly occupied  the  attention  of  the  Commander-in-Ch.ef.  When  he 
was  assured  that  Howe  was  in  the  capes  of  the  Delaware,  and  there  was 
no  further  doubt  that  Philadelphia  was  the  point  of  attack,  although 


lO 


BATTLE   OF   SARATOGA 


.11 


himself  in  f,n-eat  need  of  troops  and  efficient  officers,  he  parted  with 
Morjran's  Corps  of  live  hundred  picked  men,  and  sent  Arnold,  of  whose 
al)iliries  as  a  General  he  entertained  a  high  opiniiMi.  to  assist  the  Army 
of  the  North.  He  also  directed  General  Lincoln,  then  in  New  England, 
to  repair  to  Schuyler's  command,  and  advised  that  he  should  attempt  a 
Hank  movement  upon  Burgoync  toward  the  east.  He  also  addressed 
circulars  to  the  Brigadier-Generals  of  Militia  in  Western  Massachusetts 
and  Connecticut,  urging  them  to  march  with  a  large  part  of  their  com- 
mand to  Saratoga,  or  other  rendezvous  designated  by  General  Schuy- 
ler. To  the  latter  he  wrote,  warning  him  against  collecting  large  quan- 
tities of  ammunition  and  other  stores  in  forts  and  lines  of  defense.  "  I 
be"-in  to  consider  lines,"  he  writes,  "  a  kind  of  trap,  unless  they  are  in 
passes  which  cannot  be  avoided  by  the  enemy. 

We  will  see  how  the  imperfect  lines  of  defense  at  Ticonderoga  came 
near  being  "a  trap,"  in  which  St.  Clair  and  his  little  Vmy  of  three 
thcnisand  men  would  have  been  captured  but  for  the  jirompt  and  well- 
considered  plan  of  retreat  adopted  by  St.  Clair.  If  this  retreat  was  in 
some  particulars  disastrous,  this  misfortune  should  not  reflect  upon  the 
commander,  but  on  the  subordinates,  who,  through  negligence  and 
officiousness,  marred  his  plan,  and  upon  the  ill  fortune  that  sometimes 
attends  the  best  laid  schemes. 

The  importance  attached  to  the  occupation  of  Ticonderoga  appears 
to  have  been  traditionary,  and  without  sufficient  foundation.  Being 
considered  of  such  importance,  there  seems  to  have  been  strange  neglect 
and  want  of  foresight  in  the  various  officers  who  succeeded  each  other 
in  its  command.  The  scattering  and  imperfect  defenses  were  extended 
over  more  than  two  miles.  Sugar  Hill,  "  the  key  of  the  position,"  was 
not  occupied.  There  had  been  repeated  discussions  among  the  officers 
as  to  the  feasibility  of  fortifying  this  commanding  point.  Colonel  Trum- 
bull, and  Generals  Wayne  and  Arnold  had  climbed  the  hill,  which  was 
difficult  of  ascent,  to  satisfy  themselves  that  a  battery  could  be  placed 
upon  it.  Major  Stevens,  the  energetic  officer  who  commanded  the 
artillery  at  Ticonderoga,  and  later  all  the  artillery  in  the  northern  de- 
partment, had  proved  by  a  practical  experiment  with  one  of  his  guns 
that  it  should  be  occupied. 

Washington,  upon  a  report  of  the  defenses  in  the  Northern  Depart- 
ment, had  condemned  Fort  Independence,  on  the  opposite  shore  of  the 
Lake,  as  entirely  useless  for  the  purpose  of  checking  an  enemy's  pro- 
gress toward  the  south,  as  it  did  not  command  the  road  to  Lake  George. 
Vet  Wayne,  Gates,  Schuyler,  and  St.  Clair  were  equally  agreed  in  con- 


'  ii 


BATTLE   OF   SARATOGA 


II 


sideringit  necessary  to  hold  Ticondcroga  and  strengthen  Mount  Inde- 
oendence,  and  were  equally  negligent  in  leaving  Sugar  Hill  exposed  to 
'the  adversary.  The  scantiness  of  the  garrison,  the  contentions  among 
its  commanders,  and  the  final  unexi)ectcd  rapidity  of  Burgoyne  s  ad- 
vance, may  partly  explain  the  apparent  want  of  sound  military  judg- 
mcnt  that  caused  this  fortress  to  fall  like  ripe  fruit  into  the  hands  of  the 

'""^  An  old  entrenchment  on  the  road  to  Lake  George  was  also  neglected 
by  the  Americans  ;  and  when  Burgoyne  made  his  appearance  before 
Ticonderoga  on  the  4th  of  July,  this  position  was  immediately  seized 
upon   by  General   Frazer,   and  named  Mount  Hope,   as  significant  of 

future  success.  ^  .  1  .1  t-u^ 

Burgoyne  had  lingered  a  few  days  at  Crown  Point,  and  there  on  the 
^oth   of    June    he    issued    the  famous   order,  containing  these  words: 
''  T/ns  army  must  not  retreat:'     On  the  following  morning  he  moved  for- 
ward in  battle  array.     The  German  battalions  formed  the  left  wing  and 
advanced  on  the  east  side  of  the  lake  until  they  camped  in  front  of  Mount 
Independence.     General  Frazer  led  the  right  wing  on  the  west  sice  and 
the  floating  batteries  moved,  in  unison  between.     On  the  4th  of  July, 
when  Fra/er  had  occupied  Mount  Hope,  General  Phillips  took  posses- 
sion of  the  mills  at  the  outlet  of  Lake  George,  and  on  the  same  day  sent 
Lieutenant  Twiss  to  reconnoitre  Sugar  Hill.     Satisfied  fi-om  his  report 
that  a  battery  could  be  placed  upon  it,  he  only  waited  for  darkness  to 
carry  out  his  design.     The  guns  were  then  hoisted  from  tree  to  tree 
with\eavy  ropes,  and,  writes  Anburey,  "General  Philips  urged  the 
work  forward  with  the  same  vehemence  with  which  he  drox.    his  artil- 
lery at  the  battle  of  Minden,  when  he  is  said  to  have  broken  fifteen  canes 

over  the  horses."  .      ,  ,      , 

On  the  morning  of  July  5th  St.  Clair  awoke  to  see,  in  the  early  dawn, 
the  red-coats  busy  on  the  summit  of  Sugar  Hill,  planting  a  battery  seven 
hundred  feet  above  him,  from  which  point  they  could  observe  every 
movement  within  the  fort.     He  recognized  the  danger,  and  immediately 
called  a  council  of  officers.     They  unanimously  agreed  that  the  evacua- 
tion of  Forts  Ticonderoga  and  Independence  was  imperative,  or  a  sur- 
render would  soon  be  inevitable.  ,    ,    ,      •    *v,» 
St  Clair  quietly  and  expeditiously,  mz^d^t  nrrangements  to  begin  the 
retreat  on  the  same  night.     The  troops  were  permitted  to  believe  that  a 
sortie  was  intended,  and  firing  was  continued  through  the  day  to  deceive 
the  enemy.     Above  the  floating  bridge  that  connected  the  forts  a  boom 
had  been  placed  to  obstruct  the  navigation  of  the  lake.     It  was  sup- 


12 


l;.\T'n,I'    OF    SARATOGA 


posed  that  this  would  delay  the  British  j^unboats,  so  that  the  American 
batteaiix  might  reach  Skciiesl)oroii<;ii  in  safety.  As  soon  as  darkness 
rendered  it  discreet,  the  wounded  and  women,  together  witii  the  stores 
and  ammunition,  were  embarked  on  two  hundred  of  these  batteau. 
Thev  were  escorted  by  live  armed  galleys  and  six  hundred  men,  under 
the  command  of  Colonel  Long.  It  was  a  bright  moonlight  night,  but 
they  got  imder  way  in  safety  ;  as  they  i)ro  .ceded  leisurely  up  the  lake, 
they  indulged  in  much  merriment  and  exultation  over  their  (luiet  and 
expeditious  escape. 

St.  Clair,  with  the  main  body  of  the  troops,  also  passed  safely  and 
undiscovered  over  the  floating  bridge,  where  they  were  joined  by  the 
garrison  from  Mount  Independence.  All  were  under  full  retreat,  when, 
most  unfortunately,  the  house  that  had  been  occupied  as  head-quarters 
by  General  de  Fertnois,  who  commanded  Independence,  was  fired,  and  the 
brilliant  flames  lighted  up  the  entire  columns  of  the  retreating  forces. 
The  British  sentinels  immediately  gave  the  alarm.  By  day-break  the 
British  flag  floated  over  both  forts,  and  in  a  few  hours  General  Frazer 
was  in  close  pursuit  of  the  Americans. 

On  the  morning  of  the  7th  Frazer's  Indian  scouts  came  upon  the  rear 
guard  of  St.  Clair's  army,  under  Colonels  Warner  and  Francis,  at  Ilub- 
bardton.  General  Frazer  made  an  mipetuous  attack,  which  Warner 
resisted  with  great  spirit.  He  was  nobly  seconded  by  Colonel  Francis, 
who  three  times  charged  the  enemy  at  the  head  of  his  regiment.  On 
one  of  these  occasions  his  men  came  into  action  singing  the  hymns 
familiar  to  them  in  their  village  churches.  This  induced  the  British  to 
believe  that  reinforcements  had  arrived  ;  they  were  yielding  ground 
when  General  Riedesel,  who  had  been  awaiting  the  arrival  of  his  grena- 
diers for  two  hours  with  great  impatience,  now  brought  them  forward 
with  colors  flying,  while  they  sang  the  resonant  battle  hymns  of  the 
Germans.  Under  the  first  onslaught  with  their  bayonets,  Colonel 
Francis  fell;  fatally  wounded,  and  the  exhausted  Americans  were  com- 
pelled to  leave  the  field.  They  had  crippled  the  enemy  sufficiently  to  check 
further  pursuit,  and  had  caused  them  heavy  losses  of  men  and  otiicers. 
Among  the  wounded  was  Major  Ackland,  whose  painful  walk  after- 
wards down  the  steep,  wooded  hll,  upon  which  the  battle  was  fought, 
is  touchingly  related  by  the  officer  who  assisted  him.  It  was  in  conse- 
quence of  this  wound  that  Lady  Ackland  shortly  afterward  joined  him 
at  Skenesborough. 

While  the  contest  was  in  progress  at  Hubbardton,  St.  Clair  ordered 
Colonel  Hale  with  his  regiment  to  reinforce  Warner  and  Francis.     Hale 


nATTI.K   OF   SARATOGA 


13 


disobeyed  orders,  and  with  his  men  was  soon  afterwards  captured  by  tlic 
enemy.  St.  Clair,  hearing  now  that  Biirgi)yne  had  possession  of  Skcnes- 
borouj^di,  pushed  into  the  woods  eastward,  and  made  a  circuitous  route 
to  Fort  Edward,  where  he  arrived  on  the  12th. 

The  batteau  of  the  American  flotilla  from  Ticonderoga,  had  just 
touched  at  Skenesborough,  when  heavy  firing  was  heard  in  their  rear. 
The  British  had  speedily  disposed  of  the  obstructing  boom  and  follow- 
ed the  flotilla  up  the  lake.  The  Americans,  confused  and  panic-stricken, 
abandoned  all  the  stores  they  had  brought  with  so  much  care,  and  fled 
towards  Fort  Anne.  Before  leaving  they  set  fire  to  the  houses,  mills  and 
other  buildings  at  Skenesborough ;  the  flames  spread  into  the  pine  for- 
ests, on  the  surrounding  hills,  which,  as  the  British  approached,  present- 
ed a  scene  of  unsurpassed  grandeur  and  desolation. 

The  retreating  force  separated,  one  party  making  its  way  through 
Wood  Creek,  and  the  remainder,  under  Colonel  Long,  pushing  through 
the  woods  to  Fort  Anne,  where  he  determined  to  make  a  stand.  When 
the  British  approached  he  returned  to  meet  them,  and  posted  his  reg- 
iment on  a  narrow  pathway  near  Wood  Creek.  As  the  British  advanced 
he  opened  fire  upon  them,  and  shifting  his  troops  from  side  to  side  of  the 
creek,  so  harassed  and  confused  them  that  they  were  forced  to  take  refuge 
on  a  hill  to  the  right.  Here  they  were  closely  besieged  for  two  hours. 
Several  of  their  officers  were  wounded  and  carried  into  a  log  house 
whose  walls  were  frequently  penetrated  by  the  American  rifle  balls; 
while  lying  there  these  officers  commented  with  surprise  upon  the  dar- 
ing and  endurance  of  the  rebels,  whose  courageous  spirit  they  here  en- 
countered for  the  first  time.  When  Colonel  Long's  little  band  was  upon 
the  very  verge  of  victory,  there  suddenly  sounded  through  the  forest, 
on  every  side,  the  terrible  war-whoop  of  the  savages  as  they  advanced 
by  hundreds  to  reinforce  the  British.  The  Americans  hurriedly  secured 
their  prisoners,  and  taking  their  wounded,  left  the  hill  and  continued 
their  retreat  to  Fort  Edward. 

During  the  first  days  of  July,  General  Schuyler  had  waited  in  Albany, 
with  great  impatience,  the  arrival  of  reinforcements  from  the  Highlands. 
On  the  7th  they  had  not  arrived,  and  leaving  orders  for  them  to  follow, 
he  started  north  with  the  small  force  he  had  collected,  about  fifteen  hun- 
dred men.  At  Stillwater  he  was  met  with  the  astounding  intelligence 
that  St.  Clair  had  abandoned  Forts  Ticonderoga  and  Independence 
without  striking  a  blow  in  their  defense,  and  hurrying  on  to  Fort  Ed- 
ward he  met  Long,  who  could  give  him  no  account  of  St.  Clair  and  his 
army.     Fears  were  entertained  that  he  had  been  overtaken  and  compelled 


14 


HA'III.r.   OK    SARATOGA 


'  ! 


.     \ 


in  surrender.  After  a  .nvstcri..us  disappearance  ol  seven  days.  St 
C'lalr  joined  Schuyler  at  Fort  Edward,  his  men  ha-gard  and  worn  with 
their  exhausting  march,  but  safe  and  resolute  for  further  service 

These  misfortunes  in  the  beginning  of  the  campaign  uivolved  a  hcav) 
U,ss  of  artillery,  small  arms,  and  stores  of  all  kinds ;  the  c.jnsternat.or  o 
r^eople  who  fled  before  Burgoyne  seemed  still  more  disastrous  and 
Schuyler's  fortitude  and  composure  were  most  severely  tned.     lie  was 
su      ined  and  encouraged  by  constant  despatches  rem  Washington   who 
writes  at  one  time,  "  We  should  never  despair.     If  new  dnficulties  arise 
we  must  only  put  forth  new  exertions."  and  again  he  expresses  an  earnest 
mpathy  for  Schuyler  amid  these  thickening  difficulties^  and  nWes  s 
his  unwavering  confidence  in  his  ability  to  overcome  them.     With  un- 
flalX  energy  Schuyler  exerted  himself  to  delay  the  enemy  while  en- 
d;a:;"rfng  to  collect  a'sufficient  force  to  meet  him  with  some  reasonable 

''^Xrt>nrnoThad  his  headquarters  at  the  house  of  a  noted  loyalist. 
(\.lonel  Skene;  the  victories  he  anticipated  appeared  to  fall  into  his 
h  r  s  thTn;tural  result  of  his  well  laid  schemes.  The  nghtened 
pa  ots  trembled  at  his  approach,  and  Colonel  Skene  assured  h.m  that 
hundreds  of  loyalists  were  waiting  for  an  opportunity  to  jom  his  advanc- 
inl  army.  Skene  was  an  old  resident,  a  large  land  owner,  and  was  sup- 
pcTsed  to  exert  an  extended  influence ;  much  weight  was  therefore  attach- 

''  Burl^;twas  greatly  elated,  and  on  the  tenth  of  July  ordered  a 
Thankslwing  service  to  be  read  "at  the  head  of  the  Ime,  and  at  the 
head  of  the  Advanced  Corps,  and  at  sun-set  on  the  same  day,  a  feu  de 
'Ijfto  be  fired  with  cannon  and  small  arms  at  Ticonderoga,  Crown 
Point  Skenesborough  and  Castleton."  ,    ,    ,  .  •       .. 

He  had  now  reached  the  close  of  the  "  first  period  of  this  campaign, 
as  he  divided  it  in  his  "  State  of  the  Expedition,"  written  after  his  return 
'to  England.  These  three  divisions  we  may  appropriately  consider,  from 
In  aritie  point  of  view,  as  the  three  acts  in  this  great  drama.  The  sec- 
ond one  extended  from  this  time  to  Burgoyne's  passage  across  the  Hud- 
.;nn  river  near  the  Batten  Kill,  on  the  thirteenth  of  September. 

Gene;a   Schuyler  remained  at  Fort  Edward  until  he  had  effectually 
obstructed  the  pathway  from  Skenesborough,  where  Burgoyne  now  ling- 
ered     Huge  stones  were  rolled  into  Wood  Creek,  and  trees  felled  across 
it    bridges  were  destroyed,  and  the  forests  leveled  aross  the  roads.   The 
urroundbg  country  was  stripped  of  forage  and  the  cattle  driven  off,  so 
hi  the  enLy  would  be  compelled  to  rely  upon  his  base  of  operations  for 


s 


"y;!gg" 


^s,   St. 
n  with 

1  heavy 
ition  of 
us,  and 
[^le  was 
)n,  who 
es  arise 
earnest 
anifcsts 
/"ith  un- 
hilc  en- 
isonable 

loyalist, 
into  his 
ghtened 
lim  that 
advanc- 
was  sup- 
e  attach- 

rdered  a 

id  at  the 

a  feu  de 

I,  Crown 

mpaign," 
lis  return 
der,  from 
The  see- 
the Hud- 

ffectually 
now  ling- 
led  across 
ads.  The 
/en  off,  so 
rations  for 


It.M  ri.K    Ol'    SARAH  )( .A 


15 


provisions  ;  this  proved  a  serious  obstacle  to  Burgoyne's  advance.  Hav- 
ing accomplished  these  purposes,  Schuyler  fell  back  to  Tort  Miller,  on  the 
east  side  of  the  river,  and  again  paused  to  destroy  the  road  over  which 
he  had  just  jxisscd.  He  then  retreated  to  Stillwater,  and  reinforcements 
coming  in  hut  slowly,  he  fir)ally  encamped  his  little  army  near  the  mouths 
of  thcMohawk,  but  maintained  his  head(iuarters  at  Stillwater. 

At  vSkcnesborough  Burgoyne  first  faced  the  difficulties  of  his  position. 
His  force  was  reduced  in  order  to  garrison  the  forts  already  taken,  Carle- 
ton  having  refused  to  send  troops  for  that  purpose.  In  preparing  to 
marcii  through  an  unfamiliar  wilderness,  he  found  that  the  necessity  of 
carrying  provisions  and  dragging  artillery,  while  engaged  in  cuttmg  a 
passage  and  constructing  roads,  would  seriously  retard  his  progress. 
He  was  not  discouraged,  but  pushed  on  vigorously.  The  troo[)s  suffer- 
ed greatly  during  their  severe  labors  from  the  excessive  heat  and  inninn- 
erable  insects.  It  was,  therefore,  with  a  feeling  of  intense  relief  that 
they  arrived  at  Fort  Edward  on  the  thirteenth  of  July.  Both  officers 
and  men  were  inspired  with  enthusiasm  upon  thus  obtaining  their  first 
sight  of  the  Hudson  River,  so  long  the  object  of  their  desires  and 
hopes. 

Burgoyne  remained  here,  and  at  Ducr's  House,  not  far  distant,  until 
September  10th,  his  difficulties  and  perplexities  constantly  increasing. 
His  requisition  for  horses  and  wagons,  upon  which  his  army  was  so  de- 
pendent, had  been  imperfectly  filled.  It  seemed  impossible  to  accumu- 
late sufficient  provisions  for  a  long  and  rapid  march.  Instead  of  the 
friendly  and  helpful  inhabitants  who  he  imagined  would  Hock  to  his 
quarters,  there  was  absolute  coldness  on  the  part  of  the  inhabitants,  or  the 
desolation  of  deserted  homes.  His  Indian  allies  were  insurbordinate  and 
troublesome,  and  soon  the  murder  of  Jane  McCrea  by  a  party  of  these 
savages  aroused  and  intensified  the  hostile  feeling  of  the  Colonists.  His 
own  humane  and  honorable  sentiments  were  shocketl  and  disgusted  by 
this  incident.  It  was  impossible  for  him  to  dispense  with  the  services  of 
these  wild  creatures,  from  whom  so  much  was  expected  by  the  Home 
Government.  He  satisfied  himself  by  imposing  stringent  orders  upon 
their  movements.  This  created  a  general  discontent,  and  they  soon  be- 
gan to  desert  him  by  hundreds.  In  the  midst  of  these  anxieties  he  re- 
ceived intelligence  of  the  arrival  of  St.  Leger  before  Fort  Stanwix. 

According  to  his  original  plan,  he  must  now  move  immediately  down 
the  river  to  cooperate  with  St.  Leger,  or  at  least  make  a  diversion  in  his 
favor.  An  expedition  was  therefore  proposed  that,  it  was  thought, 
would  answer  many  important  purposes.     Burgoyne  was  informed  by 


. 


I 


':'l 


I  1^ 


16 


hatti.i'  ok  sarat(^oa 


1   ci  fl,-f    -.t   H.imin<'-t()n  the   Americans  had   colk-ctcd  many 

Skene    al»,  relU-nUccl    his    -™--- ,-">-■"""«   '",,;';  ^h        y 
w.ml.l    l,v  suci,  a  movement,  secure  the  opv...rtun,ty   (..r  "Inch  n  ey 

:  tei  ,.  j.,in  the  Britlsl,  anny.  So  e.mlulent  were  '^'^."^;^ ^^l^ 
r  th  1,1  these  statements  ,.r  Skene,  that  when  the  Anuncans .  f  Starks 
:;m;nan,l  ::me  erceph,K  aronn,,  the  Hanks  ,.f  the  ""-^  -__  ^-'^^^ 

,„n  for  their  hrst  attack,  they  were  all.)wed  to  a<K  ancc  n.  cr  nc 
„  '  ession  that  they  were  U.yalists.  who  thns  songht  ■'--;'»  /,'; 
shcamn.     This  expediti.m  was  also  i..tcnded  to  nuslead  So   U)  k  rn,to 

;  be  f  that  NeJ  England  was  the  object  of  ""•■K"y"-.;^f;'",';„„„h 
Colonel  naum  was  sent  with  a  body  of  German  grenadic  s,  l.nKhsh 
nu",,  cimulians  and  Indians,  to  n.ake  an  attack  upon  Iie,,nm^on 
and  secure  the  nu.eh  needed  horses  and  provisions.  •'^^  ^^'  ^  ™ 
the  nth  of  August,  and  so  eager  was  General  Durgoyne  n  regard  to 
tc  Inccess  o(  this  a.terprise  that  he  rode  alter  Daun,  to  m.press  h,s 

""'^r;::;;;;c";.lta;i;ton  we^  appn^d  C  Baum^s  appr^n..     U 

-i^ri=i';t  ^:^^t  ^^:^^£i^ 

enta   Army      Stark  immediately  called  out  the  md.t.a  and  rallied  h^ 

r,Sde    hialso  d.spatched  a  message  to  General  ^^^-^n  ^[^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

tor  to  forward  reinforcements.     On  the  mornmg  ol  the  14th  he  marcj^^a 

oui  oi  Bennington.     When  about  six  miles  on  the  road  he  encountered 

the      r^i'^.,  and  a  sharp  skirmish  took  place,  in  which  several  of  the 

enemy   ver;  killed  and  wounded.     Baum  now  posted  ^--f  ^  «"  ^^h;^; 

ad  began  to  entrench  his  camp,  while  he  sent  a  messenger  to  Burgoyne 

for  reinircements.     A  heavy  rain  prevented  an  ^-^-f^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

tcenth  but  there  was  constant  skirmishmg.     The  New  Englanders  now 

thoroughly  aroused  to  the  danger  of  invasion,  flocked  hurriedly  and  m 

large  numbers  to  the  American  camp.  threiteninff 

On  the  morning  of  the  i6th  a  bright  sun  dispersed  all  threatening 

clo.?d  ,  and  Stark,'although  without  artillery  or  bay-et^' P/^^^,^^^^^ 
attack  Baum  in  his  entrenchments.  He  sent  a  detachment  to  the  rear 
of  the  enemy's  left,  and  another  to  the  rear  of  '^^  nght  Simulta 
neously  with  the  attack  from  these  divisions.  Stark,  at  ^he  head  oi  h  s 
column  exclaimed:  "There  are  the  red-coats;  before  mght  they  mu  t 
be  our";  or  Molly  Stark  's  a  widow,"  and  rushed  upon  the  entrenchments 


-mmtr* 


ItA'l'II.i:    OV   S\KATOr,A 


'7 


with  impetuous  fury.  Tlic  ticiiuans  (littiulcd  their  works  steadily  and 
bravely,  hut  the  Canadians  and  Indians  were  soon  driven  in  upon  lluin  ; 
and  the  Americans,  pressin^^  up  to  the  very  mouth  of  the  caimon,  (o-i- 
tinued  the  contest  with  a  frenzied  (ictcrniinalion.  They  captureil  the 
jjuns,  and  forced  the  Provincials  and  Indians  to  retreat  precipitously. 
The  (iernians  had  now  exhausted  their  ammunition;  they  resorted  to 
their  bayonets  and  Inoad-swords.  and  attempted  a  retreat  throuj^di  the 
woods.  The  Americans  pursued  hotly;  many  of  the  enemy  were  killed 
and  wounded,  among  the  former  Colonel  Baum.  All  who  survived  were 
taken  prisoners. 

At  this  critical  moment  Colonel  Breyman  came  upon  the  ground 
with  his  Germans,  and  renewed  the  attack  upon  vStafk's  exhausted 
forces.  Colonel  Warner  now  arrived  from  Bennington  with  his  regi- 
ment, fresh  and  vigorous.  It  was  late  in  the  afternoon  when  this  sec- 
ond action  began ;  it  was  continued  until  dark,  the  enemy  retreating 
slowly,  and  making  a  stand  from  place  to  place.  Stark  followed  up 
his  victory  as  long  as  there  was  a  ray  of  light  to  expose  the  enemy. 
"Another  hour  of  daylight,  and  he  would  have  captured  the  whole 
body."  Breyman  continued  his  retreat  under  cover  of  the  night,  leaving 
his  baggage  and  artillery  in  the  hands  of  the  Americans. 

This  victory,  so  complete  and  inspiriting  to  the  Americans,  was 
equally  disastrous  and  disheartening  to  the  British.  Like  the  glori- 
ous sunshine  of  that  summer  day,  it  ripened  the  growing  fruit  of  pa- 
triotism in  the  hearts  of  the  colonists ;  and  like  the  dreary  night  that 
followed  it,  shadowed  the  despondency  of  the  English,  and  made 
darker  the  forebodings  that  began  to  cluster  around  the  anxious  heart 
of  Burgoyne.  Its  practical  results  were  an  acquisition  of  one  thousand 
stand  of  arms,  and  many  field-pieces.  Nearly  six  hundred  privates  and 
thirty-two  officers  were  made  prisoners  of  war. 

In  the  meantime,  on  the  3d  of  August,  St.  Leger  had  appeared  before 
Fort  Stanwix  and  demanded  its  surrender.  Colonel  Gansevoort  pay- 
ing no  attention  to  this  summons,  St.  Leger  began  to  fortify  his 
camp,  and  bring  forward  his  artillery  through  Wood  Creek,  preparatory 
to  a  regular  siege.  He  also  sent  detachments  in  various  directions  to 
cut  off  the  garrison  from  the  surrounding  country. 

General  Herkimer,  acting  under  Schuyler's  orders,  was  advancing  to 
the  relief  of  Colonel  Gansevoort;  he  sent  messengers  to  apprise  that 
commander  of  his  approach,  and  directed  that  signal  guns  should  be  fired 
upon  the  arrival  of  the  men  in  the  fort ;  a  sortie  was  to  be  made  at  the 
same  time,  and  under  this  diversion  he  would  hasten  forward.     The  mes- 


i 


fi)Tf.2*>»S!S?;  'liV^'T*"*!'- 


19 


llAl  ll.r.    <"•■   SAIiATDCA 


not  approve.  ,    ,      ,    ,.         .,„,u^r  St   LcL't-r,  was  informed  by  »iis  sis- 

tcr   of    Herlcimcrs   approach.       ^v-'  narrow  causway. 

Uerki.ncr's  van-guard  was  ^--";,.  ;  ^^'^  j^,  ,  assailed  them  on 
„,ar  ()risl<any,  the  -""^'^^^^^"^  I'  '^/"u  Jed  several  hc.urs,  the 
,itlK-r  side,  and  a  despe.ate.  -"^'^  ;^^^^  1^,  \  ,,ery.  and  the  Indians 
An^ericans  defending  themselves  ^^ '^  !  J^*;^        "   ;j^.  ^i^,;„„,  „f  the  forest. 

onet,  but  were  steachly  repnlsed.  renewed  more  des- 

A  heavy  rain  checked  the  contest  but  It  vvassoo  ^^^  ^^^^^^^^ 

l--'>i  ^r  ^^^^'  llllS'^^l  G  e!!::  ;:;::cl  ".portunity  to  gratify 
fndits  of  the  war.     Johnson  s  m)ya  ,,„„„,,cnts  were  their  oUl  neiRh- 

„t,y  ,„„g.chcrl.hed  -;--'-•-:;'''■:  Ted  .„  unusual  ferocity. 

^.e-Hf;:::' iSiiiTdHt';:";:..,  ne,,, ...  ^0.  .uppor..  hcan,,, 

secured  and  brought  mto  the  foit^  ^^    ^j^^   National 

Congress  had  just  adopted  the  Stars  ana         i 
ensign.  Stinwix  now  made  an  American  flag  of  a 

One  of  the  officers  at  Ff^^.^^;^"?^  the  blue  field  was  made  of  an  over- 
white  shirt  and  some  bits  of  red  c lotl  ;  »-  ^  ^^^^f  ^^  This  uncouth 
coat  belonging  to  ^-P^^"  ^warto  t  of^D^^^^^^^^^^             ^  y^.^.^,  ^^^^^ard; 

-t-Leger  now  caused  ^^-1-^^^!^^^^^ 
pr'essed  the  seige  and  advanced  his  fines. 


I    'iS 


—TffST 


T 


under 
•  mccs- 
[)lticcrs 
Ih  cow- 
:nt  did 

his  sis- 

WhiU- 

ausvvay, 

beni    on 

)iirs,  the 

Indians 

It!  forest. 

igainst  a 

British 

I  the  bay- 

nore  des- 
to  hand 

to  jj;ratify 

)ld  neigh- 
ferocity. 

rs  hearing 

:hed  Gan- 
,  was  suc- 
lists  were 

;   National 

in  flag  of  a 
of  an  over- 
lis  uncouth 
1  standard ; 
his  ignoble 

rican  losses 

surrender. 

1  St.  Leger 


BATTIK   Ol    SAUATOGA 


19 


On  Mu' tenth  tl;o  officers  were  disiiatched  by  (lansc-voort  to  make 
their  wav  thr.)u;;h  tlic  lines,  and  ohtai'\  assistance  from  Schuyler.  At 
great  risk,  and  after  enduring  many  ha.  Iships,  they  reached  .Stillwater. 
Schuyler  wished  to  respond  iinmrdiately  to  this  demand,  but  many  of 
his  oiVicers  objected;  tin.  urged  the  iin|)rudence  of  lessening  the  force 
with  which  nnrgoyne's  army  must  be  met.  Schuyler  felt  justly  indig- 
nant  with  this  selfish  disregard  of  the  critical  situation  of  the  heroic 
Gansevoort.  He  assumed  the  entire  responsibility  of  forwarding  a  de- 
tachment, and  Arnold  volunteered  his  servi(<'s  for  its  command.  11 J 
was  soon  in  the  valley  of  the  Mohawk  with  eight  hundred  men;  his 
progress  was  not  rapid  enough  to  satisfy  his  impatient  spirit,  which  reach- 
ed forward  in  eager  devices  to  foil  the  enemy,  and  encourage  the  be- 
sieged. He  dispatched  messengers  to  Gansevoort,  assuring  him  of 
relief,  and  with  great  adroitness  caused  rumors  of  the  advance  of  a 
large  force  to  be  circulated  in  St.  Leger's  camp.  These  rumors  were 
repeated  and  exaggerated,  until  the  Iiulian  allies  became  alarmetl  and 
ungovernable.  They  seized  upon  the  blankets  and  other  effects  of  the 
British  officers,  and  commenced  a  hasty  retreat.  St.  Leger,  believing 
the  Americans  were  close  ui)on  him,  left  his  camp,  and  foUowed  his 
retreating  allies,  abandoning  his  guns  and  baggage  to  the  exultant  patri- 
ots, who  were  now  relieved  of  all  ai)prehension.  Arnold  was  forty  miles 
from  Stanwix  at  this  time,  and  upon  hearing  of  the  ignominious  flight 
of  the  British,  retraced  his  steps  to  join  the  army  under  Schuyler. 

This  army  was  rapidly  increasing;  the  long  expected  regiments 
from  the  Highlands  had  arrived  ;  the  New  York  Militia  had  rallied 
nobly ;  and  the  New  Englanders,  excited  by  the  victory  at  Bennington, 
were"  on  their  way  to  the  camp  with  their  jubilant  brigades;  Arnold, 
with  an  auhiented  division,  was  approaching.  The  country  was  buoy- 
ant with  hope,  an  exaggerated  reaction  after  the  depression  of  the  early 
summer.  Schuyler  was  at  last  in  a  position  to  begin  offensive  operations ; 
he  might  now  see  the  development  of  his  well  laid  schemes;  he  would 
soon  be  able  to  point  exultantly  to  the  result  of  his  toil,  his  patience,  to  the 
unappreciated  difficulties  now  conquered.  Such  we  may  imagine  General 
Schuyler's  thoughts,  as  he  sprang  on  his  horse  one  bright  morning  in 
August,  at  the  door  of  his  stately  mansion  in  Albany,  when  about  to 
meet  his  officers  for  a  consultation  in  regard  to  an  advance  movement 
of  his  army.  As  his  charger  moved  restlessly  under  the  rein,  an  officer 
approached  with  an  official  document.  Schuyler,  ever  on  the  alert, 
checked  his  horse  to  examine  the  dispatch.  It  contained  the  resolutions 
of  Congress  that  deprived  him  of  his  command.  This,  in  the  face  of  the 
enemy,  and  at  the  turning  point  of  his  fortunes ! 


1. 


,.  VI  ri  !■;   <^1'   SARATOGA 
20 

,.,„,„t    ^  ♦iv-  lip,  and  a  liftin-  of  the  eyebrows- 

A  n.omentary  "-v    " ^  ;;:;^;  ^  ,,^^,,  ,h,  „outh,  were  the  only  s.gns 

then  a  deepenn.g  <>    the  ^''^l"  ''"^  f^,i  ^^,,  ,,,  the  xvaith.g  oltcer  the 

of  suppressed  eniot.on.     U  ith  a  gi^cU  ^..^d-ciuarters.    Wh  m 

deeply  injured  ComnuandernKlequeUyoto^h^^^^^^^         1^  ^^.^^ 

surrounded  by  his  o.^cers  lu.  expUn.  d  U      d  sp  ^^^^^^^^^^,,     ^^  ^^^^ 
"  Until  the  country  IS  nisafet),  1  shall  ^"  >  ^  ^^^  ^^e  ardu- 

his  word,  and  with  -^^^^^f^^^.^'^^l^^^t^l     In  a  few  days 
ous  duties  of  his  comn.and   ""^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^  ,d-quarters,  where  he  was 

"T::s:;;i:r  Polish  en^^^ 

„„„rc  and  select  a  position  for  «*"^P™1  "f  ,^^,^  „i|e,  above  Stillwater, 
icans.  He  decided  that  0™-";^^'%  :",„„„  afterward  encamped 
rttt'7cc;'r.r?"re    :t"ernclrn,e„ts    constructed    Tor    Its 

"^'th:  defeat  o,  Ban.,  and  t„c  lallnre  ^.  ^^^:^;::^:i:Z 
strokes,  had  paralyzed  the  r.ght  !'"f  ^*^<=^=^^^^^^^^  „(  hi 'army,  amid 
and  l,c  now  struggled  forward  -**;!^'7;~  ]„„„,„  endeavored 
ever  thickenmg  danger,  ^et  ""^l™"*  . '  „  .„,  „(  Gennainc  and  the 
to  carry  out  his  orlglna  design,  and  f^yj^  """Jl^eh.he  dispatched 
King.  Havlngcollectedprov.su,ns  o  a  hr  yd  y^^  ;^  ^^  ^  „„,, 

a  messenger  to  New  York  w,th  e"t.  eat.es  , ,  ^.^ 

{r<„n  that  direction.     He  then  le      Df  """"f''^,,^,,  „„  the  night  of 
steadily  forward  to  the  Batten  Kdl,  where  he  ■^^IZLrc  reluctLt  to 

the  twelfth  of  S^P'""^--  X:t"tfre  rlo,*  himself,  and  on  the 
cross  the  river,  he  assu.ncl  the  '"'"^^  "^^JP°'  ,,^  n^rf^on  on  a  bridge  o( 
,3th  and  .4th  passed  the  whole  army  »^"  '"^  ""^j„„,...  They  con. 
b'oats,  enforcing  his  order  ■■  Th.s  -"1^  _;;^^'  ^^  ^e  ^orth  side  of  Fish 
tinned  their  march  down  t  --.  "d  -c  P ed  o^_^  ,,^  ^.,„th  ,Me  of  the 
Creek.  Here,  n,  s.ght  of  Old  ^".™!"_f,";  "".^pii^^,"  and  with  dramatic 
;;S-He  r  ifftus  ^n;ralh:  Tc-t.-'whih  in  its  progress  has 

^ire'ady  indicated  the  direction  of  -""^ ^'^September,    Bnrgoyne's 
Here  also,   on  the   inght  of   the     4th  I  ^^^___^  ,_.^  ^^^_. 

^Xrl^tft  C^reinr^:^ o-:^-  this  cam,     Perched  in 


'1, 


^4. 


liA-ni.l':   OK   SAKATOUA 


21 


yebrows— 
only  signs 
officer,  the 
;rs.    Wn  ,n 
niply   said: 
•     He  kept 
1  the  arcUi- 
a  few  days 
ere  he  was 
mpled  mag- 

tes  to  recon- 
f  the  Amer- 
Stillwater, 
d  encamped 
ted    for    its 

f  successive 
oyne's  force, 
;  army,  amid 

endeavored 
:iainc  and  the 
le  dispatched 

to  be  made 
ved  his  army 
L  the  night  of 
:  reluctant  to 
if,  and  on  the 
n  a  bridge  of 
'     They  con- 
th  side  of  Fish 
uth  side  of  the 
with  dramatic 
;  progress  has 

r,  Burgoyne's 
later,  his  sur- 
z  battle-field  of 
Lidson,  Colonel 
n.     Perched  in 


the  forks  ot  a  tall  tree,  he  counted  through  his  field-glass  eight  hundred 
tents ;  watched  the  army  prepare  for  and  start  on  its  forward  march,  and 
then  hastened  to  Stillwater  to  make  his  report  to  Gates. 

Burgoyne's  orders  at  this  time  prove  the  intensity  of  his  anxiety,  his 
constan't  anticipation  of  an  attack,  and  his  determination  to  press  on  at 
all  hazards.  On  the  fourteenth  of  September,  they  read,  "  During  the 
next  marches  of  the  army,  the  corps  are  to  move  in  such  a  state  as  to  be 
fit  for  instant  action.  It  is  a  stamiinj^  order  for  the  rest  of  the  campaign, 
that  all  pickets  and  guards  are  under  arms  an  hour  before  daylight,  and 
remain  so  until  it  is  completely  light." 

On  the  hfteenth  he  says,  "  The  army  are  to  maach  in  three  columns, 
after  having  passed  Schu)  ler's  house— The  provisions  to  be  floated  down 
under  the  care  of  Captain  Brown— The  hospitals  to  move  as  quick  as 
carts  can  be  provided  for  them— The  bridge  to  be  broke  up  and  floated 
down  immediately  after  the  army  is  marched."  And  later  in  the  day,  at 
Dovogat,  "  The  whole  line  to  lie  accoutred  to-night." 

Here,  at  Dovogat,  he  remained  two  days,  while  his  working  parties 
repaired  bridges  and  otherwise  cleared  the  way  for  his  artillery  and 
baggage.  Quietness  and  gloom  hung  about  the  heavy  columns  of  his 
army.  No  drums  were  beat,  or  trumpets  sounded ;  mysteriously,  labori- 
ously and  persistently  this  strictly  disciplined  army  was  held  to  its  course 
by  the  dogged  determination  and  the  impelling  will  of  its  commander. 
Orders  were  rigid  and  imperious.  "The  first  soldier  caught  beyond 
the  advance  sentries  of  the  army  will  be  instantly  hung.  -The  baggage 
will  remain  loaded,  as  the  army  will  march  as  soon  as  the  bridges  are 
repaired,"  and  at  Sword's  house  on  the  seventeenth,  his  orders  read, 
"  The  whole  army  to  lie  accoutred,  and  be  under  arms  before  daybreak, 
and  continue  so  until  it  clears  up." 

The  position  chosen  for  the  American  camp,  where  G:>;:es  had 
determined  to  await  an  attack,  was  on  a  spur  of  hills  that  approached  the 
river  bank.  At  their  base,  on  the  river,  stood  Bemis'  house,  used  by 
Gates  as  head-quarters  for  a  few  days ;  he  afterwards  moved  on  the  hill. 
Earthworks  were  thrown  across  the  narrow  meadow  between  the  hill 
and  the  river ;  they  covered  the  old  road,  and  the  bridge  of  boats  com- 
municating with  the  east  side  of  the  Hudson.  The  heights  were  to  the 
north  and  west.  Breastworks  were  projected  toward  the  north,  m  a 
semi-circle,  for  three-quarters  of  a  mile.  Redoubts  were  established  at 
intervals.  A  barn  built  of  heavy  logs,  belonging  to  the  Neilson  farm, 
which  lay  within  the  works,  was  converted  into  a  rude  but  strong  forti- 
fication.    A  thickly  wooded  ravine  formed  a  natural  defense  along  the 


.  .       H 


UATTl.K   OF   SARATOGA 

A  Mill  Creek  swept  throujrh  a  deeper  ravine,  a  little 

Learned  occupied  the  elc'vated  plam  ^^  ^™'«^;      „,„3t„„t,^  skirmishing 

An,o,d,  with  fi'--,,^!"-  i  on  ^"  ™"y  »'  '■'-  »'>-"  r- 
with  the  enemy,  and  *"*"'='*' ^•"f,"^..,  constantly  harassed,  and  often 
cise  orders  issued  by  HurRoyne,  who  "»^  "»^'^  /        ,  ^^^^j  ^ty. 

compelled  to  use  a  «,^'>';. -S^Xord's  Cse    where  he  encamped. 
On    the   seventccntli    he  \\as   at   swoit 

and  prepared  for  battle.  •„     ^f  the  nineteenth  of  September, 

At  eleven  o'clock  on  the  mornmg  oi  ^  j^j^  ^is  army 

General  Bur.oyne  -;^-';-^^,^:;lt^^^^^  an'd  composed  of 

r;s.s:::^-n"^:i.=;s^ 

I'O^t^-  J  r>       Kr,nr.'c  rnrns    made  a  detour  far  to  the 

we^;::::i  e"- -  p"  t--- '°-  '^—' 

•marched  toward  the  heights  on  the  ngl-t  p_.^^^^,^ 

The  '^«'^'^;^X^;:^:^:ZJL^  camp.  The  Cana- 
divisions  ni  the  rear  o(  the  'e'™g  .,,„ti„n  ol  the  Americans  in  (ront, 
,ians  .,d  l"-)'-'^;;;-  ^thf  rel  of  rZerican  left  by  his  circuitous 
whi.e  brazer  would  get  m  tne  rear       Burgoyne  would 

route  through  the  woods;   at  a  P^^"'  "^  ^'^^  f,"td  PhiUips  would 
make  a  simultaneous  attack  m  *=  front     R  edcse    a  P^^^^^  ^^^^ 

-  oli:t:  told  ofthe  near  ^^ -j;;-^^::^^:::-^^. 

to  meet  or  prepare  for  them,     t^^^^^^y  >  f     ,     hovering  Indians  to 

j;:^;;;::trr  fo^  ^:;z:^<:^fr '" "'"'"" '" 

Brit,sh,  Burgoyne-s  plan  '^^^^^  --^tre  restless  and  cage. 
The  American  regiments  behmd  their  "or^^  ^       (^ey 

(or  the  contest,  and  no  f  ""-^7'■^*  ^  P^      Morga"  led  the  way 
assailed  the  enemy  with  «^'^f  ^'^  "XTn;    .rces  with  such  rapidity, 

- ;:  :=;:i^:J::^^  1-' -nr  i:S  t;s 


BATTLE   OF   SARATOGA 


23 


;,  a  little 
lills  and 
sion,  the 
iver,  ana 

rmishing 
larp,  con- 
incl  often 
ng  party, 
ncamped, 

jptember, 

his  army 

ciposcd  of 

1  the  river 

far  to  the 
centre  and 

d  Frazer's 
The  Cana- 
ns  in  front, 
;  circuitous 
yne  would 
lips  would 
■  would  cut 
gain  an  ad- 

e  no  orders 
i  importuni, 
r  Indians  to 
jpulse  of  the 

3S  and  eaget 
e  than  they 
ed  the  way 
.ch  rapidity, 
IS  shrill  whis, 
Arnold  with 
nt  of  Frazer 


from  the  main  army ;  Frazer  at  the  same  time  was  endeavoring  to  reach 
the  American  rear.     Both  striving  for  the  same  object,  and  tlicir  move- 
ments screened  by  the  heavy  forest,  tiicy  met  unexpectedly   near  Mill 
Creek,  a  few  yards  west  of  Freeman's  cottage.  A  furious  contest  followed. 
Arnold  led  with  his  usual  spirit,  while  Morgan  seemed  endowed  with 
the  strength  and  ubiquity  of  a  forest  demi-god  ;   with  his  active,  intelli-    • 
gent  corps,  he  struck  blow  after  blow,  his  men  scattering  like  leaves  of 
the  autumn  before  a  gust  of  the  British  bayonets,  only  to  close  again  and 
follow  up  their  advantage.     Assailing   Breyman's  guns,  they  captured 
a  cannon,  and  were  carrying  it  from  the  field  when  Morgan's  horse  was 
shot  under  him;   heavy  reinforcements  came  to  relieve  Frazer;  Gates 
still  withheld  assistance,  and  they  were  scattered  once  more.     Arnold 
and  Morgan  now  made  a  rapid  counter  march  against  Frazer's  left,  and 
in  this  movement  encountered  the  whole  English  line  under  Burgoyne, 

They  were  now  reinforced  with  four  regiments,  and  made  so  vigor- 
ous and  resolute  an  attack  that  they  were  on  the  point  of  severing  the 
wings  of  the  British  army,  when  Phillips  came  forward  with  his  artill- 
ery, and  the  Americans  were  forced  back  within  their  lines.  It  \vas 
now  three  o'clock,  and  a  lull  occurred  in  the  contest.  The  two  armies 
lay  each  upon  a  hillside,  that  sloped  toward  a  ravine,  which  separated 
them.  With  the  reinforcements  conceded  to  Arnold,  his  force  did  not 
exceed  three  thousand  men  ;  yet,  with  this  number,  for  four  hours,  he 
sustained  an  unequal  conflict  with  the  choicest  English  regiments,  in- 
spired by  every  sentiment  that  ambition  or  desperation  could  awaken, 
and  commanded  by  many  of  the  most  accomplished  and  brave  officers 
of  the  English  Army. 

Steadily  the  Patriots  received  charge  after  charge  of  the  dreaded 
English  bayonets;  then,  emboldened  by  their  own  endurance,  they 
pushed  upon  the  enemy  in  a  fierce  attack,  to  be  driven  again  toward 
their  own  lines.  While  victory  seemed  thus  to  sway  back  and  forth 
over  the  little  stream,  which  hid  its  crystal  waters  under  the  crimson  flood 
that  now  crept  over  it,  and  while  the  Americans  held  the  ascendancy, 
Riedesel  came  over  the  field  at  double-quick  with  his  heavy  Germans, 
and  pressed  the  exhausted  Americans  back  once  more.  It  was  now 
dark;  they  gathered  up  their  wounded -and  prisoners,  and  retired  to 

their  camp. 

The  American  loss  in  killed  and  wounded  was  about  three  hundred, 
and  the  British  nearly  double  that  number.  The  latter  held  the  field, 
and  claimed  a  vl<.t.ory ;  it  was  worse  than  barren  to  them.  Foiled  in 
their   main  object,  they  were  now  burdened  with  many  wounded;  they 


ie?^i^ii^'i^  -  .*  ■■■■. 


,;f«»«ii!^*i^!rt 


24 


I'.ATTl.K   Ol-    SARATOGA 


had  tested  the  strength  of  the  Americans,  and  were  convinced  that 
Ihcirown  advantages  of  discipline  and  bayonets  were  perfectly  ccmn- 
terpoised  by  the  enthusiasm  and  courage  of  the  Patnots.  1  he  Bn  . 
who  bivouaced  on  the  field,  were  harassed  until  midnight  by  laigc 
skirmishing  parties  of  the  Americans,  and  were  under  arms  in  expecta- 

tion  of  an  attack  in  force. 

Arnold  urged  the  importance  of  this  attack  with  such  vehemence 
that  Gates  to.tk  serious  offense,  although  he  failed  to  tell  Arnold  that  he 
was  short  of  ammunition-lhe  reason  afterwards  given  lor  his  re  usal 
to  follow  up  the  advantage  of  the  previous  day.  In  his  report  of  the 
battle  to  Congress,  he  refrained  from  mentioning  Arnold  s  name.  1  his 
led  to  a  further  c,uan-el,  and  Arnold  was  deprived  of  his  command. 
Gates  continued  to  strengthen  the  defenses  of  his  camp,  while  his  army 

daily  increased  in  numbers.  ,  ,     ,     i      ■      i   .., 

Burgoyne  encamped  his  whole  army  on  the  ground  he  had  gained  on 
the  nineteenth,  and  protected  it  with  strong  entrenchments.     Four  re- 
doubts were  constructed  on  the  river  hills,  at  the  place  now  cctl led  Wil- 
bur's Basin.     This  was  the  northern  extremity  of  a  narrow  alluvial  flat 
that'extended  to  Bemis  House,  two  miles  hcUnv  ;  it  widened  in  the  cen- 
tre and  narrowed  again  at  this  point,  where  the  hills  lay  very  near  the 
rver      On  its  banks  were  the  hospitals;   they  and  the  batteaux  were 
covered  by  a  battery  and  earthworks;  similar  defenses  were  extended 
toward  the  west  for  nearly  a  mile  to  Frazer's  camp  which  was  posted 
Tthe  heights  near   Freeman's   farm.      North  ot  that  again  a  strong 
semi-circular  redoubt  was  occupied   by  Breyman  s  artillery ;  this  pro- 
tected the  right  flank  of  the  entire  camp;  the  north  branch  of   Mil 
Creek  formed  a  ravine  along  the  left  front  of  the  camp,  which  thus  as 
in  other  particulars,  resembled  the  entrenched  camp  of  the  Americans^ 
Strongly  and  skillfully  posted,  the  two  armies  lay  face  to  face  from 
the  twentieth  of  September  until  the  seventh  of  October. 

"  The  hum  of  either  army  stilly  sounds. 
That  the  fixed  sentinels  almost  receive 
The  secret  whispers  of  each  other's  watch. 
Fire  answers  fire;  and  through  their  paly  flames- 
Each  battle  sees  the  other's  umbered  face. 
Steed  threatens  steed,  in  high  and  boastful  neighs 
Piercing  the  night's  dull  ear;  and  from  the  tents, 
Rise  dreadful  note  of  preparation." 

Our  army  was  exultant,  hopeful;  scarcely  ^o  ^e  checked  in  its  res^ 

less  desire  to  drive  the  invader  from  the  f-"^^"^^^'^:,^"^/^  '/''h 
homes  he  desecrated  and  destroyed.     Rushing  out  from  their  entrench- 


TfATTI.p:    or   SARATOC.A 


2$ 


ments  under  every  plausible  excuse  to  skirnush  with  the  outposts  of  the 
enemv,  or  capture  his  pickets,  Iheea^er  militia  could  with  d.t hculty  be 
restrained  bv  the  cautious  Gates  from  brin!,nnjjj  on  the  general  engage- 
ment that  he  seemed  quite  willing  to  avoid.  ,  ,  r  •. 
The  other  camp  seemed  oppressed  by  the  overhangmg  cloud  of  its 
impending  fate.  The  British  officers,  perpetually  on  the  ah  rt,  were  mi- 
able  to  secure  a  single  night  of  undisturbed  repose:  the  men  bore  with 
qniet  but  sullen  fortitude  the  privations  and  hardships  of  short  rations, 
hurried  snatches  of  sleep  under  full  accoutrements,  and  constant  calls  to 
arms  More  and  more  vivid  to  all  grew  the  vision  of  that  mipassable 
wall  of  difficulties  that  enclosed  them  on  all  sides,  leaving  but  one  nar- 
row pathway  to  the  north  ;  and  even  that  was  being  closed  by  an  active 
detachment  of  Americans  from  Lincoln's  command.  1  hey  had  sur- 
prised the  British  garrisons  at  Lake  George  and  Ticonderoga,  and  had 
regained  all  the  outer  defences  of  the  latter  place;  had  captured  gun- 
boats and  batteaux,  and  taken  three  hundred  prisoners. 

News  of  this  calamity  soon  reached  Burgoyne,  yet  he  had  some 
compensation  in  a  gleam  of  hope  that  reached  him  from  the  South  at  the 
same  time.  A  letter  from  Sir  Henry  Clinton  was  received,  informing 
him  that  on  the  twentieth  he  would  attack  the  forts  below  the  High- 
lands, and  attempt  a  further  ascent  of  the  river.  Two  officers  m  dis- 
guise were  immediately  dispatched  in  return  to  inform  Clinton  of  the 
critical  position  of  Burgoyne's  army,  and  urge  him  t(^  hasten  to  its 
assistance.  Clinton  was  also  assured  that  Burgoyne  would  endeavor  to 
hold  his  present  position  until  the  twelfth  of  October. 

Lincoln,  who,  with  a  large  body  of  militia,  now  joined  the  army  at  Bemis 
Heio-hts,  was  placed  in  command  of  the  right  wing.  Gates  took  command 
of  the  left,  of  which  Arnc^ld  had  been  dispossessed.  The  latter  had  remain- 
ed in  camp,  waiting  patiently  for  a  collision  between  the  hostile  armies. 
As  Burgoyne's  situation  became  day  by  day  more  critical,  and  he 
received  no  news  from  Clinton,  on  the  fourth  of  October  he  called  Gen- 
erals Riedesel,  Phillips  and  Frazer  together  in  council.  Riedesel  was 
stroncrly  in  favor  of  a  retreat  to  Fort  Edward,  and  Frazer  conceded  the 
wisdom  of  such  a  movement;  Phillips  declined  to  express  an  opinion, 
and  Burgoyne  finally  declared  that  on  the  seventh  he  would  make  a  recon- 
noissance,  and  if  he  then  found  the  enemy  too  strong  to  be  attacked,  he 
would  immediately  retreat  to  Fort  Edward,  and  await  the  cooperation 

of  the  army  below. 

On  the  sixth  he  had  i^ve  days'  rations  distributed,  and  arranged  for 
i.  reconnoissance  in  force  on  the  following  day.     As  he  could  not  leave 


,  .Pf^^^.'SfS^SKiSfeiilK-N-^tt^sT^ 


26 


HATTl-E   OF   SARATOGA 


bis  camp  unprotected,  he  only  took  fifteen  hundred  men.  They 
were  selected  from  the  corps  of  Riedesel,  Frazer  and  Flnllips.  Led  by 
these  officers  in  person,  and  Burj^oyne  as  Commander-m-Chief,  they 
marched  out  of  camp  at  eleven  o'clock  on  the  mornmj;  of  the  seventh, 
and  entered  a  field  within  three-quarters  of  a  mile  of  the  American 
left.     Here,  in  double  ranks,  they  formed  in  line  of  battle. 

On  the  left  Williams'  artillery  and  Ackland's  jrrenadicrs  were  posted, 
on  a  j,rentle  hill  in  the  edge  of  a  wood  that  fronted  on  Mill  Creek.  Bal- 
carras"  light  infantry  and  other  English  regiments  formed  the  right: 
the  Messiahs  held  the  centre.  Frazer,  with  five  hundred  picked  men, 
was  posted  to  the  right  and  front  of  Balcarras,  where  a  hill  skirted  the 
meadow  ;  he  was  ready  to  fall  upon  the  rear  of  the  American  left  at  the 

first  attack  in  front.  ^      ,■  ,      rr 

Foragers  were  at  work  in  a  wheat  field,  while  the  English  officers 
reconnortred  the  American  left  with  their  glasses  from  the  top  of  a 
cabin  near  the  field.  An  aid-de-camp  conveyed  this  information  to 
Gates,  who  said :  "  Order  out  Morgan  to  begin  the  game." 

Morgan  had  already  discovered  Frazcr's  position,  had  divined  his 
design  and  formed  his  own  plan.  Ordering  an  attack  to  be  made  on 
Balcarras  in  front,  he  made  a  circuit  in  th&  woods  to  fall  upon  Frazer 
from  the  heights  above.  It  was  also  arranged  that  General  Poor  should 
assail  the  grenadiers  on  the  British  left  simultaneously  with  Morgan  s 
attack      Learned  was  to  check  the  Germans  in  the  centre. 

As"  the  great  Hudson,  when  suddenly  loosened  from  his  winter 
chains  of  ice,  rushes  with  resistless  force  over  all  obstructions,  so  from 
their  restraining  earthworks  the  impetuous  Americans  poured  furiously 
upon  their  adversaries  in  the  front,  while  Morgan,  like  a  mountain  torrent, 
•  swept  down  the  height  upon  Frazer's  heroic  band.  So  terrible  was  the 
onslauo-ht  that  in  less  than  twenty  minutes  the  British  were  thrown  into 
confuston.  Frazer,  in  his  brilliant  uniform,  on  a  splendid  war  horse, 
rode  from  side  to  side  of  the  right  wing,  encouraging  and  rallying  the 
bewildered  troops,  and   protecting   every   point  with  his  flexible   hve 

hundred.  ,  ,    .  ,    , 

Burgoyne,  seeing  the  right  wing  in  danger  of  being  surrounded,  now 
ordered' Frazer  to  form  a  second  line  to  cover  a  retreat.  In  attempting 
this  manoeuvre  Frazer  fell  mortally  wounded,  and  was  carried  from  the 

field.  .        ,  .        •  1    1    J 

The  division  under  Poor,  with  the  same  impulsive  vigor,  dashed  up 
the  hill  upon  the  artillery  and  grenadiers  of  the  British  left,  and  u:C-e 
them  from  their  guns.     Ackland  brought  them  back,  and  recapturcvi  the 


-j:C1 


HATTLK   OF   SARATOGA 


VJ 


to 


guns,  which  a<^ain  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Americans,  who  rapidly 
turned  them  upon  the  enemy,  and  drove  them  Hyin^^  from  the  field. 
Ackland  was  wounded  in  botli  lej;s.  He  was  a  lar<re,  heavy  man,  but 
an  officer  toolt  him  on  his  back,  and  ran  some  distance  with  hun.  1  he 
pursuit  was  close,  and  the  officer,  fearinfr  he  would  be  captured,  drop- 
ped his  friend,  and  hurried  on.  Ackland  now  called  out  to  the  flying 
men  that  he  would  give  fifty  guineas  to  any  man  who  woidd  carry  him 
into  camp.  A  tall  grenadier  took  him  on  his  shoulders,  but  hatl  not 
proceeded   many   steps  when   he   and   his  helpless  burden   were   taken 

prisoners. 

The  Hessians  still  held  their  ground  in  the  centre.  At  this  moment 
Arnold,  maddened  by  his  injuries,  and  excited  into  frenzy  by  the  clash 
and  roar  of  the  battle,  dashed  like  a  meteor  on  the  field,  followed  in  the 
distance  by  Armstrong,  Gates'  aid-de-camp,  carrying  orders  to  compel 
his  return.  Stop  the  bison  on  his  native  plain?  the  swallow  on  its 
flight?  More  easy  this  than  Armstrong's  task.  The  genius  of  war 
thrilled  Arnold's  soul,  as  epic  metres  stir  the  poet,  as  rugged  landscapes, 
shadowed  under  sunset  lights,  influence  the  artist's  brain.  Genius  ever 
lives  and  conquers !  It  may  be  desecrated  and  destroyed,  as  Arn()ld 
buried  his  in  ignominy  ;  but  while  it  lives  and  inspires  its  own  peculiar 
work,  it  rules  and  is  supreme.  Men  bow  before  it,  or  lie  crushed  be- 
neath its  power.  Thus,  when  Arnold  waved  his  sword,  and  shouted  his 
brief  commands,  the  genius  within  him  rung  through  the  tones  of  his 
voice,  glanced  from  the  quivering  flash  of  his  sabre,  and  the  regiments 
followed  where  he  led— one  strong  will,  one  palpitating  force. 

With  two  brigades  he  rushed  upon  the  Hessian  centre,  who  stood 
the  shock  bravely  for  a  time,  but  as  he  dashed  upon  them  again  and 
again  with  a  fury  they  had  never  witnessed,  they  turned  and  fled  in  dis- 
may. 

Burgoyne  now  took  command  in  person,  and  the  conflict  became 
general  along  the  whole  line.  Arnold  and  Morgan,  uniting  to  break  a  strong 
point  in  the  British  ranks,  would  again  separate  to  dash  from  one  place 
to  another,  where  orders  or  encouragement  were  necessary.  Burgoyne 
succeeded  Frazer  as  the  conspicuous  figure  on  the  opposing  side,  and  was 
seen  in  the  thickest  of  the  melee,  under  the  heaviest  fire.  Several  shots 
tore  his  clothing,  and  his  aids  implored  him  not  to  expose  himself,  but 
resolute  and  daring,  he  endeavored  skillfully,  but  vainly,  to  rally  his 
army,  and  hold  his  ground.  He  could  more  easily  have  checked  a  hur- 
ricane on  the  great  prairies;  his  whole  force  was  driven  before  the 
storrn,  and  swept  into  their  entrenched  camp.     Here  they  made  a  deter- 


*ii^i£^--"^-'=l"- 


28 


IiA'!"n.i:   <il'    SARA'IOOA 


mined  stand      Arnold  n.nv  took   Patterson's  brigade  and  assailed  Fra- 
•    cm      wlu-re   Hakarras   and    his   li,d,t  infantry  had  taken  refuse 
Gu^S^^wUh  renewed  vigor  again  and  again  up  ^^  l^j'^^^;^ 
k.  I  the  way  over  a  strong  abattis;  driven  back  from  this  he  a  tacked 
,0  cntrenchn.ents  connecting  this  redoubt  with  Breytnan's  Hank  de  enee. 
Icrc  he  snc  ceded,  and  leaving  the  Massachusetts  regnuents  to  f.^.nv 
UP    L  ad     nta>.-  a   that  point,  he  encountered  a  part  of  Learned  s  br,g- 
e    an    d'hc^^l  upon  the  strong  works  of  the  Hessian  can,p       Ilcre, 
tn  he  drove  everything  before  hin.     Capturing  the  cannon,  the  artdl- 
e     t     fle^^^^^^^  I^-y--  --  killed  on  the  spot.     Ar- 

nold's horse  was  shot  under  him  ;  it  fell  on  him,  and  h.s  leg  was  severely 
wounded.     1  le  was  carried  from  the  held.  •         v         •     „e 

The  whole  British  camp  now  lay  exposed  to  the  pursmng  Americans 
Nhd'  am   silence  fell  upon  the  scene.     The  groans  of  the  woundec.    1  e 
m  it   ed  words  of  command  given  for  the  burial  of  the  dead  and  the 
d    !eUkrw  ilingof  the  autruun  wind  in  the  tall  pines,  were  the  only 
ids  that  followed  the  roar  of  artillery  and  the  shouts  of  the  victors. 

"  A  thousand  glorious  actions,  tliat  might  claim 
Triumpliant  laurels,  ami  ininiorlal  fame. 
Confused  in  clouds  of  glorious  actions  lie,^^ 
And  troops  of  heroes  undistinguished  die." 

Ah  vcs'  the  f^eld  of  Saratoga  is  rich  with  the  blood  of  heroes. 
Wht  k,^ "he  few  names  we  have  recorded  compared  with  the  unnum- 
bered  hosts  wh<3  lie  under  the  placid  hills  of  the  ""^son ^  r  -^^o  Per^ 
formed  upon  this  f^eld  unnoticed  deeds  of  valor,  and  passed  through  hfc 

""^hS.rbl«W  on  the  heights,  confusion  ajul  sorrowreigned 
in  and  around  the  British  camp  nearthe  river      The  Baroness  Rteck^.el, 
who,  with  her  little  children,  had  pined  her  husband  at  F^'-t  ^xlward, 
Td  remained  with  the  army,  was  living  at  Taylor  s  house,  a^-^  V^^^ 
bur's  Basin.     She  had  breakfasted  with  her  husband  at  h.s  -n^p  on  the 
heights,  and  having  returned  home,  was  awa.tmg  his  '-^"^^I,^^;'*\  \;^^^; 
erat  Frazer  and  other  officers,  who  were  to  dme  with  her.     These  pkas 
ant  anticipations  were  supplanted  by  grief  and  terror  when  at  about 
two  o'clock.  General   Fra.er  was  brought  in  on  a  htter,  desperate  y 
wtuinded.     The  table,  which  had  been  spread  for  dinner,  was  hastily 
put  aside,  and  a  bed  prepared  for  him.     He  asked   the    surgeon    to   m 
form  him  truly  of  his  condition,  and  when  told  he  could  ^^^^  J^ut  a  17^ 
hours,  he  exclaimed:  "  O,  fatal  ambition!     Poor   General   Burgoyne. 
My  p;orwife!"     These  brief  words  express  forcibly  the  desires,  the 
thoughts,  and  the  affections  of  this  brave  man. 


5  1 


--i. 


BATTLE   <)1'   SAkA  |ii(,A 


-0 


The  Baroness,  with  her  children  and  servants,  and  the  wives  of  Ma- 
jor IIaniaj;e  and  Lieutenant  Re)  iiell,  clustered  despairingly  to-;etlur  in 
one  corner  of  the  room  where  the  dyin*;  General  lay.  The  wliolc  house 
was  now  filled  with  the  wounded,  and  Madame  Ricdcsel  soon  recov- 
ering her  composure,  was  actively  engaged  in  relieving  their  sulfer- 
ings  and  comforting  her  aillicted  companions.  Information  had  lu'cn 
brought  that  Major  I  larnage  was  wounded,  and  that  Lieutenant  Rey- 
nell  had  been  killed.  Lady  Ackland  occupied  a  tent  near  by,  and  was 
soon  informed  that  her  husband  was  mortally  wounded  and  a  prisoner. 
Frequently  during  the  succeeding  night  the  Baroness  left  her  sleeping 
children,  and  went  to  the  tent  of  her  friend,  to  tell  her  of  more  encourag- 
ing rumors  ;  and  she  finally  advised  her  to  obtain  permission  to  join  her 
husband  in  the  American  camp. 

At  daybreak  Madame  Riedesel  was  informed  that  General  Frazer 
was  in  his  death  agony  ;  she  wrapped  her  children  in  the  bedclothes,  and 
carried  them  in  the  hall,  until  the  last  sad  scene  should  close.  Then,  re- 
turning to  the  room,  she  and  her  companions  were  all  day  long  in  the 
presence  of  the  sheeted  dead. 

After  midnight  General  Lincoln  from  the  American  camp  marched 
on  the  battle  f^eld  with  a  large  body  of  fresh  troops,  to  replace  the  ex- 
hausted victors  of  the  previous  day.     Burgoyne,  aware  of  his  danger  if 
attacked  in  his  exposed  position,  now  moved  his  whole  army  hurriedly, 
but  in  good  order,  to  the  river  bank.     Here,  in  gloomy  desperation,  they 
were  crowded  together  under  the  redoubts,  on  the  morning  of  the  eighth. 
The  whole  of  this  day  was  spent  in  heavy  skirmishing  between  the 
hostile  armies,  and  General  Lincoln,  who  had  not  been  on  the  field  dur- 
ing the   seventh,    was   now   slightly  wounded.      At  six  o'clock  in  the 
evening,  General   Burgoyne,  with  Generals  Riedesel  and  Phillips   and 
Mr.  Brudenell,  the  chaplain,  accompanied  the  remains  of  General  Frazer 
to  a  large  redoubt  on  one  of  the  river  hills,  where  they  buried  him,  ac- 
cording to  his  dying  request.     The  ladies  at  Taylor's  house  witnessed 
the   funeral,  and  saw  the  cannon  balls  thrown  by  the  Americans  tear 
up  the  earth  around  the  grave,  while  the  funeral  service  was  being  read. 
In   a  few  moments  the  balls  ceased  their  flight,  and  the  cannon  only 
bellowed  forth  the  melancholy  roar  of  the  minute   guns.     Gates   had 
been  informed  of  the  sad  office  in  progress;  a  graceful  token  of  a  sol- 
dier's sympathy. 

Soon  after  this  sad  scene.  Lady  Ackland,  with  the  Chaplain,  her  maid 
and  her  husband's  valet  were  placed  in  a  small  boat  and  rowed  down  the 
river  to  the  American  camp,  wdierc  she  was  soon  united  with  her  hus- 
band, whose  wounds,  though  serious,  were  not  fatal. 


'   i!  I 


30 


ItAiri.l-,   (i|-   SARATOGA 


liiuj^ovne  now  f^avc  orders  for  a  full  retreat  of  his  army,  to  he^^iii  at 
nine  o'clock  that  same  ni^lit,  the  wouiuled  and  all  heavy  baj^j^aj^e  to  be 
left  hchiiid.  (n-neral  Riedesel  was  ordered  to  lead  the  van-^uard,  and 
push  on  until  he  crossed  the  Hudson  at  the  SaratoLja  ford,  and  there  take 
a  position  behind  the  hills  at  the  IJatten  kill.  A  drcnchinj^  rain  poured 
upon  the  weary,  ploddin}^  army  the  whole  nij^ht.  At  Dovoi^at  a  h;ut 
was  made.  lJurL(oync  wavered  and  countermanded  his  orders.  I  lis  last 
chance  of  retreat  escaped  him. 

"  111  lul|ik'>s  irulc'cisions  lit', 
The  nicks  nil  wliicli  Wf  strike  .-iiul  die.'' 

The  impcri(His  commander,  who  had  led  the  forward  march  with  un- 
flinching resolution,  pushinjjf  to  his  end  without  fear  or  hesitation,  when 
foiled  and  sent  back,  for  a  moment  shuddered,  and  refused  to  accept  his 
fate.  lie  still  held  his  panic-striken  army  under  his  will,  and  he  deter- 
mined once  more  to  wait  for  thecominjj^of  thearmy  from  below  ;  it  might 
yet  bring  him  relief.  Starting  from  Uovogat  at  daybreak,  the  Brii;  .h 
moved  again,  but  only  to  encamp  during  the  day  on  the  heights  north  of 
the  Fish  kill.  The  handsome  residence  of  General  Schuyler  was  burred 
on  the  way.  During  this  time  Colonel  Fellows,  with  the  American 
artillery,  had  planted  his  guns  on  the  hills  on  the  east  side  of  the  Hudson, 
opposite  the  British  camp.  General  Stark  had  also  taken  possession  of 
Fort  Edward  above.  On  the  tenth  General  Gates,  having  waited  for  fine 
weather,  followed  Burgoyne  to  Saratoga  and  encamped  on  the  south 
side  of  the  Fish  kill.  His  delay  greatly  endangered  tl. ;  detachment  of 
Colonel  Fellows,  who  could  easily  have  been  surrounded  and  captured  ; 
in  fact,  some  of  Burgoyne's  officers  were  anxious  to  make  the  attempt, 
but  failed  to  obtain  permission.  On  the  morning  of  the  eleventh,  while 
the  autumn  mist  hung  heavily  over  Fish  kill  and  the  adjacent  grounds, 
Gates,  believing  that  Burgoyne  had  continued  his  retreat,  ordered  his 
whole  army  to  advance  and  cross  the  stream  in  pursuit.  Without  a 
reconnoissance  or  van-guard,  the  army  was  set  in  motion.  The  vigilant 
Burgoyne,  having  now  staked  his  chances  on  delay,  was  waiting  eagerly 
for  any  mistake  on  the  part  of  his  adversary.  Aware  of  the  proximity 
of  Gates,  and  of  his  intention,  he  drew  ud  his  army,  under  cover  of  the 
dense  fog  in  battle  array,  on  the  north  side  of  the  stream,  to  receive  him. 
The  American  regiments  under  Nixon  passed  over  and  were  instantly 
attacked  ;  a  severe  contest  followed,  and  Nixon  soon  discovered  the  British 
in  force ;  using  his  own  judgment,  and  disobeying  orders,  he  retreated, 
and  checked  the  further  progress  of  the  army  until  communication  could 
be  had  with  Gates. 


r 


JiA 


j^ 


..,.ymm^i*f*»  '  im  miiiMii 


ItAiri.r.   OK   SARATOGA 


3i 


Morgan  had  crossed  tin-  creek  t..\v:irds  Saratoga  Lake  and,  screera.l 
by  the  woods,  posted  lus  rilUmen  on  the  hei-hts  in  the  rear  ami 
tt-mk  of  tlie  British  cainp.  This  was  strongly  intrenched  on  the  lull  near 
the  river  but  was  now  entirely  surrounded  by  the  Patriots,  and  all  com. 
munication  destroyed  either  with  the  north  or  south;  and  it  was  s<.on 
huuid  by  the  British  that  their  canip  was  exposed  \n  every  part  to  the 
hre  ol  can.ion  or  rillenien ;  no  approach  to  the  river  was  permitted  an( 
there  was  much  suffering  for  want  of  water.  The  sick,  wounded  and 
w<.men  were  huddled  to-ether  in  a  Imusc  where  cann.m  balls  torethrou-h 
the  walls  and  roMed  across  the  Ih.or,  often  woundm-  the  iielpless 
men  who  lay  within.  Madame  Riedesel.  with  her  children,  and  the  other 
ladies  took  refu-e  in  a  cellar,  where  hours  of  horror  were  endured 
with  unccjmplaininj?  misery.  r^      ,      i     . 

Sir  Henry  Clinton,  havinj;  obtained  reinforcements  from  hiifrlancl,  at 
last'camc  storming  up  the  Hudson  as  thouf,di  he  would  annihilate  all  ob- 
stacles between  himself  and  Bursoyne.  1  le  obtained  possession  o  Ports 
MontLmmcry  and  Clinton,  although  they  were  m()st  couraj;e(.usly  defend- 
ed by  Gov  George  Clinton  and  his  brother  James,  who  very  skillfully 
saved  their  garrisons.  The  British  easily  destroyed  the  obstructing 
boom  across  the  river,  and  Putnam,  deceived  and  alarmed  by  their 
manoeuvres,  left  the  enemy  to  sail  unmolested  to  Albany.  Satisfied  with 
the  destruction  of  the  American  vessels,  and  having  burned  Kingston, 
the  seat  of  the  Government,  and  ravaged  the  stately  manor  houses  of 
Livingston  and  other  aristocratic  republicans,  the  Englishman  returned 
to  New  York,  and  left  Burgoyne  unassisted  in  his  perilous  position. 

He  had  now  only  five  days  rations  for  his  army,  and  not  a  spot  where 
he  could  hold  a  council  of  officers  in  safety.     On  the  13th  he  called  them 
together  to  consider  their  desperate  condition,  and  there  "  General  Bur- 
goyne solemnly  declared,  that  no  one  but  himself  should  answer  for  the 
situation  in  which  the  army  found  itself."     Three  questions  were  then 
submitted  for  their  consideration.     "  ist.  Whether  military  history  fur- 
nished any  example  of  an  army  having  capitulated  under  similar  circum- 
stances     2d    Whether  the  capitulation  of  an  army  placed  in  such  a  situa- 
tion would  be  disgraceful.     3d.  Whether  the  army  was  actually  in  such  a 
situation  as  to  be  obliged  to  capitulate."     These  were  answered  in  the 
affirmative,  and  there  was  an  unanimous  declaration  in  favor  of  capitu- 
lation.    The  terms  of  surrender  were  then  discussed.  A  messenger  was 
sent  to  Gen.  Gates,  who  agreed  to  an  immediate  armistice.     A  meeting 
of  officers  to  represent  the  commanders  of  the  respective  armies,  was  ar- 
ranged to  take  place  on  the  spot  where  Gen.  Schuyler's  house  had  stood. 


'I  I 


im 


.,  HAITI  r.  ni    >AKAI<i«;.\ 

Tluro  scc-Mua  a  poetic  justice  iu  this,  cnsidcrin^'  the  .n;iy,..:,nii.uu.s  spirit 
nl  Schuvh-r.  the  relentless  clestructic.  uf  Uur^royue.  a.,.l  the  lumulia- 
,,.„,  .,1   tlu^  destroyer  on  the  site  of  the  ruin  he  had  wrouKd.l. 

■riu- tern,s  pn,p..se.l  by  Iiur^a,yne  required  that  h.s  army  up..u  .  s 
su,  reiuUr.  should  he  nuirched  to  lJ.sU,n.  and  from  there  be  sh.ppe.l  t<. 
l.„„l,nd  dates  refused  this  proposition,  and  demanded  an  unconditional 
surrender  as  pris.mers  of  war.     BurKn.yne  rejected  these  tenus   nubj;- 

"'"\-he  armistice  ceased.     BurKoyne  prepared  for  the  worst. 

C.ates  now  heard  of  Sir  Henry  Clinton  at  the  I  It^ddands  II.s  fears 
were  an.usc-d  :  he  despatched  a  mcssa-e  to  iiurf^ovne,  m  which  he  a-reecl 
to  almost  every  article  of  the  hrst  proposition.  BuiKoyne  ^^ave  his  as- 
sent to  these  terms.  Some  further  negotiations  were  m  progress  in  re- 
..,d  to  points  of  minor  importance.  News  of  Sir  1  lenry  Clinton  s  expe- 
dition now  reached  Burgoyne.  Af,^ain  delusive  h.,pes  awoke  .n  hi.  hea 
He  hurrie<ilv  called  his  olVicers  to^a-ther  to  consider  whether  they  could 
l.onorablv  withdraw  from  the  agreement  t.)  surrender,  it  was  deeded 
that  honor  held  them  fast,  although  the  papers  were  not  s.gnerl.  On  c 
,7th  of  October  the  capitulation,  or  convention,  as  Burgoyne  stipulated 
it   should  be  called,  received  the  signatures    of  the  two  commanders. 

(iates  and  Burgoyne.  ,    . 

The  British  army  were  now  marched  ,.ut  of  their  camps,  under  the.r 
own  officers,  to  a  plain  near  old  Fort  Hardy,  where  the  F.sh  kill  empties 
into  the  Hudson.  Here,  in  the  presence  of  only  one  American,  an  aid- 
de-camp  of  Gates,  thev  laid  dowu  their  arms.  Generals  In.rgoync, 
Riedesel  and  Phillips  now  passed  over  the  Fish  kill  to  the  head-quarters 
of  Gates,  who  rode  out  to  meet  them,  accompanied  by  h.s  aids.  U  hen 
they  met,  Burgoyne  said.  "  The  fortunes  of  war.  General,  have  made  me 
2  prisoner,^  t,>  which  Gates  replied.  "I  shall  ever  be  ready  to  bear 
testimony  that  it  has  not  been  through  any  fault  of  your  excellency 

The  American  army  were  drawn  up  in  ranks  on  either  side  of  the 
road  The  whole  army  of  British  prisoners,  preceded  by  a  guard  bear- 
i;^  the  stars  and  stripes,  and  a  band  playing  Yankee  Doodle,  were 
marched  between  the  files  of  their  victors  presence 

Gates  and  Burgoyne  stood  contemplating  the  scene.  In  the  presence 
of  both  armies.  General  Burgoyne  stepped  out.  and  drawing  Ins  sword 
from  its  scabbar<l.  presented  it  to  General  Gates  ;  he  received  it.  and 
silently  returned  it  to  the  vanquished  General. 


\i\ 


immm 


us  spirit 
huinilia- 

iH)()i\  its 
ippi'd  to 
iuliti(»ii;il 
\ii   iiuli.i^- 


llis  fears 
ic  iii^rt't'il 
c  liis  as- 
;ss  in  rc- 
m'a  cx|)C- 
liis  heart, 
jcy  could 
i  decided 
On  the 
itipidatcd 
inlanders, 

ider  their 
11  empties 
m,  an  aid- 
knj^oyne, 
l-quarters 
s.  When 
;  made  me 
y  to  bear 
ency." 
lide  of  the 
uard  bear- 
)dle,   were 

e  presence 
liis  sword 
,'ed  it,  and 


A  VISIT  TO  THE  BATTLE  GROUND 


A 


-  \ 


1^" 


i 


I 

!i 

( 
i.i 

■  1     I 


!1 


*    ll 


A  VISIT  TO  THE  BATILK  GROUND 


I. 

"America  is  tiie  Old  rather  than  the 
New  World,  being  the  first-born  among 
the  continents;  "  when 

"  Earth  was  young  and  keeping  holitUiy  -- 
Monster  llshes  swam  the  silent  main, 
Stately  fotesls  waved  their  giant  l)ranLhcs, 
Mountains  hurled  their  snowy  avalanches, 
Mammoth  creatures  stalked  across  the  plain." 


It  is  a  pleasant  morning  late  in  June. 
One  of  those  ineffable  days  that  belong 
to  this  month  in  the  region  of  coimtry 
lying  along  the  south-eastern  foot  of  the 
Adirondacks;  that   "  angle  between  the 
great  northern  and  western  war-paths  " 
of  the  past  that  followed  "  the  encircling 
chain  of  almost  a  thousand  miles  of  liv- 
ing waters  that  surround  Northern  New 
York."    In  this  atmosphere  are  combined 
the  freshness  of  the  mountains,  the  mel- 
lowness of  the  plains,  the  healthfulness 
of  the  pines.     In  the  heart  of  this  region, 
on  the  edge  of  the  Laurentian  rocks  of 
the  world's  first  continent,  sits  the  village 
of  Saratoga  Springs,  drawing  to  herself, 
magnet-like,  the  men  and  women  of  many 
nations;  attracting  them  by  various  prop- 
erties, yet  pouring  forth  to  all  alike  the 
treasures  of  her  wonderful  chemical  lab- 
oratory,  and  clothing  all  in   new  vigor 
with  her  mountain-freighted  atmosphere. 
On  the  western  piazza  of  one  of  her 
famous  hotels,    the   United   States,  are 
numerous  groups  of  visitors.     Miss  Kate 
Van  F^yck,  a  blooming  blonde  of  twenty; 
Miss  Pelham,  her  young  friend,  graceful 


and  fashionable,  recently  returned  from 
Europe;  and  Mrs.  Harris,  a  middle- 
aged,  youthful  looking  widow,  sit  loung- 
ingly  near  the  piazza  railing,  their  books 
and  fancy-work  lying  neglected  in  their 
laps.  Mr.  Winship,  a  young  lawyer 
from  Boston,  enjoying  his  short  vacation, 
leans  against  a  column,  gazing  absently 
at  Miss  Van  Eyck;  Judge  Van  Eyck, 
her  father,  "  a  true  Knickerbocker  in  the 
fullest  sense  of  the  word,"  approaches 
with  a  firm,  even  tread,  suggestive  of  dig- 
nity, self-reliance,  and  exactness  of  char- 
acter. 

Judge  Van  Eyck,  as  he  draws  up  a 
chair  and  sits  down:  "Well,  ladies,  do 
we  go  the  battle-field  to-day?  it  is  a  glo- 
rious morning,  and  I  am  already  inspired 
with  some  patriotic  emotions.  I  find 
there  is  nothing  like  a  little  leisure  to 
allow  the  sentiments  to  expand — with 
the  help  of  an  entertaining  book.  I 
must  thank  you,  Mrs.  Harris,  for  my  re- 
awakened interest  in  the  glories  of  my 
country." 

Mrs.  Harris:  "How  is  that.  Judge; 
was  it  the  shabbv  little  volume  I  loaned 
you  yesterday  ?  " 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "Yes;  I  always  find 
these  impromptu  journals  of  army  offi- 
cers the  most  delightful  kind  of  history. 
They  photograph  the  scene  on  the  spot, 
quite  a  different  process  from  your  ela- 
borate painting,  such  as  the  historian  of 
the  future  gives,  filled  with  imaginary 
figures,  and  diffused  with  an  atmosphere 
of  his  own  ideas  and  opinions.     It  is  re- 


A  VISIT  TO   TIIK   HATTI.K   r.UOT'VD 


fresh higly  real  to  find  these  young  Eng- 
li>li  lords  of  '7C),  Captains  and  Lieuten- 
ants, calling  us  rebels,  and  predicting 
our  speedy  annihilation." 

Mrs.  Harris:  "  Some  of  them  were  un- 
consciously elegant  writers;  but  have 
you  read  any  of  the  journals  and  travels 
written  by  Hessian  officers  who  vvere  with 
the  British  army  ?  Tiiey  are  charming; 
the  simplicity,  (piaintness  and  truth  with 
which  they  describe  the  country  and  the 
people  are  incomparable." 

Miss  Van  Kyck:  "O,  Mrs.  Harris!  do 
tell  father  that  delightful  story  about  the 
German  poet." 

Mr.  Winship,  drawing   near:    "What 

do  1  hear  about  a  poet.  Miss  Van  Eyck?" 

Miss  Pelham:    "Of  course  Kate   has 

found  a  poetic  element  in   the  subject 

under  discussion;  she  is  so  romantic." 

Mr.  Winship:  "  I  am  glad  to  hear  Miss 
Van  Eyck  is  romantic.  I  thought  her 
eminently  practical  " 

Miss  Van  Eyck.  -I  protest  against 
being  discussed  befove  my  face,  and  if 
we  are  going  to  the  battle  field,  we  had 
better  start;  but  1  don't  want  to  go  to 
day.  I  thought  I  knew  all  about  the 
battle  of  Saratoga,  and  I  have  just  dis- 
covered that  I  know  nothing.  Mrs. 
Harris  is  a  perfect  encyclopedia,  and  I 
know  she  will  tell  me  all  about  it,  if  we 
wait  a  few  days;  won't  you,  Mrs.  Harris  ? 
Why  should  we  hurry,  father  .>" 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "I  am  in  no 
hurry,  Kate ;  you  know  I  promised  that 
while  here  I  would  obey  your  orders, 
but  the  other  ladies  may  prefer  to  go 
now  ;  decide  it  among  yourselves." 

Miss  Pelham  :  "  l^ear  me,  Kate  ;  you 
do  not  expect  to  know  all  the  history 
and  details  concerning  places  you  visit, 


do  you  ?  I  tried  the  guide-books  in 
Europe,  and  found  them  detestable.  I 
think  if  you  have  a  general  idea  that 
something  wonderful  has  happened  at  a 
place,  that  is  sufiicient  to  excite  an  agree- 
able interest,  it's  an  awful  drag  to  try 
to  remember  the  names  of  kings  and 
generals  who  were  on  this  side,  and  who 
on  that— it  interferes  with  the  sentiment ; 
now  you  like  sentiment,  why  bother 
about  facts." 

Miss  Van  Eyck:  "Which  means,  1 
suppose,  that  you  do  not  wish  our  trip 
deferred." 

Miss  Pelham  :  "  O  no,  not  at  all ;  one 
day  will  suit  me  as  well  as  another,  but  1 
am  thinking  how  I  will  dispose  of  the 
lime  while  you  and  Mrs.  Harris  are  talk- 
ing history.  I  must  go  in  search  of  a 
new  novel." 

Mrs.  Harris:  "You  forget,  Miss  Fan- 
ny, that  I  have  made  no  promise  yet, 
and  Kates  jest  about  my  knowledge  is 
no  guarantee  that  I  have  the  information 
necessary  to  bore  you.  I  do  not  half 
believe  in  your  avowed  preference  for 
ignorance,  however,  and  I  have  no  doubt 
but  you  will  assist  in  recalling  the  men 
and  events  that  give  historic  interest  to 
the  old  battle  ground." 

Miss  Van  Eyck  :  "  What  was  the  name 
of  that  German  officer  you  were  telling 
me  about  ? " 

Mrs.  Harris  :  "  His  name  was  Seume, 
and  he  was  not  an  officer,  which  gives 
additional  interest  to  his  trials  and  hard- 
ships  ;  he  bore  them  with  philosophical 
endurance,  or  rather  an  easy  indiffer- 
ence. His  comrades,  the  German  com- 
mon soldiers,  employed  by  the  British, 
were  ignorant,  coarse  and  degraded, 
mere   slaves   of   the   petty  despots  who 


A   VISIT  TO   THE   liATTI.K   CROUND 


37 


»oks  in 
ible.  I 
ca  that 
ed  at  a 
11  agrce- 
;  to  try 
igs  and 
md  who 
itiment ; 
bother 

leans,  I 
our  trip 

all;  one 
ler,  but  I 
e  of  the 
arc  talk- 
rch  of  a 

/liss  Fan- 

Tiise   yet, 

vledge  is 

formation 

not  half 

rence   for 

no  doubt 

the  men 

nterest  to 

the  name 
;re  telling 

as  Seume, 
hich  gives 
and  hard- 
losophical 
y  indiffer- 
rman  com- 
lie  British, 
degraded, 
jspots  who 


ruled  llicni  ;  yet  there  must  undoubt- 
edly have  been  an  occasional  individual 
like  Seume  himself,  who  possessed  edu- 
cation and  refinement. '  The  officers 
were  entirely  of  this  class,  and  more  than 
that,  they  all  belonged  to  the  nobility, 
and  were  among  the  most  accomplished 
gentlemen  of  lunope." 

Mr.  Winship:  "Why,  Mrs.  Harris! 
you  astonish  me  ;  are  you  not  mistaken  ? 
Surely  the  Hessians  employed  against 
us  were  universally  a  gross,  thieving,  de- 
graded set  of  wretches.  I  did  not  sup- 
pose a  word  could  be  said  in  their  favor. 
Even  their  own  countryman,  Frederick 
the  Great,  taxed  them  like  so  many  head 
of  cattle  for  the  privilege  of  passing  over 
his  territory.  Certainly,  he  intended  by 
this  to  show  his  disgust  for  the  enter- 
prise in  which  they  were  engaged,  and 
his  contempt  for  their  rulers." 

Judge  Van  Eyck  :  "  I  fear  we  can- 
not give  Frederick  credit  for  these 
noble  sentiments.  He  was  the  last 
man  likely  to  sympathize  with  the  cause 
for  which  the  Americans  contended. 
He  was  simply  angry  and  jealous  that 
the  troops  he  had  been  in  the  habit  of 
hiring  for  his  own  purposes,  for  a  trifling 
sum  of  money,  were  now  let  out  at  a 
high  price,  thus  raising  their  market 
value,  and  he  determined  to  appropriate 
a  part  of  the  profit  to  himself." 

Mr.  Winship  :  "  Really,  one  is  tempted 
to  throw  all  histories  into  the  fire,  when 
discovering  the  false  impressions  receiv- 
ed from  them.  I  begin  to  think  that  it 
is  not  worth  while  to  read  history  at  all. 
I  believe  I  have  never  felt  my  sympa- 
thies and  opinions  fully  in  accord  with 
people  or  events  in  the  past,  that  I  have 


not  afterward  had  my  whole  tlieory 
about  them  upset,  and  my  facts  ([ues- 
tioned." 

Judge  Van  Eyck  :  "  Yes,  sir  ;  you  will 
generally  find  this  to  be  the  case,  whicii 
only  proves  that  we  have  no  rigiit  to 
theories  or  feelings  in  regard  to  histori- 
cal persons  and  events.  We  must  sift 
out  the  facts  as  well  as  we  can,  and  look 
upon  them  as  abstract  facts  alone." 

Miss  Van  Ey(,k  :  "  Indeed,  father,  you 
know  that  cannot  be  done — and  that  you 
certainly  do  not  do  it;  you  have  the 
strongest  kind  of  likes  and  dislikes.  You 
must  remember  how  you  defend  Gen. 
Schuyler  ;  and  as  to  Gen.  Gates,  I  think 
you  talk  dreadfully  about  him,  consider- 
ing he  was  one  of  the  Revolutionary 
heroes." 

Mrs.  Harris  :  "  You  are  all  wandering 
very  far  away  from  my  young  German 
student,  although  I  find    I    have  really 
very  liule  to   tell  you  about  him.     He 
was    a  youth  of  brilliant   poetic  talent, 
and  an  eager  student ;  was  on  his  way 
from  the  university  at  Leipsic,  to  Paris, 
where    he    would     soon    complete    his 
course  of  studv,  when  he  was  suddenly 
seized  by  a  rec   liting  officer,  and  driven 
like     a    slave   to    the    nearest  military 
post.     Yet    so  little   idea  had   the  men 
of   that  time  of  their  individual  rights, 
that    it  does  not  seem  to  have  occur- 
red   to    him    to  make    even    a    protest 
against  such    an    outrage.     Imagine   an 
ardent,  refined  young  man  forced  from 
place  to  place,  and  finally  plunged  into 
the   depths   of    one   of    those    horrible 
ships  that  transported  the  German  troops 
from  l':ngland  to  Canada.     Their  Land- 
grave sent  them  to  England,  almost  des- 


ftl' 


3S 


A  VISIT   TO   THE  BATTl.K   CKOUND 


^    I 


|i 


|.     ,il 


\  4 


1  . 


5!  I 


titute  of  clothing  ;  rontracts  were  made 
with  iMiglishmcn  to  supply  them,  and  the 
boxes  of  clothing  were  not  opened  until 
the  ships  had  sailed,  when  it  was  discov- 
ered that  much  of  it  was  utterly  worth- 
less—some of  the  cases  contained  ladies' 
slioes,  and  other  things  eciually  appropn- 

itc 

Miss  IVlham:  "  O,  let  us  suppose  that 
the  dainty  young  poet  could  wear  a  pair 
of  the  ladies'  shoes— who  knows  but  he 
may  have  had  a  mantilla  and  parasol, 

too  ! "  ,  , 

Mr.  Winship:  "Why,  yes;  what  an  al- 
leviation of  his  sufferings.  If  he  <-.ould 
not  wear  them,  he  could  hang  them  up, 
and   apostrophize    them    in    melodious 

lines." 

Miss  Van  Eyck:  "I  think  you  are 
most  unfeeling  to  ridicule  a  man  in  such 
a  position.  I  suppose  the  poor  fellow 
had  not  even  a  book  to  distract  his  mind 
from  his  miseries." 

Mrs.  Harris:  "  He  seemed  to  look  upon 
his  misfortune  as  an  inevitable  fate,  and 
to  adopt  it  as  a  sort  of  Bohemianism. 
Upon  his  return  to  Germany,  he  wrote 
an  autobiography." 

Miss  Van  Eyck:  "Was  it  there  you 
found  that  curious  description  of  the 
uniform  of  the  American  soldiers  and 

officers?  " 

Mrs.  Harris:    "No;  that   was   in    the 
'  Briefwechsel,  •   where   the   letter   of   a 
German   officer  says  that   some  of  the 
American  officers,  quit.-    in  contrast  to 
their  simple  dress,  wore  large,  powdered 
wigs,  for  which  the   soldiers     felt     the 
most  profound  reverence.     But  many  of 
these  German  accounts  are  full  of  serious 
matter,  that  will  probably  be  an  efficient 
guide  through  some  of  the  intricacies  of 


the  Saratoga  campaign,  as  the  German 
view  of  it  is  ciuite  different  from  either 
the  British  or  American." 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "  1  suppose  we  have 
that  in  the  Memoirs  of  Madame  Riede- 
sel,  and  the  journals  of  her  husband, 
translated  some  years  ago  by  Mr.  Stone. 

Mrs.  Harris:  "Yes;  that  is  one  of  the 
most  entertaining  accounts  of  Burgoyne's 
Campaign  that  can  be  found.  I  have 
written  a  sketch  of  the  Baroness,  drawn 
from  that  book  and  other  sources,  which 
I  have  promised  to  lend  Kate." 

Miss  Pelham,  rising:  "  It  is  time  for 
me  to  go  the  Clarendon  Spring  for  my 
tonic  water,  and  I  shall  stop  at  the  book- 
store for  a  novel.  Won't  you  go,  Kate  ? 

Mr  Winship:  "  Will  you  all  go  to  the 
bowling  alley,  and  have  a  game  of  ten- 

pins  r 

Miss  Van  Eyck:  "  O,  yes  !  I  want  to 
retaliate  on  father  and  Mrs.  Hams;  they 
shall  not  beat  us  so  badly  again." 

They  saunter  through  the  broad  hall 
and  down  the  front   steps  of  the  hotel, 
the   ladies  raise    their    sunshades,   and 
without    further     preparation    continue 
their  walk  to  the  spring.     Miss  Pelham, 
Miss  Van  Eyck  and  Mr.  Winship  in  ad- 
vance, talking  with  animation  upon  some 
subject    not    historical.       Mrs.    Harris 
and  the  Judge  stray  slowly   on  behind 
them,    still    interested    in    the     subject 
that    has    occupied    them    during    the 

morning. 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "I  have  read  the 
memoir  of  Madame  Riedesel.  I  was 
charmed  with  the  Baroness;  her  intelli- 
gence and  refinement,  as  well  as  her  de- 
votion to  her  husband  and  children,  are 
remarkable.  With  what  vividness  and 
skill   she   pictures    the    events    passing 


A   Visri'    1()    rilK    BATTLE   GROUND 


39 


erman 
either 

'ohave 
Riede- 
isband, 
stone." 

of  the 
Toyne's 

I  have 
,  drawn 
;,  which 

ime  for 
;  for  my 
le  book- 
Kate?" 
J  to  the 
of  ten- 
want  to 
ris;  they 

t» 

road  hall 
lie  hotel, 
des,   and 
continue 
Pelham, 
ip  in  ad- 
pon  some 
1.    Harris 
n  behind 
subject 
iring    the 

read  the 

I.  I  was 
ler  intelli- 
as  her  de- 
ildren,  are 
dness  and 
ts    passing 


around  her,  and  with  what  nahctc  she 
relates  the  most  trifling  incidents  of  her 
own  experience  !  " 

Mrs.   Harris:  "Yes;  lliat   is   the  very 
thing  that   gives  su(  h  reality  to  lier  ac- 
count  of    the   campaign,   and    tlie    long 
captivity    that    followed.      liy   the    way, 
judge,  do   you  not   think   it  was  rather 
disgraceful  in  our  Congress  to  refuse  to 
ratify  tlie  terms  of  the  convention  signed 
at    Saratoga?      Certainly  ilurgoyne  and 
his  officers  had  reason  to  feel  aggrieved, 
althougii  tlie  linglish  (lovernment  bore 
it  very  quietly.     I  believe  that  W  ashing- 
ton  urged  upon  Congress  their  obligation 
to  confirm  the  terms  of  the  convention." 
Judge  Van  Eyck:   "  Yes,  he  did;  and 
however  it  might  be  regretted  that  Gates' 
weakness,  and   Burgoyne's  firmness  had 
fixed  the  terms  as  they  were,  it  has  seemed 
to  me  there  was  no  honorable  course  for 
Congress  to  pursue  but  to  confirm  them. 
Yet  we  must  remember  tliat  there  were 
many  minor    points    which    may   have 
weighed  with  them,  and   are  not  appar- 
ent to  us.     It  is  said  that  La  Fayette's 
influence  prevailed  in  the  matter.    He  was 
interested  for  the  French  (iovernment, 
wishing  to  prevent  the  use  of  Burgoyne's 
army  against  France,  as  war  was  impend- 
ing between  that  country  and  England." 
Mrs.  Harris:  "I  remember  now  hav- 
ing read  somewhere  that  he  urged,  as  a 
precedent   for  disregarding  tlie   articles 
of  the  convention,  the  surrender  of  the 
Duke  of  Cumberland  at  Kloster  Seven, 
on  which  occasion  the  terms  of  capitu- 
lation were  ignored  by  the  English." 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "Burgoyne  himself 
did  obtain  leave  to  go  back  to  England, 
although  he  was  unsuccessful  in  secur- 
ing the  return  of  the  army." 


Mrs.   Harris:    "I    always   feel    a   pro- 
found sympathy  for  him  on  that  return 
trip.      Although  we  cannot  say,   as  tlie 
poet  does  of  one  of  the  kings  of  Eng- 
land, that  'he  never  smiled  again,'  it  is 
known   tliat,   even   after    he  was   excul- 
l)ated  from  censure  by  Parliament,  when 
lie  enjoyed  great  social  distinction,  and 
was   flattered   and  applauded  in   conse- 
quence of  the  success  of  his  drama,  "  'I'lie 
Heiress,"  that   '  the  shadow  of  Saratoga 
always  rested  on  his  brow.'     'The  buoy- 
ancy and   zest    of  his  aspirations    were 
destroyed   by   a  stroke   of  the   pen  that 
signed  his  humiliation  and  General  Gates' 
triumph.     One  tiling  has  occurred  to  me. 
Judge,  as  rather  remarkable  since  I  have 
read  something  of  the   private  lives  of 
these  officers  of  the  invading  army.  They 
all  seem  to  have  been  model  husbands; 
even   Burgoyne,  who  was  considered  a 
gay,    pleasure-loving     dilettante,   treated 
his     wife    with    tender    devotion     and 
an    unlimited    confidence     and     defer- 
ence." 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "Did  he  not  elope 
with  her?  I  think  she  was  an  Earl's 
daughter." 

Mrs.  Harris:  "  Which  proves  there  was 
a  romantic  attachment  to  begin  with; 
this  ripened  into  a  life-long  affection, 
and  her  family  became  not  only  recon- 
ciled to  Burgoyne,  but  were  devoted  to 
his  interests  ever  afterwards.  You  will 
remember  that  Gen.  Frazer  spoke  pa- 
thetically of  his  wife  in  his  dying  mo- 
ments; Major  Ackland  reciprocated  the 
devotion  of  Lady  Ackland,  and  Gen. 
Riedesel  was  a  veritable  lover  to  the 
Baroness.  The  young  people  are  wait- 
ing for  us;  we  must  win  another  victory 
over  them." 


40 


A  VISIT   TO    llIK   ll.Vni.K   liKOUNU 


II. 


It  is  afternoon.     Jiulgc  Van  Kyck  and 
Mr.    Winship   arc   LMijoying   their  cigars 
anil  the  New  York  papers  in  the   gentle- 
men's reading  room.    'l"he  ladies  of  their 
party   have   retired   to   their  rottage,   in 
the   south   wing  o(  the  great  hotel,  and 
disposed  themselves  for  an  afternoon  rest. 
Miss  Pelham  lies    on   the   bed,    turning 
over  lazily  the  pages   of  her  new  novel. 
Mrs.  Harris,  on  the  sofa  in  the  parlor,  is 
lost  in  one  of  those  short,  profound  nai)s 
that  assist  in  preserving  the  freshness  of 
ladies  on  the  shady  side  of  forty.     Miss 
Van  Eyck  has  drawn  a  large  easy  chair 
to  the  window;  she  opens  the  manuscript 
which  Mrs.    Harris  has  given   her,  and 
reads  a  sketch  of 


THE  HARONESS  RIEDKSEL  'N   AMERICA 

On  the  nth  of  June,  1777,  in  I'l^-'  li-ir- 
bor  of  Quebec,  a  ship,  just  arrived  from 
England,    cast    anchor.       On    its    deck 
stood  the  Baroness    Riedesel   with   her 
three    young   children,    Oustava,    Fred- 
erika  and    Carolina ;  her   faithful  maid, 
Lena,  who  had  followed  her  from  Oer- 
many,    and    another    she    had    hired    in 
England.     There  the  Baroness  had  been 
obliged  to  remain  nearly  a  year,  waiting 
for  a  suitable  transport  to  Canada;    that 
new  land,  where  her  thoughts  and  desires 
were  constantly  drawing  her  towards  the 
gallant  husband  who   had  parted  from 
her   in    grief,   and  now,   she   was   sure, 
awaited  her  arrival  with  anxiety  and  joy. 
(lazing  wistfully  towards  the  shore  she 
thought,  "  scarcely  one  short  hour,  and 
his  arms  will  encircle  me." 

At  this  moment  the  booming  of  guns 
from  all  the  ships  in  the  harbor,  firing  a 
salute  in  honor  of  her  arrival,  increased 


her  excitement;  tears  of  hope    and  joy 
streamed  from   her  beautiful  blue  eyes, 
she    clasped    the    little    Caroline    more 
closely  to  her  breast,  while  (histava  and 
Frederika  danced   about   her,  wild  with 
delight,  in  anticipation  of  a  release  fmm 
the  long  confinement  of  eight  weeks  on 
board    ship.      Their    demonstrations   of 
joy    increased,    when    they  saw  a  boat, 
"containing   twelve    sailors,    dressed   in 
white,    with    siWer    helmets    and    green 
sashes,"  approaching  the  ship    to  carry 
them  ashore.     With  it  came  letters  from 
Cen.  Riedesel,  informing  his  wife  that  he 
had  been  unable  to  await  her  arrival  at 
(Quebec,  and  had  started  on  the  summer 
campaign  with  (ieneral  Burgoyne.   Here 
was  a   bitter    disappointment,   but  this 
gentle,  resolute  woman  gave  little  time 
to  unavailing  regrets.     Only   remaining 
in  (Quebec  long  enough  to  dine  with  the 
wife  of  (ieneral  Carleton,  and   without 
resting   from   the   fatigues   of   the   long 
sea  voyage,  on  the  evening  of  the  same 
day  the  Baroness,  with  her  family,  em- 
barked in  a  small  boat  and  proceeded 
up  the  St,  Lawrence,  hoping  to  overtake 
her  husband,  and  spend  at  least  a  few 
hours  with   him.      It    was   a   beautiful 
moonlight  night;  they  were  accompanied 
by  a  splendid  band  of  music.      Mingled 
emotions  of  disappointment  and  antici- 
pation stirred  the  sensitive  heart  of  the 
wife  and  mother  as  they  glided  on  so 
weirdly  ever   the   waters  of  the  broad, 
strange  river.  The  children,  wearied  with 
the  excitement  and  novelty  of  the  day, 
soon  feel  asleep.    At  midnight  they  were 
awakened,  and  prepared  for  a  long  ride 
across  the  country.  Three  light  calashes 
were  provided  for  them. 

"I    could    not,"    says  the    Baroness, 


I 


and  joy 
hie  eyes, 
le  more 
;ava  and 
nkl  with 
ase  f'"om 
veeks  on 
itions  of 
'  a  boat, 
essed  in 
id   green 

to  carry 
Iters  from 
ifethat  lie 
arrival  at 
e  summer 
ne.    Here 

but  this 
little  time 
remaining 
e  with  the 
i   without 

the   long 

the  same 
imily,  em- 
proceeded 
o  overtake 
east  a  few 

beautiful 
;:ompanied 
Mingled 
ind  antici- 
:art  of  the 
ded  on  so 
the  broad, 
earied  with 
jf  the  day, 
t  they  were 
a  long  ride 
ht  calashes 

:    Baroness, 


A   VISIT   TO   TIIK    r.ATI'I.K    (IROl'N'D 


41 


"bring  my  heart  to  trust  a  single  one  of 
my  (liildren  to  my  women  servants;  and 
as  our  calashes  were  open  and  very  small, 
I  bound  my  second  daughter,  Frederika, 
fast  in   one  corner;   took  the   youngest, 
little  Caroline,  on  my  lap;  while  my  old- 
est, Gustava,  as   tlie    most    discreet,  sat 
between  my  feet  on  my  purse.     As  I  had 
no  time  to  lose,  if  I   would  overtake  my 
husband,    I    promised    a   reward  to  the 
servants  if  they  would  drive   very  fast, 
and  (  onsequently  we  went  as  quickly  as 
vehicles  and  horses  would  allow."      She 
rode    in    this    way   until  the  following 
afternoon,    when    she    made    the    pas- 
sage of  the  Three   Rivers  in  a  light  ca- 
noe, made  of  bark.     At  one  end  of  this 
frail  boat  the  Baroness  sat  with  her  three 
children   in  her  lap,   while  her  servants 
balanced  it  at  the  other  end.     The  boat- 
men told  her  that  the  slightest  movement 
would  overturn  the  canoe.      This  fright- 
ened little  Frederika,  who  screamed;  and 
tried  to  jump  up.     The  Baroness,  there- 
fore, had  to  hold  her  firmly  while  she  con- 
tinued to  scream  with  great  terror.  They 
proceeded  in  this  painful  manner  until 
they  reached  the  village  of  Three  Rivers. 
At  this  place  the  Hessian  troops  had 
been   in    winter   quarters,   and  General 
Riedesel   had  left  a  house  prepared  for 
the  reception  of  his  family.     The  distress 
of   the   Baroness   was  increased  by  the 
surrounding  manifestations  of  the  affec- 
tionate care  and  forethought  of  her  ab- 
sent husband,  in  providing  for  her  com- 
fort.    The  enthusiastic  affection  and  re- 
spect with  which  he  was  spoken  of  by 
the  friends  he  had  left  here,  at  once  con- 
soled and  afflicted  her,  since  she  was  told 
that  he  had  been  quite  sick,  and  was  not 
yet  recovered,  and  that  his  illness  had 


been  increased  by  his   solicitude  for  her 
during  the  long  voyage — rumors  having 
reached  him  of  dis.isters  at  sea,  tliat  he 
feared  might  have  robbed  him  of  his  lit- 
tle family.     The  Grand  Vicar  of  the  vil- 
lage, sympathi;  ing  wilii    her  anxiety  to 
join  her  husba.id,  loaned  her  '  covered 
calash  in  which  she  immediately  resum- 
ed her  journey  in  pursuit  of  the  advanc- 
ing army.     The  weatherwas  exceedingly 
stormy,  and  the  road  difficult  and  nig- 
ged, but  she   still   pushed   forward   with 
impatient    eagerness.     She    says,    ''  this 
vehicle    went    so    rapidly    that    I    could 
scarcely  recover   my  breath,  in  addition 
to  which  I  was  so  jostled  about  (as  I  was 
constantly  obliged  to  hold  my  children) 
that  I  was  completely  beaten  to  pieces. 
I  was  obliged  at  every  post  station    to 
stretch  out  my  arms  and  walk  around  a 
little  to  render  my  joints  more  limber." 
How  touching  a  picture  is  this  !     A  deli- 
cate, refined  woman,  accustomed  only  to 
the  comfort,  luxury  and  shelter  of  an  old 
civilization^  in  a  circle  of  devoted  rela- 
tions and  friends,  encountering  the  hard- 
ships of  the  wilderness — self-reliant,  cour- 
ageous, persevering — not  for  one  moment 
forgetting  or  neglecting   the  babes  who 
are  dependent  on  her  tenderness,  even 
while  her  whole  soul  is  absorbed  in  that 
intensity  of  wifely  love  and  devotion  that 
renders  her  regardless  of  fatigue,  pain, 
and  repeated  disappointment.     If  we  are 
moved  with  enthusiasm  in  recalling  the 
valor  and  self-forgetfulness  of  the  soldier 
in    the   service  of  his   country — on  the 
wearying  march,  and  amid  the  carnage  of 
the  field — may  we  not  be  equally  stirred 
at  a  manifestation  of  heroic  endurance 
and  self-abnegation  in  an  exercise  of  the 
most  sublime  of  human  emotions  ?     The 


42 


A  VISIT  TO  THE   UATTI.E   GROUND 


love  that  oul-strips  time,  spare,  obsta- 
^.l^.^_  that  endures,  waits,  yearns,  la- 
bors for  the  beloved  one,  and  never 
wearies,  never  flags,  but  i^rnws,  strength- 
ens and  expands  until  lost  in  the  immor- 
tal love  of  the  hereafter  !  Is  this  mere 
high-flown  sentiment  — are  these  words 
for  romancers  and  poets  ?  We  need  no 
other  answer  than  a  glance  at  the  tired, 
eager  face  of  this  woman,  who  only  typi- 
fies a  class  'ipon  whom  the  world  gazes 
with  blind  eyes. 

A  messenger  had  been  dispatched  in 
advance  to  inform  (leneral  Riedesel  of 
the  approach  of  his  wife  ;  he  started  im- 
mediately to  meet  her;  unfortunately  as 
he  advanced  upon  one  road,  he  passed 
her    upon  another,   and  thus  by  one  of 
those  unpropitious  chances  that  often  set 
united  efforts  at  cross  purposes,  was  the 
union  of  these   anxious  hearts  still  fur- 
ther delayed.     Arrived  at  Chambly,  the 
place  fro  V:    which  he    had    started,  the 
Baroness  was  advised  to  await  his     re- 
turn.    She  says,  "  my  children  and  my 
faithful  Rachel  kept  a  constant  watch  on 
the  higli  road,  that  they  might  bring  me 
news  of  my  husband's  arrival.     Finally 
a  calash   was  descried,  having  a  Cana- 
dian in    it.     I  saw  from  a  distance  the 
calash  stop  still ;  the  Canadian  got  out, 
came  nearer,  and  folded  the  children  hi 
his  arms.     It  was  my  husband  !    As  he  still 
had  the  fever,  he  was  clothed  (though  it 
was  summer)    in  a    sort   of    cassock  of 
woolen  cloth,  bordered  with  ribbons,  and 
to  wluch  was  attached  a  variegated  fringe 
of   blue    and    red,    after    the    Canadian 
fashion  of  the  country.     My  joy  was  be- 
yond all  description,  but  the  sick   and 
feeble  appearance  of  my  husband  terri- 
fied me,  and  a  little  disheartened  me.     I 


found  both  my  elder  daughters  in  tears. 
Custava  for  joy  at  again  seeing  her  father, 
and  little  Frcderika  because  she  saw  him 
in  this  plight.     For  this  reason  she  wouUl 
not  go  to  him  at  all,  but  said,  "  No,  no, 
this  is  not  my  papa  ;  my  papa  is  ])retty." 
"The   very  moment,    however,  ■  that  he 
threw  off  his  Cianadian  coat,  she  tenderly 
embraced  him."     How    grapliically   the 
wife  describes  the  emotions  of  her  chil- 
dren—how  little  she  says  for  herself.    "  It 
was  my  husband  !     My  joy  was  beyond 
all  description,"  and  again  :     "  We   re- 
mained with  each  other  two  happy  days." 
How  inadequate  to  depict  the  emotions 
of  the  heart  are  all  outward  expressions! 
Months,  years  of  deferred  hope  may  find 
their  culmination  in  a  few  hours  of  joy  ; 
a  lifetime  of  unselfish  motives,  of  persist- 
ent effort,  its    reward  in  a  few  days  of 
rest,  a  few  moments  of  delight.     Yet  how 
may  we  give  utterance  to  the  fullness  of 
joy,  the  beatitude  of  culminated  hopes  ! 

General   Riedesel    informed   his  wife 
that  she  could  not  acompany  the  army 
at  that  time,  and  that  it  would  lie  neces- 
sary for  her  to  return  to  Three  Rivers, 
and   await  the  development  of   events. 
The  confidence  of  an  assured  love,  the 
satisfaction   of    a    mutual   appreciation 
may   alleviate   the  hours  of   separation, 
but  the  heart  rebels,  and  we  grieve  with 
the  loving  wife,  who  says  :  "  I  was  forced, 
to  my  great  sorrow,  to  go  back  to  Three 
Rivers.     I  suffered  yet  more  upon  wit- 
nessing  the    departure    of    the    troops 
against   the   enemy,   while   I,  with    my 
children,  was  obliged,  alone  and  desert- 
ed, to  return  and  live  in  a  strange  land, 
among  unknown  people.     Sorrowful,  and 
very  much  cast  dov/n,  I  travelled  back. 
What  a  difference  between  this  journey 


A   VISIT  TO   THE   BATTLE   (lUOUNU 


43 


•s  in  tears, 
lier  father, 
c  saw  him 
slic  would 
,  "  No,  no, 
is  pretty." 
r,  •  that  he 
le  tenderly 
lically  the 
if  her  .^hil- 
;rself.  "It 
'as  beyond 

"We  re- 
ippy  days." 
e  emotions 
cpressions ! 
)e  may  find 
urs  of  joy ; 
,  of  persist- 
ew  days  of 
.     Yet  how 
;  fuUness  of 
ted  hopes  ! 
;d   his  wife 
y  the  army 
id  lie  neces- 
hree  Rivers, 

of  events, 
ed  love,  the 
ippreciation 

separation, 

grieve  with 
[  was  forced, 
.ck  to  Three 
e  upon  wit- 

the  troops 
I,  with    my 

and  desert- 
itrange  land, 
)rrowful,  and 
veiled  back, 
this  journey 


and  that  which  I  had  made  a  little  while 
before  !  'Phis  lime  I  did  not  move  so 
([uickly  ;  for  at  every  post  station,  which 
removed  me  further  from  iiim  I  loved, 
my  heart  was  torn  open  afresh." 

A  few  weeks  were  passed  by  Madame 
Riedestl  at  the  little  village  of  Three 
Rivers,  where  with  discretion  and  amia- 
bility she  adapted  herself  to  the  jjcople 
around  her,  and  found  the  contentment 
that  ever  follows  such  efforts.  In  the 
meantime  the  British  and  German  forces 
had  swept  on  victoriously  past  Ticonder- 
oga,  Fort  Independence,  and  Skenes- 
borough.  Major  Ackland  had  been 
wounded  at  Hubbardton,  and  his  wife 
was  allowed  to  join  him.  As  soon  as 
this  permission  was  granted,  General 
Burgoyne,  bearing  in  remembrance  his 
own  tender  solicitude  for  his  lamented 
wife,  thoughtfully  turned  to  General 
Riedesel,  and  .said  :  "  Your  wife  shall 
come  too.  General ;  despatch  Captain 
Willoe  to  escort  her  at  once." 

Captain  Willoe  soon  arrived  at  Three 
Rivers,  when  the  Baroness  and  her  fam- 
ily once  more  joyfully  embarked  in  a 
small  boat,  accompanied  by  another  one 
containing  the  soldiers,  baggage  and  i)ro- 
visions.  The  first  night  they  were  obliged 
to  land  on  a  small  island — the  second 
boot,  being  heavily  laden,  had  fallen  far 
behind.  The  little  family  were  without 
supper  and  candles  or  other  comforts. 
A  deserted  hut  was  found,  containing 
some  bushes,  upon  which  shawls  were 
spread,  and  the  little  ones  were  induced 
to  lie  down  to  rest.  During  the  night 
they  were  frequently  disturbed  by  strange 
sounds  and  sudden  lights,  which  could 
be  seen  through  the  chinks  of  the  cabin. 
At  breakfast,  which  was  spread  upon  a 


stone  for  a  table,  Madame  Riedesel  ask- 
ed the  Captain  wiiat  had  caused  the 
alarming  sights  and  sounds,  lie  admit- 
ted that  he  had  discovered,  when  too 
late  to  make  a  change,  that  tliis  was 
Rattlesnake  Island,  so  called  because 
a  very  great  number  of  these  reptiles 
infested  the  place.  Me  had  tried  by  the 
unusual  sights  and  sounds  to  keep  them 
at  a  distance. 

Upon  hearing  this,  the  breakfast  was 
hurried,    and    they    left    the    island    as 
(|ui(kly  as  possible,  arriving  at  St.  John's 
soon  after.     Here  they  took  passage  in 
larger  boats,  and  had  a  prosperous  and 
beautiful  trip  through  Lake  Chamjjlain 
and    the    transparent    waters    of    Lake 
George.      The   magnificent  scenery  was 
a  constant  source  of  delight  to  the  culti- 
vated taste  and  pure  mind  of  the  Baron- 
ess, whose   happy  anticipations  were  in 
harmony  with  the  joyous  spirit  of  sum- 
mer, that  seemed  to  vivify  this  lovely  re- 
gion with  the  breath  of  a  living  beauty. 
As  the  boat  drifted  near  the  shores  of 
the    picture-like    islands,     the    delicate 
colors  of  the  varied  wild  flowers,  and  the 
full-throated  carol  of  the  fearless  birds, 
entranced  her;  and  again,  in  the  midst 
of  the  broad  lake,  the  grandeur  of  the 
primitive  forests,  the  largeness  of  vision 
granted  by  the  rarified  atmosphere,  the 
rounded,    verdant    mountains,   and   the 
shadowed   valleys  inspired   a   depth   of 
thought  and  gratitude  that  subdued  the 
impatient  eagerness  of  all  purely  human 
affections. 

The  little  family  traveled  on  pleas- 
antly, the  children  reflecting  the  happi- 
ness of  the  mother;  they  soon  reached 
Fort  Edward,  where  Burgoyne's  army 
was   thet-   encamped.      They   were   re- 


44 


A  VISIT   TO    lllK    IIATTI.K   C-KOUND 


ceivcd  with  unbounded  dcliglit  hy  Ccii- 
eral  Ricaes(;l,  ;nul  warmly  wcU oiuod  by 
llic  (  oinn.anding  otVucrs.  Immediately 
i;,fter  this,  communication  was  rut  oil 
with  Canada,  and  the  I'.aroness  congrat. 
ulated   herself    greatly   en   having  been 


coming  into  the  'promised  land;'  and 
when  we  jiassed  the  Hudson  river,  and 
(leneral  lUirgoyne  said,  "I'he  I'.nglish 
never  lose  ground,'  our  spirits  were 
greatly  exhilarated." 

After  the   battle  of  the    19th  of  Sep- 


Iwrio'ioin  her"  husband,  as  otherwise     tember,  and  while  the   i  r.l.sh  were  en- 
!h    wild  have  been  separated  fron.  him     .amped  near  Freeman  s  lam,.  Ma.  une 
clurin         1    the    years  of    his    captuity.      Riedesel.  with  her  famdy,  oc.up.ed   1  ay^ 
Upon'  her  arrival,  a   roon,  was  assigne.l     lor's  house,  a  mde  or    wo  -r      o    t^^ 
Herat  headquarters   in  the  Red  House;     encampment,     (.eneral  R  edesc   s  1  c  d 
"and  here  "  says  the  Baroness,  "  I  had     quarters  were  a  long  r.de  fron.    1  aylor  s. 
thTtv  of  spending  ll>ree  happy  weeks     Madame  Riedesel  daily  v.sUed  the  camp, 
ntrgreatst  tranquility.      We  had  a     and  sometimes  took  breakfast  or  dmner 
lerv   Pleasant    life.       The    surrounding     with   her  husband,  but  more   frequently 
omt       w.     magnif.cent;  and  we  were     he  came,  accompanied  by  othe.  of,u:ers 
errcled  by  the  encampments   of    the     to  dine  with  her.      Colonel  Wdhams  of 
En    ^h  an/oerman  troops.  The  weath-     the  artillery,  noticing  the  fat.gue  to  wh.ch 
er  w  s  bea  Uiful,  and  we  often  took  our     these  visits  subjected     .enera     K.  desel 
meals   under   the   trees."     She  and   her     and  his  w.fe,  .offered  to  budd  a  block- 
Chi  dren  endeared  themselves  greatly  to     house  for  her  near  the  camp.  ^^'-.f<l'y 
all  the  mibtary  household.     This  inter-     accepted  his  offer.  It  was  bud    o   heavy 
e      conUnued  through  the  hardships  of    logs,  and  would  form  a  comfortab  e  shel- 
?e  foUowing  weeks;    and   many  brave     ter  from  the  autumn  chdlmess.     (.eneral 
mJtl  their  hearts  stirred  with  sympa-     Riedesel  was  still  sultermg  from  the  ef- 
Tyand  tenderness  towards  these  gentle     fects  of  fever,  and  the  Baroness  says:      I 
beings,  who  seemed  like  lovely  flowers     was  to  remove  mto  U  the  followmg  day 
to  sed  hither  and  thither  on  the  tempest-     and  was  the  more  rejoiced  at  U  as  the 
f     ar  nights  were  already  damp  and  cold,  and 

"°OnThe'uth"of 'September,  the  army     my  husband  .ould  live  in  it  with  me,  as 
moved  slowly  forward  over  an  obstructed     he  then  would  be  near  the  cami.     Snd- 
pathway,  and  thus  were  the  little  family     denly,  however,  on  the  7th   of  October, 
often   wary   and    hungry    with    waiting     my  husband,  w,th  the  whole  general  stff 
du  ing  the  day,  and  exirausted  and  sleepy     decamped.    Our  misfortunes  inay  be  said 
3'    fore   tLey   could   stop  :t  night,     to  date  from  this  moment.     1  had  just 
Madame  Riedesel  says:  "  We  made  only     sat  down  with  my  husband  at  h.  q.m. 
small  day's  marches,  and  were  very  often     ters  to  breakfast.     Oeneral   Tracer  .nd 
skk    yet'alwavs   contented  at  being  al-     I  believe  Generals  Burgoyne  and  I'h.l- 
Le'd  to  follow.     I  had  still  the  satisfac-     lips,  were  to  have  dined  with  rne  on  the 
tL  of  daily  seeing  my  husband.     In  the     same  day.  I  observed  considerable  move- 
beginning  aU  went  welK     We  cherished     ment   among   the   troops.     On  my  w  y 
the  sweef  hope  of  a  sure  victory,  and  of     homeward,  I  met  many  savages  in  theu 


A   VlSir    K*    IliK    HAITI. i:   C.UOUND 


4S 


land;'  and 
A  river,  and 
'he  llnglisli 
|)irits    were 

91I1  of  Sep- 
ish  wen."  en- 
■\n,  Mailainc 
( iipicd  Tay- 
north  cf  the 
Jcsel's  liead- 
nn  Taylor's, 
ed  the  camp, 
ist  or  dinner 
e  frequently 
ither  officers, 

Williams  of 
igue  to  which 
;ral   Riedesel 
iiild  a  hlock- 
.     Slie  gladly 
)iiilt  of  heavy 
ifortable  shel- 
ess.     (leneral 
;  from  the  ef- 
iness  says:  "  I 
"ollowing  day, 
;d  at  it  as  the 
and  cold,  and 
it  with  me,  as 

camp.     Sud- 
\i   of  October, 
e  general  staff, 
es  may  he  said 
it.     1  had  just 
d  at  his  (juar- 
al   Frazer,  and 
»yne  and  Phil- 
vith  me  on  the 
iiderable  move- 
On  my  way 
avages  in  their 


war  dress,  armed  with  guns— they  .  ried 
out  'War!  war!  *      I'his  .omiiletcly  over- 
whelmed me,  and  I  had  s<  arcely  got  back 
to  my  (piarters,  when   I  heard  skirmish- 
ing aii<l  firing,  whi(  h  by  degrees  became 
constantly  heavier,  until  finally  the  noises 
wer-j  frightful.     It  was  a  terrible  cannon- 
ade, and    I    was  more  dead   than   alive. 
About  three  o'clo(  k  in  the  afternoon,  in 
place  of  the  guests  who   were   to  have 
dined  with  me,  they  brought  to  me,  ui)on 
a  litter,  poor  (ieneral  Fra/.er  (one  of  my 
expected  guests),  mortally  wounded.  Our 
dining  table,  which  was  already  spread, 
was  taken  away,  and  in   its  place  they 
fixed  up  a  bed  for  the  General.     I  sat  in 
a   corner   of    the    room,    trembling    and 
quaking,    lest    my    husband    should    be 
brought    to    me    in    the    same    manner. 
Prayers  were  read  to  (ieneral  l-'razer,  af- 
ter which  he  sent  a  message  to  General 
IJurgoyne,  begging  that  he  would  have 
him  bur  ;d  in  the  great  redoubt  on  the 

hill. 

"  I  knew  not  which  way  to  turn,  the 
whole  entry  and  other  rooms   were  filled 
with   sick.     Finally,   towards   evening,  I 
saw  my  husband  coming,  upon  which  I 
forgot   all   my   sufferings,    and   thanked 
God  that  ne  had  been  spared  to  me.    He 
ate  in  great  haste  with  me  and  his  adju- 
tant, behind  the    house.     We  had  been 
told  we  had  gained  an  advantage  over 
the  enemy,  but  the  sorrowful  and  down- 
cast faces  which   I  beheld  bore  witness 
to  the  contrary;  and  before  my  husband 
went  away  again,  he  drew  me  to  one  side, 
and  said  that  things  might  go  very  badly, 
and  I  must  keep  myself  in  constant  read- 
iness for  departure,  but   to   give  no  one 
the  least  inkling  of  what   I    was  doing. 
I,  therefore,  pretended  that  I  wanted  to 


move  into  my  new  house  the  next   imirn- 
ing,  and  had  everything  packed  up. 

"  My    I.ady   .Ac  klaiul  oci  upied  a  tent 
nnt   f.ir   from   our  house.       In    this    she 
slept,   but    during    the   day    was    in    the 
(•ami).     Suddenly  one  came  to    tell   her 
that  her  husband  was  mortally  wr)unded, 
and  had  been  taken  prisoner.      .\t  this 
she  became  very  wretched,  for  she  loved 
him  very  much.     She   was  the   loveliest 
of  women.      I    sjjcnt    the    night    in    this 
manner ;    at    one    time    comforting  her, 
and  at  another  looking  after  my  children, 
whom  I  had  put  to  bed.     General  Frazer 
and  all  the  other  gentlemen  were  in  my 
room,  and   I  was  constantly  afraid  that 
my  children  would  wake  up  and  ( ry,  and 
thus  disturb  the   poor  dying  man,   who 
often  sent  to  beg  my  pardon  for  making 
me  so  much   trouble.     \t  eight  o'clock 
in  the  morning  he  expired.    *    *    .\bout 
four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  I   saw  the 
new  house  which  had  been  built  for  me  in 
flames;  the   enemy,  therefore,  were  not 
far  from  us." 

When  describing  General  Frazer's  fu- 
neral, she  says:  "  Many  cannon  balls  also 
flew  not  far  from  me,  but  I  had  my  eyes 
fixed  upon  the  hill,  where  I  distinctly 
saw  my  husband  in  the  midst  of  the  en- 
emy's fire,  and,  therefore,  I  could  not 
think  of  my  own  danger." 

Burgoyne,  after  describing  the  sol- 
emnity of  this  scene,  and  the  steadiness 
of  the  officiating  elergyman  who  was 
"  frequently  covered  with  dust  which  the 
shot  threw  up  on  all  sides  of  him,"  thus 
apostrophises  his  friend  :  "  To  the  can- 
vas, and  to  the  faithful  page  of  a  more 
important  historian,  gallant  friend,  I 
consign  thy  memory  !  There  may  thy 
talents,  thy  manly  virtues,  their  progress, 


46 


A   VISIT  TO  TIIK    l!.\  TTI  I".   »;i<()l'NI> 


and  their  period,  find  due  distinction  ; 
and  lon^;  may  they  survive,  lonj;  alter  llie 
frail  rf<  ord  of  my  pen  sliall  he  forgot- 
ten 1  " 

Immediately  after  the  funeral  a  retreat 
was  order.'d.      Madame  Riedcsil  entered 
her  rakish  with  her  eliiidren  and  maids, 
and  traveled  tlie  whole   night  in  a  pour- 
ing rain.     Tlie  strictest  silence  was  en- 
joined lest  the  enemy  should  discover  the 
retreat.     Little  I'rederika  had  became  so 
nervous   and  frightened  liy   the   painful 
events   of  the  day,  that  her    tears   and 
s(  reams  could  not  he  restrained,  and  her 
mother  was   ohliged    to  hold    a    pocket 
handkerchief  over  her  moutli  to  prevent 
her    cries    from    heing    heard.     At    six 
o'l  lock  in  the  morning  a  halt  was  made. 
General    Riedescl    *  ame    up,   and  being 
greatly  exhausted,  dismounted  from  his 
horse,  and  sat  in  the  calash,  s(u)n  falling 
asleep  with  his  head  t)n  hiN  wife's  shovd- 
der.     His   little    daughter  now   became 
very  docile  and  ([uiet,  reassured  by  the 
presence  of  her  father,  whom   she  loved 
dearly  ;  she  could  easily  understand  how 
he  would  be  disturbed,  though  rebellious 
against   the  military   order    for    silence. 
The  drenching  rain   continued  through 
this  whole  day,  which  was  spent  without 
shelter.     Several  officers  brought  Mad- 
ame   Riedesel  their  watches,  rings  and 
purses,    reciuesting  her   to    take  care  of 
them.     She  promised  to  do  so,  and  after- 
wards   found    them    a    source   of   much 
anxiety  to  her.     The  Baroness  says  that 
during   this    halt,     one    of    her    maids 
"  did  nothing,  cursed  her  situation,  and 
tore  out  her  hair.     I  entreated  her,"  she 
continues,  "  to  compose  herself,  or  else 
she  would  l)c  taken  for  a  savage.     Upon 
this  she  became  still  more  frantic,  and 


lore  her  bonnet  off  her  head,  letting  her 
liair  hang  down  over  her  fate,  and  said: 
"Vou  talk  well!  Vou  have  your  hus- 
band I  l'>nt  we  h.iving  nothing  tn  look 
forward  to,  hut  dying  miserably  on  tl>e 
ime  hand,  or  losing  all  we  possess  on  the 
other!"  To  cpiiet  her,  I  promiseil  to 
make  good  all  her  losses.  My  good 
Lena,  though  much  frightened,  said 
nothing." 

At  night  they  moved  on  about  half  an 
hour's  march,  and  camped  at  old  Sara- 
toga.    Here  a  good   fire  was  built,  the 
children  were  warmed,  wrapped    in  dry 
I  lothing,  and  laid  upon  some  straw  near 
the   fire    to  sleep.     While   sitting    near 
them,  distressed  and  exhausted,  C.eneral 
IMiillips  came  up,  and  she  asked  him  why 
the  retreat  was  not  continued.     "  Poor 
woman,"  answered  he.  "  I  am  amazed  at 
you  ;  completely  wet  through,  have  you 
still  the  courage  to  wish  to  go  further  in 
this  weather!"     On   the   next   morning 
'  the   Baroness  says  :  "  The  greatest  mis- 
ery and  utmost  disorder  i)revailed  in  the 
army.     The  commissaries  had  forgotten 
to    distribute     provisions.     More     than 
thirty  officers  came  to  me  who  could  en- 
dure the  pangs  of  hunger  no  longer.     I 
had  coffee  and  tea  made  for  them,  and 
divided  among  them  all   the  provisions 
with  which  my  carriage  was  filled.     We 
had   a   cook,  who,  although    an    arrant 
knave,   was   fruitful   in   expedients,  and 
often  in  the  night  would  steal   from  the 
country  people,  sheep,  poultry,  and  pigs, 
which  he  afterwards  sold  to  us  for  a  high 
price— a  circumstance  that  we  only  learn- 
ed a  long  time  afterward." 

In  the  afternoon  cannonading  was 
heard,  and  everything  was  in  confusion. 
The  Baroness  with   her  family  hurried 


A   VISIT   TO    rilK    llATTLE   (iUOUND 


47 


,  k'ttinR  her 
c,  anil  s>ii(l: 
your  bus- 
ing to  look 
ably  t>n  llii; 
issi'ss  (ii\  tlie 
proniisi'il  to 
My  good 
itcncd,    said 

hoiit  half  an 
at  old  Sara- 
is  built,  the 
ppicl    in  dry 
le  straw  near 
sitting    near 
itcd,  dencral 
ked  him  why 
lud.     "  Poor 
m  amazed  at 
gh,  have  you 
go  further  in 
ext   morning 
greatest  mis- 
ivailed  in  the 
liad  forgotten 
More     than 
vho  could  en- 
no  longer.     I 
or  them,  and 
he  provisions 
IS  filled.     We 
gh   an    arrant 
pedients,  and 
teul   from  the 
Itry,  and  pigs, 
5  us  for  a  high 
we  only  learn- 

nonading   was 

in  confusion. 

family  hurried 


into  the    calash,  and  drove  to  a  house 
near  by.     As  she  arrived  at  the  door  she 
saw    some    men    at    a   distamc   leveling 
their  guns  towards  this   spot  ;  she  threw 
hei  children  into  the  bottom  of  the  cal- 
ash, and  herself  over  them  ;  at  the  same 
moment  a  soldier  just  behind   her  had 
iiis  arm  shattered  by  one  of  these  balls. 
She  hurriedly  entered  the  house  whii  h 
the  Americans  suijjjosed  to  be  oi(  ii])ied 
by  the  (ienerals;  a   heavy  fire   was   di- 
rected   towards    it.      Madame    Riedesel 
and  her  family  took  re(ugc  in  the  cellar. 
Here,  during  the  whcle    night,  she    iat 
upon  the  iloor,  while  tl  e  terrified  child- 
ren   hid  their   heads    in    her    lap.     The 
sound  of  cannon  balls  crashing  through 
the  walls  of  the   house   above,  the  cries 
of  the  children,  the   steni  h  of  the  sick 
and  wounded  who  had  crowded  in,  and 
above    all,   the  uncertainty  of   her  hus- 
band's fate,  contributed  to  the  suffering 
and     anguish    of    this    horrible    night. 
"  Yet  in  this  terrible  den  of  affliction, 
this  extraordinary  woman  preserved  her 
courage   and   compassion."     When   the 
morning  came,  she  prevailed  upon  all  to 
leave  the  cellar,  until  she  could  have  it 
cleaned  and  fumigated  ;  in  the  meantime 
she  placed  the  little  girls  under  the  cel- 
lar stairs,  as  she  feared  to  trust  them  a 
moment  from  her  presence. 

When  the  cellar  was  cleaned,  and  the 
door  opened  for  the  women  and  the 
wounded  to  enter,  a  great  rush  forward 
was  made  by  a  crowd  of  frightened  and 
desperate  soldiers  who  had  fled  from  the 
camp,  and  now  sought  a  place  of  safety. 
The  Baroness  and  her  children  were  in 
danger  of  being  crushed  and  overwhelm- 
ed ;  she,  however,  with  great  resolution 


and  (  almni'ss,  stood  in  the  doorway,  and 
spreading  o'lt  her  arms,  firmly  « om- 
manded  the  men  to  stand  ba(  k.  'Huy 
shrank  away  ashamed.  The  lHlj)les!* 
ones  were  then  brought  in. 

Major  Ilarnage,  who  was  wounded, 
with  his  wife,  and  Mrs.  Keyneil,  whose 
hiisb.iiul  had  been  killed  the  day  before, 
curtained  off  a  corner  of  the  cell.ir,  and 
wished  to  arrange  another  i  orner  for  the 
JJaroness.  She  preferred  to  stay  near  the 
door,  where  she  thought  she  ( ould  more 
readily  save  her  children  in  case  of  fire, 
and  where  she  could  the  more  easily  slip 
out  during  the  night  to  see  if  ti>e  i  amp 
fires  were  still  burning.  She  was  in  con- 
stant fear  that  the  army  wouUl  make  a 
hasty  retreat,  and  leave  her  behind;  she 
IkuI  a  great  dread  of  falling  into  the  hands 
of  the  Americans.  She  lived  in  this 
dreadful  way  for  six  days,  and  during 
this  time  "acted  the  \niTt  of  an  angel  of 
comfort  and  help  to  the  sufferers  around 
her.  She  was  ready  to  perform  every 
friendly  service,  even  those  from  which 
the  tender  mind  of  woman  will  recoil. 
By  her  energy  she  restored  order  from 
chaos,  and  the  soldiers  obeyed  her  more 
readily  than  their  commanding  officers." 

General  Riedesel's  horse  was  kept  con- 
stantly saddled  for  her  to  mount  in  case 
of  a  sudden  retreat.  Three  of  the 
wounded  officers,  who  were  resolved  not 
to  be  left  as  prisoners,  swore  to  the  Bar- 
oness that  in  case  of  a  retreat,  they  each 
would  take  one  of  her  children  before 
him  on  his  horse,  and  assist  her  in  her 
flight.  They  were  very  fond  of  the  little 
girls,  and  often  endeavored  to  quiet  their 
fears.  One  of  the  officers  could  bleat 
like  a  calf,  and  bellow  like  a  cow.     When 


48 


A  VISIT   TO   Till-:   BATTLE   GROUND 


Frederika  would  wake  up  in  the  night 
and  cry,  he  often  mimicked  these  ani- 
mals, Nvhen  she  would  laugh  heartily,  and 
thus  reassured,  fall  asleep  agam. 

They  suffered  greatly  for  water,  as  the 
Americans  would  not  allow  the  British  to 
approach  the  river,  but  picked  off  with 
tlieir  well  aimed  rillcs  every  man  who  at- 
tempted it.  A  soldier's  wife  was  found, 
however,  who  undertook  this  service, 
and  the  Baroness  was  much  impressed 
by  the  conduct  of  the  Americans  in  leav- 
ing her  unmolested  on  account  of  her 
sex. 


On  the  1 7  th  of  October  the  army  capit- 
ulated. 

After   the  generals  of   the  concpiered 
army    had    been    received    by   General 
Gates,  a  message  was  sent  to  the  Baron- 
ess, asking  iier  to  join  her  husband  in  the 
American  camp.     Once  more  she  entered 
the  calash   that  had  carried  her  so  many 
weary  miles.     Trembling  and  anxious  at 
the  thought  of  going  among  strange  peo- 
ple in  so  trying  a  position,  she  drove  up 
to   the    headquarters    of   the    American 
General.     "  aere,"   says    she,  "  a  noble 
looking  man  approached  us  and  took  the 
children  out  of  the  wagon,  embraced  and 
kissed  them,  and  then  with   tears   in  his 
eyes,  helped   me  also    to  alight.     'You 
tremble,'  said  he;  '  fear  nothing.'     '  No,' 
replied  I,  '  for  you  are  so  kind,  and  have 
been  so  tender  toward  my  children,  that 
it  has  inspired  me  with  courage.'  "     He 
was  General  I'hilip  Schuyler.     "  He  then 
led  her   to   the  tent  of  General  Gates, 
where  they  found  Generals  Phillips  and 
Burgoyne,    and  the    latter  said   to   her: 
"  You  may  now  dismiss  all  your  ajjpre- 
hensions,  for   your  sufferings  are  at    an 
end."     General  Schuyler  then  took  her 


and  her  children  to  his  own  tent,  where 
he    entertained    them    with    considerate 
hospitality.     In   the  evening  he  sent  an 
officer   to    accompany    her    to    Albany. 
She  was  kindly  received  at  his  house  by 
Mrs.  Schuyler  and  her  daughters,  where 
she  remained  three  days.     Ui)on  leaving 
this    hospitable   mansion,   the   Baroness 
Riedesel,  with  her  husband  and  children, 
entered  upon   the  vicissitudes  and  trials 
of  their   long  captivity.     They  traveled 
with  the  captured  army  by  land  to  Cam- 
bridge,   Massachusetts,    where    they    re- 
mained several  months,  expecting  from 
time  to  time  to  embark   for   England  ; 
when  Congress  finally  refused  to  ratify 
the   convention  of    Saratoga,  they  jour- 
neyed again  by  land  to  the  interior  of 
Virginia,  where   they  put  up  temporary 
houses,  made  gardens,  and  domesticated 
themselves  as  they  could  in  their  trying 
position.     Before    starting  for   Virginia, 
Madame  Riedesel  gives  the  following  ac- 
count of  the  preservation  of  the  German 
flags  :     "  Now  I  was  forced  to  consider 
how  1  should  safely  carry  the  colors  of 
our  German  regiments  still    further,   as 
we  had  made  the  Americans  at  Saratoga 
belive  that  they  were  burnt  up— a  cir- 
cumstance which  they  at  first  took  in  bad 
part,  though  afterwards  they  tacitly  over- 
looked it.      But  it  was  only  the  staves 
that  had  been  burned,  the  colors  having 
been  thus  far  concealed.     Now  my  hus- 
band confided  to  me  this  secret,  and  en- 
trusted me  with  their  still  further  con- 
cealment.    I,   therefore,  shut  myself  in 
with  a  right  honorable  tailor,  who  helped 
me  make  a  mattress  in  which  we  sewed 
every  one  of  them.     Captain  O'Connell, 
under  pretence  of  some  errand,  was  sent 
to  New  York,   and   passed  the  mattress 


A  VISIT   TO   THK   IJA'I'TI.K   CKOUND 


49 


tent,  where 
(  onsidcrate 

he  sent  an 
to    Albany, 
lis  house  by 
Iters,  where 
I)on  leaving 
le    Baroness 
nd  children, 
;s  and  trials 
ley  traveled 
md  to  Cam- 
re   they   re- 
lecting  from 
r   England  ; 
;ed  to  ratify 
I,  they  jour- 
e  interior  of 
p  temporary 
:lomesticated 
1  their  trying 
for   Virginia, 
following  ac- 

the  German 
I  to  consider 
the  colors  of 
1    further,   as 
s  at  Saratoga 
nt  lip — a  cir- 
st  took,  in  bad 
y  tacitly  over- 
ily  the  staves 
colors  having 
Now  my  hus- 
ecret,  and  en- 
[  further  con- 
liut  myself  in 
K,  who  helped 
liich  we  sewed 
ain  O'Connell, 
rand,  was  sent 


d  the  mattress 


off  as  his  bed.  He  sent  it  to  Halifax, 
where  we  again  found  it  on  our  passage 
from  New  N'ork  to  Canada,  and  where — 
in  order  to  ward  off  all  suspicion  in  case 
our  shi])  should  be  taken — I  transferred 
it  into  my  cabin,  and  slept  during  the 
whole  of  the  remaining  voyage  to  Can- 
ada ui)on  these  honorable  badges." 

Upon  Madame  Riedesel's  return  to 
Europe,  and  to  Brunswick,  she  says:  "  1 
found  our  entire  family  mansion  in  the 
same  order  as  I  had  left  it  on  my  depart- 
ure to  America.  *  *  About  a  week  af- 
terwards, I  had  the  great  satisfaction  of 
seeing  my  husband,  with  his  own  troops, 
pass  through  the  city.  Yes,  those  very 
streets  in  which,  eight  and  a  half  years 
before,  I  had  lost  my  joy  and  ha[)piness, 
were  the  ones  where  I  now  saw  this  beau- 
tiful and  soul-stirring  spectacle.  It  is 
beyond  my  power  to  describe  my  emo- 
tions on  beholding  my  beloved,  my  up- 
right husband,  who  the  whole  time  had 
lived  solely  for  his  duty,  and  who  had 
been  so  unwearied  in  helping  and  assist- 
ing, as  far  as  possible,  those  who  had 
been  entrusted  to  him,  standing,  with 
tears  of  joy  in  his  eyes,  in  the  midst  of 
his  soldiers." 

Thus  we  find  this  loving,  this  devoted 
wife,  bearing  the  test  of  time  and  change, 
yet  preserving  the  fervor,  the  freshness, 
and  the  enthusiasm  of  her  love — an  en- 
during crown  of  youth  and  beauty  to 
ennoble  and  adorn  the  completeness  of 
her  womanhood. 

Her  daughter,  the  impetuous  little 
Frederika,  became  one  of  the  celebrated 
women  of  her  day.  She  married  the 
Count  Reden,  and  was  also  on  warm 
terms  of  friendship  with  Humboldt,  Ba- 
ron Stein,  and  many  distinguished  men. 


for  whom  her  house  was  a  favorite  resort. 
After  her  death,  Frederick  Wiliiam,  King 
of  Prussia,  caused  a  beautiful  monument 
to  be  erected  to  her  memory. 


Kate  Van  P^yck  drops  the  manuscript 
in  her  lap,  her  hands  lie  listlessly  on  the 
arms  of  the  large  chair,  and  she  gazes 
dreamily  out  of  tiie  window. 

Mrs.  Harris:  "  Well,  Kate,  how  do  you 
like  my  heroine?  " 

Miss  Van  Kyck:  "  She  is  unreal.  Do 
you  think  there  is  such  devotion  as  her's 
in  real  life?     I  never  saw  it." 

Mrs.  Harris:  "You  must  believe  with- 
out seeing,  Kate.  Romance  is  simply 
real  life  at  a  distance." 

Miss  Van  Eyck:  "  What  do  you  mean?" 

Mrs.  Harris;  "That  we  are  living  a 
romance,  as  the  people  of  every  age  and 
every  time  have  been.  One  hundred 
years  hence,  we  will  be  seen  through  a 
misty  atmosphere  of  sentiment  and  ex- 
aggeration that  will  idealize  us  and  our 
time  to  the  people  of  that  day." 

Miss  Pelham,  coming  from  the  back 
room  :  "  Do  lay  history  aside  now, 
and  let  us  discuss  the  dinner  we  are  to 
have  at  the  lake  to-morrow.  Did  you 
hear,  Mrs.  Harris,  that  Colonel  Shelby  is 
expected  from  West  Point  this  evening? " 

Mrs.  Harris:  "Yes.  He  will  be  an 
agreeable  addition  to  our  party." 

The  ladies  are  now  busy  with  the  af- 
fairs of  the  toilet,  and  soon  pass  out  to 
the  piazzas,  fresh,  composed  and  ele- 
gant, as  cultivated  women  of  ample 
means  and  honorable  connections  should 
be,  near  the  close  of  a  pleasant  day,  whose 
remaining  hours  will  be  devoted  to  ra- 
tional pleasures. 

Colonel  Shelby  arrives,  and  during  the 


A  VISIT  TO  THE  BATTLE  GROUND 


50 

evening  it  is  arranged  that  they  ^vill  all 
enjoy  a  trout  dinner  at  the  Lake  House 
on  the  following  afternoon.  Judge  Van 
Eyck  gives  orders  to  his  coachman  to  go 
early  in  the  morning,  and  order  the  dm- 
ner,  to  insure  a  good  supply  of  the  deli- 
cacies peculiar  to  the  place. 


III. 


At  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  the 
landau,  buggy  and  saddle  horses  carry 
our  pleasure  seekers  from  the      United 
States"    past   Congress    Hall    and    the 
Grand  Union.     They  sweep  around  the 
curve,  guarded  by  the  bronze  sentinel  of 
the  "  77th  Volunteers,"  who  stands  ever 
watchful  on  his  tall  granite  pedestal,  and 
on  past  the  great  spring  and  the  race- 
course, over  the  smooth,  broad  road  that 
has  been  gradually  widened  and  leveled, 
and  lifted  from  the  rugged,  man;hy  path 
of    the  wilderness  to  the  well-watered, 
evenly  graded  avenue,  with  its  continu- 
ous sidewalk  and  tempting  resting  places. 
Colonel  Shelby,  a   tall  Virginian,  rides 
with  the  easy  grace  of  a  Southerner  and 
the  precision  of  a  West  Point  graduate, 
while  Miss  Van  Eyck  manages  her  rest- 
less horse  Guido  with  ecpial  confidence 
and  skill.     Ascending  the  last  hill,  they 
catch  a  glimpse  of    the  romantic   little 
Lake  Lonely,  once  called  Owl  Ditch-a 
name  equally  significant,  though  less  me- 
lodious.    Quickening  their  speed  as  they 
reach  the  summit,  they  suddenly  rein  in 
their  horses  among  the  cluster  of  bril- 
liant equipages  at  the  Lake  House.    The 
whole  party  now  alight,  and  stand  on  the 
lawn  of  the  hill  side,  enjoying  the  beau- 
tiful view  of  Saratoga  Lake,  which  lies 
stretched  at  their  feet. 


Miss  Pelham:  "How  placid  the  lake 
is,  and  what  a  beautiful  feature  Snake 
Hill  is  in  this  view.  I  wonder  it  should 
have  received  such  a  name!  " 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "  It  was  probably 
suggested  by  the  number  of  rattlesnakes 
found  there;  they  were  once  exceedingly 
numerous  in  all  this  region.  I  like  such 
names— anything  that  indicates  a  fact  or 
idea,  absolutely  connected  with  the  place 
itself,  is  preferable  to  an  affectation  that 
applies  classical  or  historical  names  to 
our  new  places." 

Mrs.  Harris:  "There  is  an  interesting 
Indian  legend  associated  with  Snake  Hill. 
I  will   write  it  out  for  you  some  time, 

K-ate."  .       ,     J    , 

•  While  Mrs.  Harris  is  speaking  the  dark- 
faced,  white-aproned  waiter  announces 
dinner.  They  all  repair  to  the  shaded 
dining  room,  where,  over  a  luxurious  re- 
past  they  discuss  trout  and  bass;  the 
Adirondacks  and  the  Thousand  Islands, 
with  the  comparative  pleasures  and  pen- 
alties of  each-hunting,  fishing  and  camp- 
ing- 

Miss  Van  Eyck:  "  Father,  did  you  not 

tell  me  that  General  Schuyler  of  the  Rev- 
olution was  a  famous  hunter? " 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "  Yes;  that  was,  per- 
haps,  one  reason  why  he  had  such  influ- 
ence with  the  Indians;    there   was   not 
another  in  the  province,  except  the  John- 
sons of  "  Johnson  Hall,"  who  could  man- 
age them  so  well.     General  Schuyler  was 
appointed  Indian  Commissioner  in  i775. 
and  held  that  position  until  long  after  the 
Revolution.      He  was  constantly  called 
upon  by  both  Congress  and   the   State 
Government  to  conciliate  or  control  the 
restless  and  influential  tribes  of  the  bix 
Nations.     He  was  a  capital  shot  and  a 


A  VISIT  TO   THK    ItATTl.K   f.ROUND 


51 


i  the  lake 
ure  Snake 
r  it  should 

5  probably 
attlesnakes 
xceedingly 
I  like  such 
js  a  fact  or 
ih  the  place 
■tation  that 
1  names  to 

.  interesting 
Snake  Hill, 
some  time, 

ng  the  dark- 
announces 
the  shaded 
uxurious  re- 
el bass;  the 
and  Islands, 
res  and  pen- 
ig  and  camp- 

,  did  you  not 
;r  of  the  Rev- 
r?" 

that  was,  per- 
idsuch  influ- 
lere  was  not 
;ept  the  John- 
10  could  man- 
i  Schuyler  was 

ioncr  in  i775> 
Hong  after  the 
istantly  called 
ind  the  State 
or  control  the 
jes  of  the  Six 
ital  shot  and  a 


fine  liorscman,  which  seem  to  me  to  be 
incontestable  proofs  of  liis  personal  cour- 
age, which  some  jircjudiced  persons  have 
called  in  question.  Do  you  think,  Col- 
onel Shelby,  tliat  a  man  can  handle  a  gun 
witli  ease  and  accuracy  during  a  long  life, 
and  be  always  at  home  on  a  horse 
of  high  metal,  and  yet  lack  i)hysical 
courage,  esj)ecial]y  if  he  has  the  princi- 
ples and  instincts  of  a  gentleman,  as  ail 
admit  that  General  Schuyler  had?' 

Colonel  Shelby,  laughingly  "  Well, 
Judge,  I  l)elieve  General  Gates  was  a 
high-toned  gentleman  in  a  certain  sense, 
yet  he  is  said  to  have  been  an  arrant 
coward.  He  continually  shirked  danger, 
and  at  Camden  ran  like  a  fox  when  the 
hounds  are  in  pursuit.  I  think,  too,  he 
was  a  good  horseman." 

Mr  Winship,  warmly:  "You  are  not 
j  isti;  r1  in  making  such  sweeping  asser- 
ti<n  .  .  t card  to  General  Gates.  Un- 
fortv;  T  "  ) ,  by  the  force  of  circumstances, 
he  became  the  rival  of  General  Schuyler, 
who  always  showed  a  partizan  spirit,  and, 
like  all  narrow  minded  men,  could  only 
lead  a  clique.  General  Gates  saved  the 
campaign  of  '77  at  the  North,  and  he 
qannot  be  stripped  of  his  laurels.  If  he 
met  with  disasters  at  the  South  after- 
ward, it  is  no  more  than  other  command- 
ers have  suffered,  whose  characters  have 
not  been  (luestioned.  He  had  no  op- 
portunity to  retrieve  himself  after  that 
defeat  at  Camden,  but  was  immediately 
stripped  of  his  command,  which,  you 
will  remember,  was  given  to  General 
Greene." 

Colonel  Shelby:  "  I  beg  your  pardon, 
sir;  I  really  have  no  feeling  in  this  mat- 
ter, and  have  expressed  a  stronger 
opinion   than  I   entertain.      I    was   but 


(pioting  the  statements  of  a  leading  New 
Yorker,  wlio  is  familiar  with  these  dis- 
puted points,  and  should  know  more 
about  it  than  I  do." 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "  You  were  quite  right, 
Colonel,  It  recpiires  little  uivestigation  to 
learn  that  General  Gates  deserved  all  the 
censure  he  has  received,  and  more.  He 
was  an  infamous  intriguer  against  Gen- 
eral Washington,  as  well  as  against  Gen- 
eral Schuyler.  His  success  at  Saratoga 
brouglit  into  full  blossom  the  seeds  of 
his  presumptuous  aspirations.  He  made 
no  report  of  the  surrender  there  to  the 
Commander-in-Chief.  He  sent  it  di- 
rectly, and  only,  to  Congress  by  Wilkin- 
son, who  was  so  long  in  delivering  it  that 
when  Congress,  overflowing  with  grati- 
tude for  his  good  tidings,  voted  him  a 
sword,  a  shrewd  Scotchman  observed: 
'  I  think  ye'll  better  gie  the  lad  a  pair  of 
spurs.'  You  know  General  Gates'  con- 
nection with  the  'Conway  Cabal,"  do 
you  not?  If  he  was  not  its  master  spirit, 
he  at  least  labored  to  gain  the  greatest 
possible  advantage  from  its  success.  He 
had  succeeded  in  supplanting  Schuyler; 
he  had  robbed  him  of  his  ripening  fame; 
had  calumniated  and  degraded  him,  yet 
he  considered  this  but  a  stepping  stone 
to  the  main  object  of  his  ambition — the 
chief  command  of  the  whole  army.  The 
extent  of  his  efforts  and  the  support  he 
received  in  Congress  has  never  been  made 
known,  and  never  will  be.  The  sei;sions 
of  Congress  were  held  with  closed  doors; 
the  after  success  and  continued  popular- 
ity of  Washington  induced  the  members, 
who  had  opposed  him  and  favored  Gates 
to  be  very  close-mouthed,  while  their 
colleagues  of  the  other  side  were  gener- 
ous, and  said  nothing.     It  is  well  known 


52 


A  VISIT  TO   THE  BATTLE   GROUND 


that  C.alcs  was  constantly  hanging  about 
the  doors  of  Congress;  and  you  know, 
Colone',  that  to  this  day  the  choice  places 
are  often  secured  by  the  officers  who  fre- 
<,uent  the  capitol,  keep  a  sharp  lookout 
for  their  own  interests,  and  stimulate  the 
ardor  of  their  friends— human  nature  is 

ever  the  same. 

"  It  was  in  the  restless  desire  to  elevate 
Gates   that   John    Adams   ridiculed  the 
'Fabian'    policy    of    Washington;    the 
promptings  of  Cates,  then  in   consulta- 
tion with  Congressional  friends,  pushed 
on  the  bitter  invectives  against  the  un- 
fortunate  but   faithful   Clenerals   of  the 
North,  when  it  was   said    m    Congress: 
'We  must  shoot  a  Ceneral  before  we  can 
win  a  victorv.'     In  one  of  the  most  try- 
ing hours  of  Washington's  life,  when  he 
was  giving  orders  for  the  famous  passage 
of  the    Delaware,   Cxates   failed   hnn   as 
usual,  and  made  off  to  Baltimore,  where 
Congress  was  then  in  session;  and,  ac- 
cording to  Wilkinson,  he  spent  the  time 
on   his  journey  criticizing  Washington  s 
plan  for  the  winter  campaign,  and  con- 
structing one  of  his  own,  that,  he  said, 
it  was  his  intention  to  propose  to  Con- 
gress     What  sort  of   conduct  was  this 
for  a  military  man,  to  leave  the  fighting 
behind  him,  and  run  after  politicians;  to 
criticize  where  he  should  have  obeyed? 
Upon  my  word,  I  think  it  was  a  worse 
'run'   than   the   one  at   Camden,   mas- 
much  as  fear  is  a  more  inspiritmg  mo- 
tive than  deliberate  selfishness." 

Mr.  Winship  :  "  You  have  brought  a 
miscellaneous  set  of  charges  against 
General  Gates,  Judge,  each  of  which 
would  require  a  long  explanation,  but 
you  must  admit  that  he  had  some  just 


cause  of  complaint  to  Congress,  and  I 
suppose   ho    had  a  right  to  present  his 
grievances    and   try  to  obtain  their   re- 
dress     If    Schuyler  was  superseded   oy 
him,  was  he  not  also  superseded  time  and 
again.     If  he  did  not  consider  General 
Washington  infallible,  according  to  your 
own    account,   there   were    many    who 
agreed  with  him,  and  surely  some  undue 
elation  might  be  pardoned  after  su.^h  a 
triumph  as  that  of  Saratoga.      Ihe  Mat- 
tery and  adulation  he  received  in  conse- 
quence of  that  might  naturally  have  sug- 
gested the  ambition  you  attribute  to  him 
if  there  was  already  dissatisfaction  with 
the  chief  of  the  army. 

"  After  the  Conway  difficulty  had  been 
settled,  all  accounts  agree   in  declaring 
that  General  Gates  conducted  himself 
with  great  dignity  and  propnety-as  he 
did,  in  fact,  on  many  trying  occasions. 
Always  in  his  intercourse  with  the  Brit- 
ish, and  with  the  people  of  the  country 
where  his  army  was  located,  from  time 
to  time,  he  displayed  wisdom  and  moder- 
aion      He  was  uncompromising  in  his 
adherence  to  the  great  principles  of  the 
revolution,  and  the  respect  accorded  him 
by  foreigners,  who  judged  dispassionately 
of  the  men  of  those  times,  should  save 
him  from  the  petty  attacks  of  partizan 

feeling."  .     ,  .     ,         j« 

Mrs  Harris  :     "  Mr.  Wmship,  how  do 
you  account  for  the  singular  conduct  of 
General  Gates  in  delaying,  after  the  sur- 
render of  Saratoga,  to  reinforce  Wash- 
ington with  the  recruits  that  had  been 
detached  from  the  main  army  ?     Gene- 
ral  Morgan  obtained    permission   from 
Gates  to  return  in  advance  of  the  other 
division." 


A  VISIT   TO   TIIK   HATTI.E   CROIJND 


S3 


ss,  and  I 
resent  his 

their  rc- 
rsedcd  hy 
i  time  and 
r  General 
ig  to  your 
nany  who 
jme  undue 
ter  such  a 

The  flat- 
i  in  conse- 
y  have  sug- 
ute  to  him, 
action  with 

ty  had  been 
n  declaring 
ted  himself 
riety— as  he 
g  occasions, 
ith  the  Brit- 

the  country 
[,  from  time 
1  and  moder- 
nising in  his 
ciples  of  the 
iccorded  him 
spassionately 

should  save 
s  of  partizan 

iship,  how  do 
lar  conduct  of 
after  the  sur- 
nforce  Wash- 
hat  had  been 
irmy  ?  Gene- 
rmission  from 
;e  of  the  other 


Mr.  Winship :  "General  Gates  had 
good  reason  for  believing  that  a  most 
advantageous  movement  could  be  made 
in  this  State " 

Miss  Pelham,  inteirujUing :  "Was 
not  Morgan  one  of  the  picturescpie 
heroes— a  sort  of  bandit  ?  Bryant  has 
written  some  verses  about  him,  'Our 
band  is  few,  but  true  and  tried.'" 

Mrs.  Harris,  smiling  :  "  The  verses 
relate  to  Marion  and  iiis  men.  Morgan 
urged  upon  Gates  the  serious  need  of  the 
commander-in-chief  for  the  services  of 
his  corps,  knowing  as  he  did,  that  Wash- 
ington had  organized  it  for  special  pur- 
poses connected  with  his  unmediate  com- 
mand, and  a  reluctant  consent  was  ob- 
tained from  Gates  to  allow  its  departure 
in  advance  of  the  other  regiments. 
"Washington  had  written  that  the  want 
of  these  troops  from  the  North,  embar- 
rassed all  his  measures.  He  finally  sent 
Colonel  Hamilton  to  hasten  them,  and 
after  great  delay  and  hesitation  on  the 
part  of  Crates,  Hamilton  wrote  to  Wash- 
ington that  he  doubted  whether  he  would 
have  had  a  man  from  the  northern  army 
if  they  could  have  been  kept  with  any 
decency,  yet  Governor  Clinton  had  urged 
Gates  to  forward  the  troops  to  Wasliing- 
ton's  army,  telling  him  that  'upon  its 
success  every  thing  worth  regarding  de- 
pended.' This,  you  will  remember, 
Judge,  was  just  before  the  terrible  winter 
at  Valley  Forge,  and  Washington  must 
have  felt  that  his  misfortunes  during  the 
fall  were  owing  in  a  large  measure  to  the 
sacrifice  he  had  made  in  sending  the  con- 
tinental regiments  to  assist  Gates,  who 
delayed  them  so  unreasonably.  Yet, 
Washington  declared  at  that  time  that, 


if  the  cause  were  advanced,  he  cared  not 
in  what  (piarter  it  happened.'" 

Judge  Van  Eyck  :  "The  delay  of 
Gates  is  similar  to  that  of  T.ee,  just  after 
the  fall  «)f  Fort  Washington  ;  he  was  then 
the  hero  of  the  hour,  as  Gates  was  at  this 
time.  The  recpiests,  entreaties  and  com- 
mands of  Washington  were  alike  disre- 
garded by  Lee,  who  held  on  to  the  trcjops, 
thinking  he  could  seize  upon  a  favorable 
oi)p()rtunity  to  strike  al)lowatthe  IJritish 
in  New  York  Cjty,  anil  thus  raise  himsulf 
over  Ills  superior.  The  same  desires 
and  the  same  schemes  instigated  Gates  ; 
he  cherished  a  hope  that  he  and  I'ut- 
nam  could  drive  Sir  Henry  Clinton  out 
of  New  York  City — thus  a  brilliant  dash, 
that  would  bring  personal  ci/ij/,  filled  the 
minds  of  these  two  men  wJio  had  little 
conception  of  the  larger  schemes  and 
more  elaborate  end  toward  which  Wash- 
ington was  patiently  toiling.  The  head 
of  each  liad  grown  light  with  a  tempo- 
rary triumpli  ;  it  reipiires  the  exercise  of 
greater  qualities  for  a  man  to  i)reserve 
his  e(iuilibrium  upon  the  summit  of  a 
great  success,  than  to  rise  above  the 
depression  of  a  disastrous  failure." 

Mrs.  Harris  :  "  I  thought  General 
Gates  was  planning  a  winter  campaign 
into  Canada  about  that  time." 

Judge  Van  Eyck  :  "  That  was  later, 
during  the  winter,  when  he  was  head  of 
the  board  of  war.  Do  you  remember 
how  they  had  La  Fayette,  not  then  twenty- 
one  years  old,  appointed  commander  of 
this  expedition,  which  was  a  mere  shadow, 
for  they  never  collected  either  troops  or 
stores  for  it,  but  sent  La  Fayette  and  De 
Kalb  with  a  retinue  of  officers  to  Albany. 
The  poor  young  marquis  wrote  most  pa- 


54 


A  VISIT  TO  Till-:  is.vrn.E  ground 


% 


I 
i 


thctically  U>  Wasliinitton,  complaining  of 
the  hidi<  roiis  i>ositi()n  in  \vhi;h  he  was 
placed,  and  which  he  declared  would 
make  him  the  laughin-  stock  of  l",urope. 
The  scheme  was  found  to  be  impracti- 
cable, and  as  usual,  Congress  had  to  re- 
turn to  the  quiet,  far-sighted  methods 
advised  by  Washington." 

Mr.    Winship:     "Judge,     you     travel 
over  a  great  deal  of   ground  in  making 
out  your  case  against  General  ('.ales,  but 
some  how  you  have  not  touched  tlie  im- 
portant   point    as    between    C'.ales    and 
Schuyler.     Was    it    not   a  wise  decision 
that    gave    Gates    the  command    of  tlie 
northern  army  before  the  battle  of  Sara- 
toga ?     Why,  Burgoyne  had  already  run 
Schuyler  nearly  into  Albany.     He  was  at 
Van  Shaick's  Island,  where  he  could  not 
possibly    have   maintained    himself;  the 
British  could  have  ( rossed  the  Mohawk 
above  him.     In  fact,  I  think  it  was  by 
the  route  crossing  those  ferries  that  Gene- 
ral   rhillips    advised    Burgoyne    to    ad- 
vance frtjm  Lake  George.     Some  persons 
contend  that  Burgoyne's  failure  to  follow 
this  advance  was  the  cause  of  his  dis- 
asters." 


Judge    Van    Eyck  :     "You    are 


mis 


taken,  Mr.  Winship,  about   the  strength 
of  the  position  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mo- 
hawk, and  you  forget  that  General  Schuy- 
ler   retained   his    headquarters    at    Still- 
water, and  evidently  intended  to  advance 
his  whole  army  as  soon  as    it  was  in  a 
condition  to  meet  the  enemy.     It  would 
have  been  sheer   madness  to  encounter 
such  an    army  as    Burgoyne's  with   the 
h;:ndful   of   militia    Schuyler    then    had, 
and  with  his  scarcity  of  arms  and  ammu- 
nition.    Gates  is  excused  six  weeks  later 
for  not  following  up  the  battle  of  the  19th 


of  September,  because  he  was  short  of 
ammunition.     Schuyler,     wliile     still    at 
Fort   I'dward,   liad  ordered   Hie  window 
leads  to  be  taken  from   all   the  houses  111 
Albmv,  and  melted  into  bails,  but  it  re- 
quired   time    to    carry    out     this    order. 
Gates  reaped  the  benefit  of  it,  and  many 
others.     When    Schuyler    was    at    Van 
Schaick's  Island,  it  may  be  said  that  he 
had  neither  men,    guns,   or   lead.     The 
very  desperation  of   hk    condition,  an.l 
the  efforts  he  made  to  remedy  it  reacted 
in  lifting  Gates  over  his  shoulders." 

Mr.  Winship:  "  B'Ut  Schuyler  was 
responsible  for  the  bad  condition  of 
things  ;  why  had  he  not  collected  the 
militia,  prepared  proper  equipments,  and 
placed  himself  in  a  secure  position  before 

this?" 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "  Gates  was  the  man 
who  should  have  done  that,  if  it  could 
have  been  done,  which  I  doubt.    He  was 
in    command    of  the   Northern    Depart- 
ment during  the  spring,  when  arrange- 
ments should  have  been  perfected  for  the 
summer  campaign.     The  lesson  of  years, 
the  experience  of  every  war  in  this  coun- 
try  proved  that  the  defenses  of  the  Hud- 
son, with  those  of  Lakes  Champlain  and 
(ieorge,  would  be  the  first  objects  of^  at- 
tack.    During  the  i)revious  winter,  Gen- 
eral Schuyler's  orders  to  his  officers  show 
the  activity  of  his  preparations  for   the 
coming  campaign;  and  just  as  these  orders 

might  have  become  effective  by  the  com- 
bination and  direction  they  would  receive 
from  the  controlling  mind  that  had  con- 
ceived them,  their  force  was  dissipated 
and  destroyed  by  a  change  of  command- 
ers, caused  by  the  restless  ambition  of 
Gates,  then  at  Ticonderoga.  Thus  were 
the    affairs   of  the    department   in   great 


A  VISIT  TO  THE   HATTLE   GKOUND 


55 


short  of 

still    at 

window 
lOUscs  in 
)iit  it  rc- 
is  order, 
nd  many 

at  Van 
I  that  he- 
ld. The 
tion,  and 
t  reacted 
ers. 

lyler  was 
idition  of 
ected  the 
lents,  and 
ion  before 

as  the  nuin 
i  it  could. 
t.    He  was 
n    Depart- 
n  arrange- 
;ted  for  the 
in  of  years, 
1  this  coun- 
if  the  Hud- 
mplain  and 
jects  of  at- 
'inter,  Gen- 
fficers  show 
)ns  for   the 
these  orders 
by  the  coni- 
oukl  receive 
at  had  con- 
is  dissipated 
f  command - 
ambition  of 
Thus  were 
-nt   in  great 


confusion  at  the  most  imjjortant  moment, 
for  when  Schuyler  returned  to  the  com- 
mand in  June,  JJurgoyne  was  already 
prepared  for  his  advance,  which  was 
made  with  great  rajjidity  in  the  begin- 
ning." 

Colonel  Shelby:  "  1  think  there  is  too 
much  importance  attached  to  the  capa- 
bilities and  actions  of  the  < ommandeis 
of  the  .\merican  army  in  this  campaign. 
We  are  apt  tcj  forget  the  real  condition  of 
affairs  that  no  immediate  skill  could 
remedy.  The  militia  every  where  were 
reluctant  to  turn  out,  unless  their  own 
neighborhood  was  in  danger,  especially 
at  a  season  when  their  crops  were  to  be 
planted.  The  Continental  army  was  not 
only  small,  but  undisciplined;  it  could 
scarcely  be  said  to  have  an  organization 
until  some  months  later,  when  Steuben 
began  his  system  of  training,  I'he  con- 
ception of  a  Nation  to  be  established  or 
defended  had  but  a  vague  hold  on  the 
minds  of  the  people.  It  was  only  the 
strong  stimulus  of  fear,  indignation  or 
success,  such  as  it  was  the  good  luck  of 
General  Gates  to  strike  upon — caused 
then  by  the  absolute  invasion  of  i)eace- 
ful  homes,  the  cruel  murder  of  Jane 
McCrea,  and  the  victory  of  Bennington 
— that  could  inspire  the  enthusiasm  nec- 
esi-ary  to  draw  an  army  together,  and 
push  it  to  victory.  And  when  such  an 
army  was  collected,  it  became  neces- 
sary to  put  it  into  immediate  action,  or  it 
soon  fell  to  pieces.  It  was  this  propen- 
sity to  dissolve,  perceptible  to  the  quick 
eye  of  Arnold,  that  led  him  to  write  to 
Gates,  even  when  he  sat  sullenly  in  camp 
without  a  command,  saying  that  he  felt 
in  honor  bound  to  disclose  to  him  the 
restless   impatience  of    his    trooj)s,   who 


were  threatening  to  leave  the  camp  in  large 
numbers,  if  they  were  not  soon  led  into 
some  active  service." 

Mr.  Winship:  "Gates  was  only  using 
a  necessary  precaution  at  that  time,  lor 
he  found  great  difficulty  in  obtaining  in- 
formation of  lUirgoyne's  movements,  and 
he  had  but  just  begun  the  fortifications 
at  T.emis'  Heights." 

Colonel  Shelby:  "Yes;  I  remember 
that  this  uncertainty  about  Rurgoyne's 
whereabouts  is  mentioned  by  Wilkinson 
in  his  memoirs.  In  his  usual  style,  Wil- 
kinson makes  himself  the  hero  of  a 
reconnoissance  made  by  a  detachment  of 
Morgan's  corps.  The  truth  is  that  lUir- 
goyne's Indians  had  been  too  numerous 
and  too  shrewd  for  all  the  scouts  sent 
out  by  Gates,  who  were  either  captured 
or  deceived.  It  was  finally  determined 
that  Morgan  should  select  one  of  the 
most  courageous  and  adroit  of  his  offi- 
cers, who  would  advance  as  near  as  pos- 
sible to  Burgoyne's  camp,  and  obtain 
the  necessary  information,  The  duty 
was  assigned  to  Lieutenant  Hardin,  who 
conducted  it  with  skill  and  success.  In 
Wilkinson's  narration  of  this  exi)edition, 
he  pays  a  fine  tribute  to  Hardin's  ser- 
vices later  in  the  war,  while  complacently 
putting  him  in  the  background  on  this 
occasion." 

Miss  Van  Eyck:  "  Father,  is  he  the  Wil- 
kinson who  says  that  Arnold  was  not  on 
the  battle  field  at  Saratoga  on  the  day 
of  the  first  fight,  and  will  give  him  no 
credit  for  the  second  battle?  " 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "Well,  Kate,  I  be- 
lieve  the  ladies — all  ladies — are  pleased, 
as  you  seem  to  be,  with  Arnold's  cra/.y 
capers.  He  may  have  done  some  good 
service  at  Saratoga,  but  after  all  he  was 


56 


A   VISIT   TO    llIK    ItAllLK   C.UOIIND 


f 


.    rc.kless    he.astronR    scoundrel.       I  Mr.  Winship:  "  Conf.rm.ng  the  adage, 

do,  •    1  ko'  ike  to  f.nd  young  people  <  her-  '  that  a  man's  heart  hes  m  h.s  stomach, 

h  ,  g  my  iu.imental  reg=ui  for  him.-  I  r.n  easily  believe  that  h.s  courage  does; 

nWinship:  "ItisanuestionJthink,  we   are   all  hahle   t^nnv  famt-hear.e, 

wlu.n  1  nnn  vields  t<,  a  great  temptation  waUmg  for  a  long  delayed  meal. 
:^.n;s,.nonuntus  act,  whether        Judge  Van  Eyck:  "  h  .scertam  that  Uur- 

thi    s        d  thn.;  discredit  on  his  former  goyne's  precar.ous  pos.t.on  was  owmg  ,n  a 

this  should  ^^^^^^  measure  to  this  diftuulty.      Kvery 

"TreV.nKyck:  "  1  do  not  think  it  pound  of  pork  he  distributed  was  brought 

sl,o     1     \nd  1  am  sure  that  ..Krnold.  in  urg-  frou.  Ireland; '  and  among  the  three  causes 

,n\;ates  the  necessity  of  meeting  of  failure  speciHed  by  Hur^.yne  s  la  est 

,;     y   e  on  the  ..th  of  September,  was  biographer,  one  .s  a    want  of  adnnn.stra- 
Kd  by  the  most  honorable  motives,     tive  arrangement   and    preparednes     m 
.  ,,\,,U  iJs  judgment  was  correct;  it  is     the   essentials  of  army   supply.      Yet   I 
.o  tlvit  if  P.uruovne  had  not     am  far  from  thinkmg  that  tins  scarcity  of 
i::!r:;;i^:d  :!:  U  J:::  that  he  wou^     provisions  wo^d  have  .ed  to  nurgoyne-s 
Have  driven  C.ates  back  to  Albany,  or     cap^re.^^  ^^^^^^^    ^^  ^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^^^ 

ThTladies  ot  the  party  now  excused     some  statements  lately  that  assert  it  was 
them!elves     nd  wandered  down  to  the     St.   Clair,  instead  of  Sohuy  er  who  u.- 
ak       lor        The    gentlemen    disposing     peded  Wood  Creek,  and  fe  led  trees  on 
themselvel'  comforUblv.    and     lighting     the    road   bet^veen    Skenesborough    and 
their  cigars,  continued  the  conversation.     Fort  l-khv-ard?  ..,,,,,,,  ,i„eere 

Colonel  Shelby:  "  Do  you  know  it  is         Judge  Van  Eyck  1  h     e  a    mcere 

freouently  said  now  that  neither  of  the  respect  for  General  St.  Cla.r.  who  suf 
batUes  of  Saratoga  were  necessary?  I  do  fered  undeservedly  so  n.any  n..sforttmes. 
^ot  know  udget  whether  you  belong  to  but  I  am  sure  he  wotdd  have  indulged  tn 
th  p"ty'  t  lat  c  aims  General  Schuyler  a  dry.  incredulous  smde  at  that  sugges- 
had  '  blggcd  the  game '  before  General  ticm.  He  was  plodding  his  way  through 
Gates  arrved  in  famp.  They  say  that  the  wilderness  from  Cast  eton,  and  quite 
Bur^oyne-'s  ate  was  iievitablJ  from  the  to  the  east,  while  Scluiy^er  was  destroy^ 
tZ:Ti  Stark  annihilated  the  German  ing  the  road  between  Sl*enesborough and 
el  n^^^^^^^^^  Schuyler  hav-     Fort  Edward,  where  St  Clair  joined  him 

ng  pre  ously  stripped  the  country  of  after  his  mysterious  disappearance  of 
;::^Iions  so\.o,4letely  .to  paraly.  sev^Wla..  ;---;--- 
Eureovne's   movements.     \  ou    know    it     of   St.   L-lair  s  qivimu..  ,,,■,„ 

h  slTn  said  that  '  an  army  moves  on  fight  of  Fort  Anne  had  rocks  rolled  mto 
its  belly  •  which  is  true;  the  strictest  dis-  the  creek  as  he  retreated,  but  this  was  a 
cbHn  "the  staunchest  courage  and  best  small  matter  compared  wUh  the  work 
equ  pments  are  useless,  if  soldiers  are  that  was  done.  Sc  .uyler  s  orders  to 
poTfed.  m  modern  warfare,  the  Generals  Fellows  and  Nixon  and  many 
conmissariat  is  justly  considered  the  others,  dated  at  Fort  Edward,  before  St. 
herof  the  army  '•  ^  .         Clair  arrived,  show  what  active  measures 


A  VISIT  TO  THE   ilATir.K   (;i<on\i) 


57 


he  adage, 
stomacli.' 
rage  docs; 
it-hearlc' 
1." 

nthat  lUir- 
owing  in  ;i 
,'.  *  Kvery 
as  brought 
iree  causes 
nc's  latest 
dministra- 
■edness  in 
y.'  Yet  I 
scarcity  of 
liurgoyne's 

ou  noticed 
jsert  it  was 
r,  who  im- 
•d  tries  on 
irough   and 

e  a  sincere 
ir,  who  suf- 
nisfortunes, 
indulged  in 
hat  sugges- 
vay  through 
r>,  and  quite 
k'as  destroy- 
borough  and 
r  joined  him 
pearance   of 
Dionei  Long, 
r  his  gallant 
s  rolled  into 
It  this  was  a 
th  the  work 
's    orders    to 
n,  and  many 
rd,  before  St. 
live  measures 


he  was  taking  to  impede  the  roads,  and 
to  stri])  the  country  of  provisions  and 
wagons  tlia*.  miglu  aid  the  enemy.  He 
also  gave  the  most  careful  orders  in  re- 
gard to  the  intimidation  of  tories,  and 
encouragement  of  patriots,  and  for  secur- 
ing the  guns  and  stores  at  Fort  (leorge, 
and  at  the  same  time  he  was  using  the 
utmost  vigilance  to  protect  the  western 
frontier.  I  tell  you,  sir  ;  the  energy,  the 
extraordinary  liusiness  ca|)acity  and  the 
unflinching  courage  of  Schuyler,  exer- 
cised at  that  time,  whe.\  all  was  dark 
and  tlireatening,  saved  tlie  campaign  of 
'77.  It  was  at  the  very  moment  when 
lUirgoyne  considered  himself  invincible, 
and  was  prepared  to  push  rapidly  for- 
ward, that  Schuyler,  with  a  shattered, 
despairing,  emjjty-handed  s(]uad  of  men, 
put  shovels  and  axes  in  their  hands,  and 
urging,  scolding,  and  imploring,  pushed 
them  right  and  left  to  turn  the  very  trees 
and  rocks  into  frowning  defences  and 
sheltering  walls,  that  would  conceal  the 
weakness  of  his  force." 

Mr.  Winship  :  "  I  do  not  deny  that. 
Judge,  but  why  had  Schuyler  so  weak  a 
force  ?  Because  he  had  not  the  qualities 
necessary  to  collect  or  keep  an  army,  or 
keep  it  together  at  that  time.  His  aris- 
tocratic, overbearing  manners  made  him 
repulsive  to  the  militia;  he  had  no  influ- 
ence over  them,  and  his  partizan  feelings 
separated  him  from  many  of  the  officers. 
He  could  not  stand  even  behind  the  de- 
fences he  had  made,  but  was  compelled 
to  retreat  again  and  again.  When  Gates 
took  the  command,  he  immediately  ad- 
vanced, posted  himself  in  a  strong  jx)- 
sition,  and  then  set  about  surrounding 
Burgoync  on  every  side.  He  succeeded 
in  doing  this,  and  thus  he  obviated  the 


necessity  for  an  open  fight.  I  believe 
denoral  dates  was  right  in  wishing  to 
avoid  such  a  risk.  Was  it  not  a  neces- 
sary |)recaution.  Colonel  ?" 

Colonel  Shelby  :  "(),  no,  sir!  \'ou 
are  mistaken.  The  .Americans  were 
nuich  better  at  a  dash  or  a  skirmish  in 
the  woods  than  behind  entrenchments. 
I'he  plan  of  Burgoyne  for  the  19th  of 
September,  was  a  skillful  one,  and  he  had 
the  means  for  success,  while  his  chances 
were  very  fair.  Clates  had  not  com- 
pleted the  entrenchments  at  Bemis' 
Heights.  When  he  was  informed  of 
Burgoyne's  advance,  he  had  the  baggage 
wagons  packed,  and  they  stood  in  long 
lines  behind  the  camp  the  whole  day,  in 
readiness  for  a  retreat,  which  he  evi- 
dently thought  would  be  necessary.  If 
the  army  had  remained  quietly  behind 
their  works,  as  dates  intended  they 
should  do,  it  is  highly  probable  that 
Burgoyne  would  have  accomplished  his 
design.  In  that  event  the  American 
camp  would  have  been  laid  open  to  him 
in  the  identical  way  in  which  the  British 
camp  was  exposed  to  our  troops  after 
the  capture  of  Breyman's  redoubt,  in 
the  battle  of  the  7th.  If  Burgoyne  had 
been  permitted  to  advance  but  little 
further  than  he  really  did,  when  his 
forces  encountered  Morgan,  he  would 
have  gained  possession  of  the  heights 
from  which  Morgan,  in  the  last  battle, 
hurled  himself  upon  Frazer's  five  hun- 
dred. These  heights  commanded  the 
left  of  the  American  camp,  and  Phillips' 
artillery  would  soon  have  bristled  among 
those  trees,  and  swept  (iates  from  Bemis' 
Heights,  as  Burgoyne  was  swept  from 
his  camp  on  the  night  of  the  7th  of  Oc- 
tober.    No,  sir  ;  it  was  not  mere  impa- 


|: 


58 


A  VISIT  TO  THK   HATTLE  (.ROUND 


tiencc  that  instigated    Arnold  ;  he   had 
the  eye  an<l  the  spirit  of  a  soldier,  wretch 
as   lie  afterwards  proved    himself.     His 
entreaties  to   be  allowed  to  meet   Bur- 
goynes    advance    saved    the    American 
camp  on  the  igtli  «>f  September,  and  tlie 
check    received    then  was  after   all  the 
fir.l    insurmountable  obstacle  that  Hur- 
goyne  had  encountered.     It  was  Arnold's 
desperate  valor  in  the  next  ( ontest   that 
drove  I'.urgoyne  back  upon   his  retreat, 
and    into    the    terrible  circle  where  the 
cautious  C.ates  finally  came  up  and  se- 
,ured  him,  and  there  is  no  doubt  but  the 
roar  of  Sir  Henry  Clinton's  artillery  on 
the  lower  Hudson  <aused  him  to  let  his 
game  out  on  easy  terms." 

Mr.  Winship:  "  Well,  really,  Colonel,  1 
thought  you  were  going  to  take  an  im- 
partial  view  of  these  matters,  but  you 
are  as  prejudiced  as  the   Judge.      You 
must   admit,   however,    that   if   Clinton 
had  followed  up  the  advantage  he  gained 
on  the  Hudson,  as  it  was  reasonable  to 
suiMH)se  he  would,  there  could  have  been 
no    question    about    the    importance    ot 
(;atcs'   securing  the  surrender  with  all 
possible  despatch." 

Colonel    Shelby:    "That    is    a   strong 
point  for  C.eneral  dates;  under  the  cir- 
cumstances, it  was  wise  for  him  to  hurry, 
but  he  had   Burgoyne  so  completely  in 
his  power  that  he  might  easily  have  dic- 
tated his  own  terms.     Did  you  ever  no- 
tice.   Judge,   in   the   accounts   of   these 
battles  how  vaguely  the  American  artill- 
ery is  mentioned,  and  yet  it  evidently 
contributed  largely  to  the  successful  re- 
sult?    We  are  told  the  story  of  the  can- 
non ball  that  struck    the  table  around 
which  Burgoyne  and  his  officers  sat  while 
considering   the  necessity  for   capitula- 


tion, and  we  can  realize  how  powerTirt 
an  argument  it  was  in  hastening  the  de- 
cision      We  hear  poetic  allusions  to  the 
cannon  balls  that  fell  among  the  officer? 
who  stood  around  Frazer's  grave,  and  of 
other  balls  tearing    through   the   house 
where    Madame      Riedesel    and    many 
wounded  had  taken  refuge      She  repeat- 
edly refers  to  the  terrific  cannonading, 
especially  on  the  afternoon  of  the   loth 
of  October,   when   a  halt  was  made  at 
old  Saratoga,  and  the  British  were  thrown 
into  'great  confusion  and  disorder;'  but 
all  these  hints  are  vague;  there  is  no  ac- 
count of  the  position  in  which  the  guns 
were  placed,  either  during  the  battles  or 
afterwards,  but  some  of  these  positions 
are  found  on  British  military  maps;    and 
little  mention  of  the  officers  who  com- 
manded them." 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "  You  know,  I  sup- 
pose, that  Major  Stevens  had  command 
of  the  artillery  of  the  Northern  Depart- 
ment at  that  time.     In  the  retreat  from 
Ticondcroga,  he  took    a  number  of  his 
guns  on  the  batteau.x,  but  they  were  lost, 
of  course,   at   Skenesborough.      In   Au- 
gust, he  wrote  from  Stillwater  to  C.eneral 
Kno'x  that  he  was  actively  engaged  in 
preparations  for  an  attack  from  the  en- 
emy.    He  undoubtedly  handled  the  ar- 
tillery very   skillfully,  not   only    in   the 
battles  of  Saratoga,  but  in  the  intervals 
of  waiting  he  gave  Burgoyne  continual 
reminders  of  the  precarious  position  he 
rccupied,  and  during  the  last  days  be- 
fore  the   armistice   that    preceded    the 
surrender,   the    artillery    harrassed    the 
British  incessantly.    Major  Stevens'  con- 
duct   was   appreciated  at   the  time,  for 
he  received  a  resolution  of  thanks  from 
Congress  for  his  efficient  services,  and 


A   VlSir    TO    IIIK    HAITI  I'.   CKOIND 


59 


powerfifl 
the  de- 
ns to  the 
e  orticer? 
e,  and  of 
ic   house 
ul    many 
ic  rept-at- 
-vonading, 
the   loth 
made  at 
re  tlirown 
•der;  ■  but 
J  is  no  ac- 
1  the  guns 
battles  or 
•  positions 
naps;    and 
who  com- 

ow,  I  sup- 
command 
rn  l)e part- 
treat  from 
iber  of  his 
y  were  lost, 
In   Au- 
to (ieneral 
engaged  in 
om  the  en- 
led  the  ar- 
inly    in   the 
he  intervals 
e  continual 
position  he 
ist  days  be- 
eceded    the 
rrassed    the 
tevens'  con- 
he  time,  for 
thanks  from 
ervices,  and 


strict  attention  to  duty,  while  command- 
ing olTic.er  of  artillery  of  the  Northern 
Department." 

Colonel  Shelby:  "  I  am  glad  ti>  know 
that.  In  fart,  our  best  histories  are 
very  deficient  in  many  particulars  that 
are  full  of  interest,  and  are  of  importance 
in  any  effort  to  understand  tiie  events  of 
the  revolutionary  perioil.  It  is  perhaps 
l)e<ause  tlie  records  of  public  men,  their 
letters  and  official  papers,  are  still  in  pos- 
session of  private  families,  many  of 
which  do  not  know  the  value  of  the  pa- 
pers they  hold." 

Judge  Van  Eyck':  "It  is  a  subject 
on  which  the  people  need  instruction, 
and  in  which  their  interest  should  be 
aroused.  There  is  scarcely  an  event, 
or  a  single  individual  even  remotely  con- 
nected with  the  revolution  that  has  not 
an  historic  interest.  This  was  peculi- 
arly so  in  regard  to  private  soldiers  and 
subordinate  officers,  who  were  so  often 
persons  of  influence  outside  of  the  army, 
and  whose  opinions  and  actions  were  of 
more  consecpience  than  their  rank  would 
indicate." 

Mr.  Winship:  That  is  true.  Judge, 
and  is  the  reason  why  the  New  England 
men  were  so  often  misunderstood  and 
berated  by  Schuyler  and  other  aristo- 
cratic New  Yorkers.  Every  man  from 
New  England  knew  he  was  a  power  in 
himself." 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "Yes,  they  had 
conceit  enough.  That  might  have  been 
overlooked  if  their  actions  had  corres- 
ponded with  their  opinion  of  themselves, 
but  unfortunately,  when  the  fighting  or 
hard  service  was  at  hand,  they  too  often 
made  off  for  home.  They  were  an  in- 
subordinate, hard-headed  set." 


Mr.  Winship:  "Perhaps  so,  when 
under  till'  direi  tion  of  purse-proud  Dutch 
New  \()rkers.  When  oIVk  ered  by  men 
in  whom  they  had  confidence,  the  New 
l',n};lainl  niililia  were  iiiviiu  ibie.  Re- 
member what  they  ilid  at  llennington,  at 
Saratoga,  and  in  the  detachments  sent 
out  by  lancoln," 

Judge  Van  Kyck:  "Well,  .Mr.  Win- 
shij),  you  and  I  will  have  to  (■oni|)roniise. 
AVhen  you  come  down  to  my  country 
house,  you  must  read  the  letters  and  or- 
tlers  of  (Ieneral  .Sc  luiyler,  which  furnish 
an  authentic  history  of  what  he  did,  and 
endeavored  to  do  during  the  Saratoga 
campaign.  They  are  a  complete  vindi- 
cation of  every  charge  that  has  been 
brought  against  him." 

Mr.  Winship  :  "  I  will  be  glad  to  ob- 
tain any  new  information  on  this  subject, 
but  1  am  confident  that  although  Oeneral 
Schuyler  may  be  thoroughly  vindicated, 
that  Creneral  Gates  cannot  be  justly  the 
subject  of  censure.  He  must  be  ac- 
knowledged at  all  times  as  a  skillful,  hu- 
mane, and  dignified  commander,  and 
the  hero  of  Saratoga  " 

Colonel  Shelby  :  "  I  think,  gentlemen, 
we  had  better  go  and  find  the  ladies." 
It  grows  dark  in-doors,  and  the  gentlemen 
walk  down  the  hill  to  the  lake  shore. 
They  join  the  ladies  who  sit  on  the 
benches,  or  walk  about  enjoying  the 
moonlight.  A  sail  boat  lies  at  anchor 
near  the  j)ier,  and  Mr.  Winship  proposes 
a  sail.  The  boat  is  immediately  se- 
cured ;  he  steps  on  board  and  adjusts 
the  sails.  Colonel  Shelby  follows,  and 
takes  the  rudder.  Miss  Van  Eyck  seats 
herself  near  Mr.  Winship,  and  Miss  Pel- 
ham  is  beside  the  Colonel,  who  disposes 
his  long  limbs  recliningly,  and  lingers  over 


^ 


60 


M,ll     IM     1111;    I!\1TI,F.   C.KOUNI) 


hisai.ix.intfd  work  wilh  ;i  penuinc  spirit 
of  relaxation       Mr.  Wiiishii.  puts  ilu'  lit- 
tle   vessel  \in.Ur  lull   s.iil.  and   tluv  s..nn 
glide  out  toward  Snake  11  ill.      Tlu-y  <luU 
merrily  for  a  few  minutes,  but  soon   the 
silen.  e  of  the  \u-U\.  the  <l:»rkness  of   the 
water    near    them    and    its    shiminerin;^ 
brightness    in     the    distance;  the    undu- 
lating,  wooded  shores  of    the  lake,   a.  - 
(ented   by    its  legend-haunted,   strongly 
marked  pp .montory,  Snake  Hill,  the  dis- 
tant  skv  thai  here  seems  lifted   to  such 
inco!ni>rfhensible  heights— all  contribute 
to  subdue  gaiety  and  arouse  deeper  emo- 
tions.    .\s    they    drift   on    the    artifn  ial 
world  seems  left  behind.     The  conven- 
tionalisms of  society  disappear— Parisian 
elegancies,  military  restraint,  I'.oston  pos- 
itiveness,  and  shy  dignity  are  forgotten; 
the  simi)licity    and  earnestness    of    na- 
ture asserts  itself  in   the  human  soul,  in 
harmony  with  the  spirit    that   pervades 
the  surrounding  scene.     Colonel  Shelby 
in  low  tones   and  i)ictures(iue  language 
tells  a  wild,  tragic  story  of  life  in  Neva- 
da; he  siieaks  of  the  towering  mountains 
and  tumbling  cataracts  amid  which  the 
scene  took   place. 

Miss  I'elham,  in  an  awed  voice:  "Col- 
onel, your  story  oppresses  me;  I  do  not 
like  to  hear  of  those  savage  people,  and 
the  thought  of  their  immense  moun- 
tains is  terrible;  how  much  more  pleas- 
ing are  tliese  sloping  hills  and  this  quiet 
lake;  one  'ould  not  imagine  a  tragedy 
taking  place  here." 

Miss  Van  I'-yck,  speaking  gently:  It 
was  not  far  from  here  that  the  awful 
tragedy  of  war  was  played.  Perhaps 
you  will  all  think  that  I  am  battle-struck, 
but  my  mind  Is  full  of  this  expedition  to 
Bemis  Heights,  and  1  feel  as  if  we  might 


be  going  there  now  as  we  glide  over  this 
lake;  it  takes  us  so  mu<  h  nearer.     Some 
of  the  people  who  lied  before  Murgoyne's 
army    came    on    canoes    through     Fish 
Creek  and  into  this  lake.      How  anxious 
and  yet  indignant  they  must  have  been; 
how  different  from  the  jieacefulness  that 
we  feel  now  !  -and  yet  the  lake  is  as  it 
was;  how  insignificant  it    makes  one  feel 
U,  think  of  this— that  we  come  and  go 
as  time  Hows  on  and  are  never  the  same, 
and  yet  the  hills,  the  waters  and  the  sky 
remain  fixed,  immovable." 

Mr.  Winship:  "Not  immovable,  Miss 
Kate;  they  change,  but  under  fixed  laws, 
and  so  do  we;  no  doubt  we  feel  the  same 
fears,  anxieties  and  hopes  that  the  peo- 
ple of  those  revolutionary  times  did, 
only  our  sensations  are  directed  into 
other  channels.  Indignation  and  terror, 
despair  and  love,  hold  the  same  sway 
over  us  now  as  then." 

Miss    Van    Kyck,    to    Mr.    Winship: 
"Don't    you    think    Lady    .\ckland  dis- 
played a  more  heroic  love  than  any  that 
can  be  found  at  the  present  day  ?— and 
by  the  way,    you  said  you  could  tell  me 
something   more  about   her  than   1   yet 
know.     Her  adventures  are  an  appropri 
ate  subject  for  such  a  place  as  this.   How 
strangely  she  must  have  felt  while  in  that 
little  boat  that  carried  her  from  the  Brit- 
ish camp  to  the  Americans;  it  was  not  a 
night  like  this,  it  was  dark  and  stormy. 
But  tell  me,  Mr.  Winship,  what  you  know 

of  her." 

Mr.  Winship:  "I  will,  Miss  Kate, 
most  gladly,  if  you  will  first  sing  me  a 

Miss  Van  Eyck,  evidently  m  a  yield- 
ing  mood:  "I  will  sing  a  song  of  the 
Hudson  in  a  storm," 


A    VISIT   TO   Till';    llAIIM.i;    (iUOt  N!) 


r.i 


(ivrr  this 
r.     Some 
ur^ioyiie's 
it;li     l-isli 
v  anxious 
iivc  been; 
Incss  tlMit 
tc  is  as  it 
s  one  I'ct'l 
ic  ami   n<) 
the  same, 
(I  tl\c  sky 

ibli-.  Miss 
fixed  laws, 
el  the  same 
it  the  peo- 
times  did, 
•cted  into 
and  terror, 
same  sway 

.    Winship: 
:kland  dis- 
an  any  that 
day  ? — and 
3uld  tell  me 
than   I   yet 
n  appropri 
s  this.   How 
A-hile  in  that 
3m  the  Brit- 
t  was  not  a 
and  stormy, 
at  you  know 

Miss    Kate, 
,t  sing  me  a 

y  in  a  yield- 
song   of   the 


S0N(;. 

Oil  lliy  hosoin  iin(;ry  river, 

Still  I  s;iffly  rust  1111(1  (Irciiii, 
Kiiowini;  tlu-f  n  faithful  Imrr, 
'riioii^li  ilaik  ji.issiciiis  I  (I'MiiviT 
Mill  llu'  liglitiiiiit;-.  lilfiil  ^liMiii. 

Oft  when  lluiii  wort  calmly  >iiiiliiij;, 

.Stormy  griefs  I  \vln^|)L•ll■(l  ilu'i-, 
.\iii|  for^^dt  llu-m  wliilr  rfi  linintj 
On  lliy  IxiMuii     llidii  lii'|.;iiiliiitj 
Mc  to  iire,'im>  of  ecstasy. 

Now  I  love  thee  for  tliy  rafjiii^;, 
Like  my  soul's  uiircstfiil  ways. 

Storms  or  siiiisliitie  thee  ciitjaniiii;. 

Still  my  woes  ilioii  art  assiia);im;, 
I. over  tlioM  who'iic'er  betrays. 

Soft  and  clear  the  rieh  tones  of  Kate 
Van  Ky(  k's  voice  float  out  on  the  moon- 
lighted air.  As  she  linishes,  a  deep 
(piiet  ])revails. 

Mr.  Winship  in  low,  distinct  tones: 

"  "I'd  gallant  (iales,  in  w.ir  serenely  brave, 
Tlie  tide  of  fiirliine  turns  its  rellueiit  wave; 
l'"orcc(l  l>y  liisarm-,  the  hold  invaders  yield 
The  ])rize  and  j;l(iry  of  the  well-foiij;ht  Held: 
IJIeedin^j  and  lost  the  caplureil  Ackland  lies — ,' 

He  is  in  the  hantls  of  the  enemy,  quite 
helpless,  wounded  in  both  legs.  His 
valet,  who  is  warmly  attached  to  him, 
is  groping  aboitt  in  the  darkness  among 
the  wounded  on  the  ojjen  field,  in  the 
chill,  autumn  night,  peering  into  dead 
and  suffering  faces,  examining  the  cloth- 
ing of  the  killed  and  mangled,  patiently 
passing  from  grou|)  to  grouj)  of  prostrate 
officers  and  men  in  his  sad  search.  He 
forgets  that  he  is  approaching  the  ene- 
my, but  is  suddenly  reminded  of  their 
proximity  by  a  sudden  shock  and  fal'* 
in  struggling  to  rise  he  finds  hii.itjU 
wounded  in  the  shoulder.  Bleeding 
profusely,  it  is  with  diflficulr.'  he  gets  back 
to  the  camp." 


Miss  Van  l''.yi  k  ;  "  Was  he  the  same 
mat)  who  s.ived  his  master's  life  when  tin- 
tent  was  burning  ?" 

Mr.  Winship:  "  I  dtm't  tliink  he  w.is. 
Major  Ackland  seems  to  have  inspired 
an  anient  affection  in  all  who  siirroiiiKlid 
him.  riie  man  who  twic:e  in  tiie  s.tiue 
night  risked  his  lite  to  save  the  M.ijur's, 
was  a  sergeant.  The  tent  occupied  by 
Major  .\ckl.ind  anil  his  wife  took  fire 
from  a  ( andle  upsit  by  a  favorite  dog. 
I.ady  .\ckland  was  soon  aroused,  ami 
crept  out  imler  the  side  of  'he  ti'nt,  at 
the  sam^'  ;ime  '.he  sergean'.  entered  it. 
He  fotind  the  Major  in  .  profountl  sleep 
and  carried  him  out  r\  his  arms.  As 
soon  as  contact  with  tlie  air  had  arotis'd 
the  sleeper,  he  saw  tne  condit'  .1  of  a; 
fairs,  and  not  knowing  that  hi  ife  had 
est  aped,  he  immediately  rut'it-il  into  the 
flames  to  rescue  he;  Me  was  ovcrcor 
with  the  fire  and  sraoke  and  wotild  piob- 
ably  have  been  smothered  had  not  the 
sergeant  followed  him  and  again  dragged 
him  from  the  flame;." 

Miss  Pelham  :  "  \\'asn't  it  strange 
they  should  have  a  net  dog  on  such  an 
expedition  ?" 

Mr.  Winship  :  "  Many  of  the  officers 
hatl  dogs.  They  were  probably  hunting 
dogs,  and  no  doubt  they  expected  to 
have  much  pleasure  hunting  in  the  wild 
forests  of  New  York.  They  tell  of  a  dog 
belotijjii' .J  to  Lord  Balcarras,  that  had  a 
curioi. ;  escape  from  death  when  the 
army  encamped  at  Crown  Point,  on  its 
way  down  the  lake." 

Colonel  Shelby  :  "  Did  you  know  the 
Earl  Balcarras  was  a  very  young  man, 
and  '  fleshed  his  maiden  sword '  at  Hub- 
bardton  ?" 

Mr.  Winship  :     "  An   interesting  fact, 


62 


A   VISIT    TO    THK    liAPri.K    (IROUND 


%! 


■s?v. 


*:, 


0-i 


Colonel,    but    to    continue    my    story: 
lars^e   trees  wc-c  being  cut   down.     One 
of  them  fell  directly  on  the  dog,  and  by 
its    weight    seemed    to  bury  him    in   the 
c-irlh    'The   dog  was   unusually  intelli- 
gent and  .luick  ;  he  had  became  a  favor- 
ite   in    the    camp-there  was   a    general 
rush    for    his    rescue    by    the     soldiers 
around.     Some  of   them   said  it  was  no 
use  trying  to  get  him  out  of  his  hole;    of 
course  he  was  dead,  but  others  chopped 
diligently    at    the    great   tree,   and  soon 
lifted  the  heavy  log  from  his  back,  when 
to  the  astonishment  of  all,  the  dog  trot- 
ted off  in  apparently  good  .ondition  and 

spirits." 

Colonel  Shelbv  :  "  He  must  have  been 
imbedded  in  soft,  alluvial  soil  in  such  a 
way  as  to  relieve  him  of  the  weight  of 
the  tree  and  the  force  of  its  fall." 

Miss  Van  ICvck  :  "Do  you  know 
whether  Lady  Ackland  was  as  beautiful 
as  she  was  lovely  in  character  ? " 

Mr.  Winship  :        I  have  seen  a  print 
of  her  from  a  portrait  by  Rivers-one  of 
the   most  interesting  faces   I  ever   saw  ; 
the  features  are  classical  and  the  express- 
ion   spiritual;  the   dress,  too,  is  pictur- 
esque.    You    can   easily  believe    her  to 
have  been  one  of  those  women  who  give 
and  inspire   an  extraordinary   affection, 
one  that  would  stimulate  a  man  to  great 
deeds,  that  would  keep  active  the  higher 
sentiments  of  his  nature." 

Colonel  Shelby.  "  T'on  my  word, 
Winship,  I  don't  like  to  spoil  your  pretty 
romance,  but  I  have  no  doubt  but  Ack- 
land was  just  such  a  wine-bibbing,  fox- 
hunting fellow  as  the  rest  of  those  British 

officers." 

Mr.  Winship  :     "  T'Ut  we   know,  Colo- 
nel, that   Ackland   not    only    performed 


heroic    deeds    on    every    field,    and  was 
repeatedly  wounded,    but    that  he    was 
actuated  by  high   and   honorable    senti- 
ments.    The   very  fact  that  these  tra^  s 
were  not  swallowed  up  in  the  intlulgence 
of  coarser    tastes  shows  that  there  was 
some  strong  infiuence   at  work  to  coun- 
teract   sensuality,    and   keep    active    his 
higher   nature.     The   conduct  of   Lady 
Ackland,  as  well  as  her  appearance,  indi- 
cate  that  hers  was  the   purifying  spirit 
that  guided  and  influenced  him.     When 
she  joined  her  husband  in  the  American 
camp,  she  was  received  by  General  Cates 
with  the  greatest  tenderness  and  respect. 
Indeed,    I   think    it  is  hard  to  suppose 
that  a  man  who   showed  as  manly  and 
noble  traits  in  his  treatment  of  women 
as  Crates  always  did,  should  have  been  a 
coward.     Surely,   Colonel,  we   can  draw 
as    just    a   conclusion   from  this,  as  the 
Judge  did  from  General  Schuyler's  horse- 
manship." 

Colonel  Shelby  :  "  Perhaps  so.  But 
he  must  indeed  have  been  a  miserable 
poltroon  who  would  have  done  less  for 
Lady  Ackland,  arriving  in  camp  under 
such  circumstances." 

Mr.    Winship  :     "  Her   husband    soon 
recovered.    Miss    Kate;    but    after    their 
return  to  England  he  was  shot  in  a  duel 
caused  b,  his  defence  of  the  valor  of  the 
American  troops.     The  sudden  shock  of 
his  death  affected  Lady  Ackland's  mind  ; 
she  was  insane  two  years,  but  was  finally 
restored  and  found  consolation    in    the 
affection   of   Mr.  Brudenell,   whom   she 
afterwards  married.     He  was  the  chap- 
lain   who    performed    the    ceremony    at 
Frazer's  funeral,  and  he  had  also  accom- 
panied   Lady  Ackland  on  that  perilous 
boat-ride    between    the  two  camps;  her 


A  VISIT   TO    llIK    IJATTLK   (UiOl'M) 


63 


,  and  was 
at  he  was 
ible  senti- 
ihcse  tra'  ,s 
imlulgence 

there  was 
■k  to  coun- 

active  his 
;t  of  Lady 
ranee,  indi- 
fying  spirit 
lim.  When 
e  American 
nieral  dates 
xnd  respect. 

to  suppose 

manly  and 
t  of  women 
have  been  a 
re   can  draw 

this,  as  the 
ivler's  horse- 


ips  so. 


But 


a  miserable 

lone    less  for 

camp  under 

usband    soon 
it    after    their 
shot  in  a  duel 
e  valor  of  the 
Iden  shock  of 
kland's  mind  ; 
)ut  was  finally 
lation    in    the 
11,   whom   she 
,vas  the  chap- 
ceremony    at 
id  also  accom- 
i  that  perilous 
vo  camps;  her 


husband's  faithful  valet,  although  wound- 
ed, also  went  with  her.  A  sister  of  Lady 
Ackland,  l,ady  Susan  O'Hrien  (they 
were  both  daughters  of  Lord  Holland) 
was  visiting,  at  the  beginning  of  the  revo- 
lution, Sir  William  Johnson,  in  the  Mo- 
hawk valley.  No  doubt  the  sisters  were 
together  in  Canada,  before  Lady  Harriet 
joined  her  husband  at  Skenesborough. 
I  believe  she  wrote  a  narrative  of  the 
campaigns  in  which  she  followed  the 
army  in  America. 


IV. 


"  After  the  thunder-storm  our  heaven  is  bhie  : 
Far  off,  along  the  borders  of  the  sky, 
In  silver  folds  the  clouds  of  battle  lie, 
With  soft  consoling  sunlight  shining  through; 
And  round  the  sweeping  circle  of  yon  hills 
The  crashing  cannon-thiills 
Have  faded  from  the  memory  of  the  air, 

And  Summer  pours  from  unexhausted  fountains 
Her  bliss  on  yonder  mountains  : 
The   camps   are  tenantless  ;    the   breastworks 

bare  : 
Earth   keeps  no  stain  where    hero-blood  was 
poured : 
The  hornets  humming  on  their  wings  of  lead, 
Have  ceased  to  sting,  their  angry  swarms  are 
dead, 
And,  harmless  in  its  scabbard,  rusts  the  sword  !" 

The  day  is  shadowy.  A  brilliant  sun 
rides  high  in  the  heavens  above  a  pale 
blue,  far-reaching  sky.  Great  drifting 
silvery  clouds  float  slowly  from  the  east, 
throwing  dark  shadows  on  the  distant 
hills  and  fields — and  one,  a  van-guard, 
casts  its  gloom  so  long  over  the  broad 
street  facing  the  great  hotels,  that  the 
day  seems  dark.  Under  its  softened 
light,  Kate  Van  Eyck  strolls  quietly,  pen- 
sively across  the   lawn  from  the  cottage 


pia/za,  Mr.  Winship  following  her  silent- 
ly. They  join  the  other  members  of 
their  party  who  are  starting  for  their  ride 
to  the  battle  ground.  Mrs.  Harris  is  al- 
ready seated  in  tiie  landau.  Miss  \'an 
Eyck,  Mr.  Winship  and  Judge  Van  Eyck 
take  their  i)laces  witii  her,  and  they  are 
driven  off  toward  the  lake  on  Union 
Avenue. 

Colonel  Shelby  and  Miss  Pelham  have 
decided  to  visit  Sciniylerville  instead  of 
Bemis  Height,  and  the  Colonel  turns  the 
heads  of  the  horses  that  draw  their  light 
buggy  towards  the  Town  Hall,  where 
they  turn  into  Lake  Avenue,  and  thence 
follow  the  Schuylerville  road. 

Miss  Pelham  :  "  Colonel,  I  do  not 
intend  to  forget  Kate's  admonition  to 
ask  you  for  information  about  Schuyler- 
ville." 

Colonel  Shelby:  "  It  is  the  place,  Miss 
Pelham,  where  the  surrender  of  Bur- 
goyne  took  place,  and  near  where  the  vil- 
lage of  old  Saratoga  stood,  and  also 
where  Schuyler's  handsome  country  res- 
idence was  burned  by  Burgoyne  on  his 
retreat." 

Miss  Pelham:  "  I  once  saw  a  picture 
of  Mrs.  Schuyler  setting  fire  to  a  field; 
had  that  anything  to  do  with  it  ? " 

Colonel  Shelby,  smiling:  "Well,  no; 
not  with  Burgoyne's  fire.  She  had  taken 
her  furniture  out  of  the  house  and  re- 
turned to  Albany  some  time  before  he 
arrived,  but  when  she  was  leaving  she 
set  fire  to  the  grain  to  prevent  it  from 
falling  into  his  hands." 

Miss  Pelham:  "Did  you   say   there 
was  a  monument  at  Schuylerville  ?" 

Coloeel  Shelby,  evidently  amused  at 
Miss  Pelham's  eagerness  to  obtain  in- 
formation at  the  dictation  of  Miss  Kate: 


64 


A  VISIT   TO   TIIK    UATlT.t;   GROUND 


"Not  yet, but  it  is  proposed  to  put  one 
tliere   in  commemoration  of  the  l)attles 

,,t'  Saratoga." 

Miss  Pelham,  perplexedly:  "But  1 
tliought  the  battles  were  not  fought  there 
Vou  see,  Colonel,  I  am  hopelessly  mixed 

when  it  comes  to  military  matters,     liut 
do  enlighten  me  about  this  monument. 

C-olonel  Shelby:  "  It  is  claimed  that 
the  place  of  surrender  is  a  proper  loca- 
tion for  the  monument,  as  bemg  the  <ul- 
minating  point  of  a  long  series  of  stra- 
tegic movements  and  conflicts.  My 
preference  would  be  for  the  field  where 

the  battles  took  place,  some  miles  below. 
'1-lie  two  principal  contests  were  upon  the 
same  ground,  and  there,  where  the  blood 
was  shed  and  the  retreat  began  whi<:h 
led  to  the  surrender,  seems  a  more  suita- 
ble place."  , 

Miss  Pelham:  "I  think  it  is  a  pity  to 
put  anything  worth  seeing  in  either  of 
these  out-of-the-way  places.  Who  will 
ever  go  to  look  at  them;"  adding  play- 
fully "I  am  sure  we  never  would  hav- 
thought  of  such  a  thing  if  Kate  had 
not  taken  a  freak  in  her  head  about  some 
romantic  incidents  in  the  battles  that 
pleased  her.  She  has  not  let  any  of  us  rest 
sin<-.-   we  had  to  come  in  self-defence. 

Colonel    Shelby:  "  I  do  not   consider 
the  seclusion  of  either  of  these  places  an 
objection.     The    battle-field,  where    the 
rest  of  the  party  are  going,  would  be,  in 
its  retirement,  the   very  place   where   a 
person  like  Miss  Van  Kyck,  for  instance, 
who  has  a  genuine  sentiment  about  such 
things,  might  feel  most  strongly  the  as- 
sociations of  the  place  and  recall  most 
X  ividly  the  events  which  were  commem- 
orated.    It  is  also  but  a  continuation  of 
thj  favorite  drive  to  Saratoga  lake. 


Miss  Pelham:  "What  else  am  I  to 
remember  at  Schuylerville;  was  there  no 
fighting  at  all  there  ? 

Colonel    Shelby:    "Yes,  there   was   a 
skirmish  that  came  near  being  an   un- 
lucky affair  for  the  Americans,  but  they 
retreated  in  time  to  save  themselves  ;  it 
was  not  an  event  in  which  we  can  feel 
much   pride.     There  was   some  skillful 
cannonading  there  by  the  Americans  for 
a  few  days  before  the  surrender,  and  it  is 
where    Madame    Riedesel  ^  spent    those 
dreadful  nights  in  a  cellar." 

Miss  Pelham:  "Don't  tell  me  anything 
about  that.  Battles  are  quite  grand  in 
the  abstract,  but  I  don't  like  the  particu- 
lars." 

In  the  meantime  the  remainder  of  the 
■  party  on  the  other  road,  in  the  landau, 
are  passing  the  gate  of  the  race  course. 
Miss  Van  Eyck,  addressing  Mrs.  Har- 
ris: "  You  have  not  told  me  that  second 
version  of  the  story  of  jane  McCrea, 
who  was  murdered  by  the  Indian  allies 
of  Burgoyne;  we  will  soon  get  to  the  lake 
and  I  would  like  to  hear  it  before  I  leave 


you. 

Mrs.  Harris:  "I   suppose   you   know 
the  most  generally  accepted  account  of 

it?" 

Miss  Van  Eyck:  "The  school  histories 

tell  us  that  Lieutenant  Jones,  a  tory,  in 
Burgoyne's  army,  was  betrothed  to  Jane 
McCrea;  that  he  sent  a  party  of  Indians 
to  bring  her   from   Fort   Edward  to  the 
British     camp  near  there,  and  promised 
them  a  barrel  of  whiskey  as  a  reward  if 
they  would  bring  her  in  safety.    I  think  he 
was  a  very  inconsiderate  lover;  well,  you 
know   the  Indians  quarreled  about  the 
whiskey  they  were  to  get  and  tomahawk- 
ed jane  McCrea  on  the  road  " 


A  VISIT   TO    I'llK    liATTLE   GROUND 


65 


am  I  to 

there  no 

re  was  a 
g  an  nn- 
but  they 
iselves  ;  it 
;  can  feel 
le  skillful 
iricans  for 
r,  and  it  is 
)ent    those 

e  anything 
;  grand  in 
he  particu- 

ider  of  the 
he  landau, 
ice  course. 
;  Mrs.  Har- 
that  second 
e  McCrea, 
ndian  allies 
;t  to  the  lake 
fore  I  leave 

you    know 
account  of 

lool  histories 
,'s,  a  tory,  in 
:hed  to  Jane 
^  of  Indians 
iward  to  the 
nd  promised 
i  a  reward  if 
y.    I  think  he 
'er;  well,  you 
;d  about  the 
id  tomahawk- 
d" 


Mrs.  Harris:  "  But   the  lover  did  not 
offer  the  whiskey  as  a  reward,  and  he  did 
not  send   for  her  either.     1  think  those 
farts  are  well  established,  althoiigii  there 
are  several  different  versions  of  the  trag- 
edy.    All  agree  that  Jenny  lived  with  her 
I)rother,  near   Fort   ICdward,  and  that  he 
was  a  whig,  who  wisiied  to  leave  his  home 
as  the  liritish  advanced  and  take  refuge 
in  Albany.     At  this  time  Jenny  was   at 
Fort    Edward,    visiting    her    tory    friend 
Mrs.  McNeil,  who  was  a  relative  of  (Gen- 
eral Frazer.     Jenny's  brother  sent  repeat- 
ed  messages  for  her  to  join   him.     She 
delayed,  probably  (]uite    willing  for  the 
British  to  arrive,  as  hc;r  lover  was  with 
them.     Finally  yielding  to  the  entreaties 
of  her  brother,  she  prepared  to  leave  in 
a  batteau  on  a  certain  evening.     On  the 
morning  of  that  very  day  a  marauding 
party  of  Indians  burst  into  the  house  of 
Mrs.  .McNeil  and  dragged  her  and  Jenny 
out  of  a  cellar,  where  they  had  concealed 
themselves,  and  carried  them  off  as  pris- 
oners.    Jenny,  in    her    fright,    promised 
them  a  large  reward  if  they  would  spare 
her  life  and   take   her  in  safety  to  the 
British  camp.     This  was  the  reward  they 
quarreled  over,  as  stated  by  a  niece  of 
Jenny.     She  was  carried  away  on  horse- 
back, but  Mrs.  McNeil  was  so  large  and 
heavy  that  the  Indians  could  not  get  h;;r 
on  a  horse,  and  they  pulled  her  along  by 
both  arms,  and  frequently  comjielled  her 
to  fall   on  her  face,  as   they  did   them- 
selves, to  avoid  the  bullets  of  the  Ameri- 
cans, who  were  j)ursuing  them.  A  grand- 
daughter of  Mrs.  McNeil  has   said   that 
the  Indians  told  her  grand-mother  that 
Jane  McCrea  was  shot  by  the  Americans 
who  were  pursuing  them;  that  they  only 
scalped  her  after   she   was  dead.     Mrs. 


McNeil  believed  this,  because  her  own 
life  had  been  endangered  in  the  .same 
way,  and  because  a  larger  reward  was  of- 
fered for  prisoners  brought  into  the  camp 
alive  than  for  scalps.  This  theory  of  the 
tragedy  has  been  adopted  by  several  of 
the  later  narrators." 

Judge    Van    Eyck  :  "  I    think    if    any 
such   representation   had  been  made  by 
the   Indians  at   the  time  of  the  murder, 
Burgoyne  would  gladly  have  availed  him- 
self of  it,  and  have  made  it  known;  but, 
on  the  contrary,  he  was  an.xious  to  punish 
the    murderer,    and    was    only   deterred 
from  doing  so  by  the  representations  and 
solicitations  of  de  Luc.     I  have  no  doubt 
but  the  Indians  tomahawked  her.    It  was 
not  an  unusual  occurrence,  but  the  ex- 
citement of  the  time  gave  it  great  impor- 
tance.    Inhuman  cruelty  was  attributed 
to  the  whole  British  army,  who  sheltered 
the  savages,  and  it  waked  up  the  militia 
and  sent  them  to  the  American  camp." 
Mrs.  Harris:  "I  had  supposed,  Judge, 
that  the  family  of  Jenny  were  all  whigs, 
but  I  see  in  Burgoyne's  biography  there 
is  reference  to  a  letter,  written  by  one  of 
her  brothers  to  General  Burgoyne,  some 
years  after  the  war,  soliciting  his  influ- 
ence for  an  ajjpointment  in  the  army.    It 
seems  General  Burgoyne  endorsed  this 
letter  with  a  few  lines,  in  which  he  .-x- 
pressed  his  gratification  at  having  this 
proof    that  the  family  of   Miss  McCrea 
believed  that  he  had  acted  with  humanity 
and  honor  at  the  time  of  her  murder;  and 
he  also  says  that  he  was  able  to  obtain 
the  appoi'ntment  desired." 

Miss  Van  Eyck:  '•  What  became  of  the 
lover,  Mrs.  Harris? " 

Mrs.    Harris:     "As    soon    as  he    was 
charged  with  having  sent  for  Jenny,  he 


66 


A  VISIT  TO  THE  BATTLE  GROUND 


offered  his  resignation  as  Lieutenant  in 
the  army.     It  was   not  accepted.     One 
account  says  he  fought  desperately  in  the 
battles  ;it  Saratoga,  and  was  killed;  but 
the  more  authentic  one  states  that  he  de- 
serted   immediately  after   the   death   of 
Jenny,  and  went  to  Canada.     He  bought 
her  scalp  from  the  Indian  who  had  taken 
it;  her   hair  had   been   beautiful,    dark 
brown,  and  over  a  yard  long.     Lieuten- 
ant Jones  preserved  this  sad  memento  as 
long  as  he  lived,  and  I  think  he  was  an 
old  man  when  he  died.     Every  July,  as 
the   anniversary   of   the   sad  event   ap- 
proached, he  would  seclude  himself  en- 
tirely from  his  friends,  and  they  never 
at  any  time  referred  to  the  Revolution 
in  his  presence." 

Mr.  Winship:  "I  have  seen  Jane  Mc- 
Crea's  grave  at  Fort  Edward.  Do  you 
know  how  they  recovered  her  body? " 

M  rs.  Harris:  "  It  was  found  by  the  pur- 
suing Americans  near  the  spot  where  she 
was  killed,  and  they  sent  it  to  her  brother 
on  the  very  batteau  in  which  she  ex- 
pected to  have  gone  down  the  river  to 
meet  him.  She  was  buried  on  the  banks 
of  the  Hudson,  and  many  years  after- 
wards her  remains  were  removed  to  the 
cemetery  at  Fort  Edward." 

They  arrive  at  the  Lake  House,  and 
alight  for  a  short  time.     Miss  Van  Eyck's 
horse  Guide  is  awaiting  her  there.     She 
mounts  him,  and  followed  by  her  groom, 
turns  to  the  right,  and  goes  slowly  down 
the  long  hill,  past  the  Brigg's  House,  and 
over  the  bridge  that  crosses  the   "nar- 
rows."      The   steady   clamp,   clamp   of 
Guido's  feet  on  the  bridge  seems  to  make 
more  palpable  the  quietness  of  the  placid 
scene  of  beauty  before  her.      The  lake 
lies  motionless,  and   in  Kate's   mind   it 


harmonizes  with  her  calm  expectancy  of 
pleasure  in  the  final  object  of  her  ride. 
Following   along   the    road,   she   passes 
through  a  cool,  shady  marsh,  where  'he 
varied  stems  of  the  willows  and  the  ten- 
der ferns  and  grasses  underneath   give 
variety  and  interest  even  to  this  tame 
spot.     The  road  now  follows  close  to  the 
lake  shore,  and  Guido,  seemingly  tired  of 
his  dull  paces,  voluntarily  starts  off  at  a 
brisk  canter,  and  brings  her  quickly  to 
the  Cedar  Bluff  Hotel,  which  she  passes, 
and  then  turns  to  the  left,  moving  more 
slowly  up  the  long  hill.     When  near  the 
top,   she   glances   suddenly   off    to    the 
northwest,  and  is  so  strongly  impressed 
with  the  distant  mountain  view  that  she 
checks  her  horse  entirely,  and  turns  to 
enjoy  it.     As  the  landau  approaches,  the 
Judge  orders  William  to  stop. 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "  1  am  glad  you 
stopped  here,  Kate.  When  going  to  the 
White  Sulphur  Spring,  one  day  last  sum- 
mer, with  a  gentleman  familiar  with  this 
region,  we  took  a  turn  up  this  hill,  and 
he  pointed  out  the  different  ranges  of 
mountains  that  we  can  see  from  this 
place.  Do  you  notice  how  those  two 
ranges  lie,  one  over  the  other?  " 

Mr  Winship:  "  Yes;  they  are  quite 
distinct  upon  a  second  look,  though  at 
first  they  seemed  to  be  but  one.^  There 
is  a  break  in  the  forward  range." 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "That  is  the  Pal- 
mertown  range;  it  divides  and  surrounds 
Lake  George.  Far  to  the  north  you  see 
a  few  high  knolls  that  lie  at  the  head  of 
that  lake.  Now  follow  down  a  short  dis- 
tance to  the  gap  you  speak  of.  That  is 
where  the  Hudson  breaks  through  tb'S 
Palmertown  range.  You  see  that  range 
dwindles  down  as  it  nears  the   village. 


A  VISIT  TO   THE   liATIT.E   GROUND 


67 


pectancy  of 
)f  her  ride. 

she  passes 
,  where  the 
nd  the  ten- 
rneath  give 
3  this  tame 

close  to  the 
njrly  tired  of 
arts  off  at  a 
r  quickly  to 
1  she  passes, 
loving  more 
len  near  the' 

off  to  the 
ly  impressed 
iew  that  she 
and  turns  to 
proaches,  the 
p. 
.m   glad  you 

going  to  the 
day  last  sum- 
liar  with  this 

this  hill,  and 
:nt  ranges  of 
ee  from  this 
5w  those  two 
ler? 

hey  are  quite 
ok,  though  at 
t  one.  There 
ange." 

lat  is  the  Pal- 
and  surrounds 
;  north  you  see 
at  the  head  of 
wn  a  short  dis- 
k  of.  That  is 
IS  through  this 
see  that  range 
irs  the   village. 


They  tell  me  its  terminus  is  at  (ilen 
Mitchell,  or  rather  North  Broadway  in 
Saratoga  Springs.  'I"he  higjier  range  be- 
yond is  the  Kayadrossera,  which  shows 
almost  an  unbroken  line  as  it  descends. 
Now  look  across  the  lake." 

Miss  ^'an  Eyck:  "(),  sec,  father,  how 
beautiful  !  The  whole  extent  of  the  lake 
lies  beneath  us;"  pointing  southward. 
*'  What  mountains  are  those  beyond  it?  " 

Judge  Van  Eye  k  :  "  Those  are  the 
northern  peaks  of  the  Catskills." 

Mrs.  Harris:  "  How  could  we  liave  been 
at  Saratoga  so  often  and  so  long  without 
hearing  of  this  fine  view?  Judge,  I  am 
really  disposed  to  reproach  you  for  not 
bringing  us  sooner." 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "Well,  I  had  for- 
gotten it,  although  I  was  much  impressed 
with  it  when  I  first  came  here,  and  I  re- 
member now  that  Mr.  Jones,  who  was 
with  me,  said  there  v.'."3  a  still  more  ex- 
tensive lookout  from  a  hill  two  or  three 
miles  beyond  this.  I  think  we  go  over 
it  to-day.  Kate,  you  had  better  let  us 
take  the  lead  now." 

Mr.  Winship  has  alighted  from  the 
carriage  and  stands  near  Kate:  "  I  real- 
ize now  the  advantage  you  have  in  being 
on  horseback.  You  can  enjoy  the  beau- 
tiful landscape  at  every  turn  without 
effort.  I  did  not  know  that  such  views 
•were  to  be  seen  on  th's  ride." 

Miss  Van  Eyck:  "  This  is  an  unex- 
pected pleasure,  ond  I  congratulate  my- 
self upon  having  persevered  in  my  de- 
sire to  go  in  this  way." 

They  now  ride  rapidly  on,  turning  to 
the  left  at  the  top  of  the  hill,  and  enter- 
ing a  chestnut  grove  whose  dense  shade  is 
restful  to  the  eyes  after  gazing  intently 
over  the  water  and  at  the  distant  views. 


To  Kate  es])ecially  is  this  secluded,  wind- 
ing road  in  the  thick  forest  a  delight; 
she  lets  tlie  reins  hang  loosely  on  Ciuido's 
neck  as  he  walks  slowly  and  daintily  on, 
her  mind  still  filled  with  thouglUs 
suggested  by  the  distant,  misty  hills. 
Coming  out  of  the  woods  she  sees  llx;  , 
(  arriage,  a  mere  speck,  and  seemingly  sta- 
tionary before  her;  hurrying  on  she  finds 
them  waiting  for  her,  as  here,  at  the  cross- 
roads near  the  red  school-house,  they 
fear  she  may  mistake  the  way.  They 
now  all  keep  cm  the  direct  road  up 
another  extended  hill,  and  Kate  gallop- 
ing ahead,  reaches  the  summit  first,  turns 
abruptly  and  waves  her  handkerchief. 
The  carriage  comes  up. 

Miss  Van  Eyck:  "This  must  be  the 
hill  you  were  telling  us  of.  Do  have  the 
carriage  thrown  entirely  open  so  you  can 
stand  up  and  see  it  all.  There,  father, 
are  the  two  ranges  of  mountains  you 
showed  us  on  the  other  hill,  only  they 
look  higher  and  more  irregular  from  this 
point,  and  we  can  see  so  much  further 
north;  are  those  the  Lake  George  moun- 
tains? and,  oh  look!  in  the  opposite  di- 
rection. I  do  believe  there  is  '  'i'he  Old 
Man  of  the  Mountain; '  see.  Mrs.  Harris, 
there  are  other  moimtains  south  ot  that, 
and  turn  quite  around,  there  is  still 
another  range  entirely  separate.  Is  not 
this  magnificent?  I  was  never  in  such 
an  ampitheatre  before.  Can  you  see 
them  all?" 

Mr.  Winship:  "Indeed,  Miss  Kate, 
this  is  very  fine.  Those  are  doubtless 
the  Green  Mountains  and  the  Hudson 
river  hills  you  have  pointed  out  toward 
the  east,  and  there  is  the  veritable  '  Old 
Man  of  the  Mountains  '  in  the  Catskills, 
lying  on  his  back  as  usual." 


■»*^ff 


:»!(W*>**ySsi "  -.  *^!i#:iSfSA; ! 


68 


A   VISir   TO   THE   ItATTLE   (IKOUND 


|„dge   Van    Eyrk;  "Kate,    those    are 
the    hit;h    hills    of   Lake   Cleorge    to    the 
north,  and  the  KayaanjsseraeluUn  l.reaks 
up    inl.)    peaks    there  to  the    northwest. 
AVe  must  have   a   view   of  one   thousand 
square  miles  under  our  eyes  here.     Sara- 
tot;a  ought  to  make  more  stir  about  such 
a  ride    as    this,    and    have    guide-boards 
with  directions  to  these  hills;  the  last  one 
was    Caldwell's— this  is     Summit;     but 
come,  we  must  be  moving  on." 

They  proceed  cautiously  down  the 
long,  uneven  slope  and  soon  leave  the 
pine-crowned  hill  on  the  left,  where  they 
turn  sharply  to  the  right  and  drive  over 
a  smooth  road  through  a  lovely  circular 
valley  to  the  (Quaker  meeting  house, 
where  Kate,  who  is  in  advance,  stops  for 
directions  as  she  comes  to  a  cross  road. 
Miss  Van  Eyck,  as  they  approached: 
"Which  way,  father?" 

ludge  Van  Eyck:  "  To  the  right  agam. 
Tliis   is  the   main    road    from    Quaker 
Springs  to   Hemis-  Heights.     Across  the 
hills  where  this  road  now  runs  was  a  part 
of  the  battle  ground.     The  road  follows 
just  about  the  course  that  must  have  been 
taken  by  Arnold  when  he  made  his  first 
charge  against  the   Hessians  in   the  last 
battle,    but  we  have  quite  a  drive  yet 
before  reaching  that  part  of  the  road.    I 
think   it  will  be  better   for  us  to   go  to 
Freeman's  Farm  first." 

Mrs.  Harris:  "That  will  be  the  most 
interesting  si.ot,  because  the  heaviest 
fighting  in  both  battles  was  there." 

At  the  next  cross  road  they  turn  to  the 
left  and  in  a  few  minutes  stop  before  the 
house  on  Freeman's  Farm.  They  alight 
and  enter,  and  find  the  hostess  very  ami- 
■  able  and  glad  to  tell  them  all  she  knows 
that  will  intcve.t  them.     She  also  shows 


them  the  relii  s  that  have  been  ploughed 
up  on  the  farm.    There  are  musket  balk, 
a  twenty-four  pound  (  annon  ball,  buckles 
and  buttcms  bearing  the  number  of  Brit- 
ish regiments,  and  the  jaw  bone  of  a  man 
with  the  teeth  still  preserved.     They  are 
told  that  just   beyond  a  little  knoll   near 
the  house  the  blood  run  a  foot  deep;  a 
statement  they  take  with  a  grain   of  al- 
lowance; and  yet  one  may  believe  that 
it  was  indeed  a  sanguinary  spot,  for  just 
there  I5ak  arras  made  his  heroic  defence 
against  Arnold's  mad  attack  and  succeed- 
ed  in  repulsing  him.    He  held  the  redoubt 
upon  this   place  until    Burgoyne    moved 
his    army    during    the    night    after    the 

battle. 

Judge  Van  Eyck,  while  they  all  stand 
on  the  site  of  the  old  redoubt-  "Which 
is    Burgoyne's  hill,  as  it  is  called?"     A 
high  knoll,  covered  with  trees  of  a  light 
growth,  and  surrounded  by  a  ravine,  is 
pointed  out  across  the   road,  but    some 
distance  back  from  it.     "  That,  Kate,  is 
really  Breyman's  hill;  at  least  it  is  where 
the  redoubt  was  located,  which  he  de- 
fended.    There  were  earthworks  between 
this  redoubt  and  that.     In  the  last  bat- 
tle the    Massachusetts    regiments  broke 
through   these  works  about  the  time  of 
Arnold's  repulse  here  by  Balcarras.    See- 
ing the  advantage  they  had  gained,  Ar- 
nold, with  Eearned's    regiment,   dashed 
around  from  here  to  the  hill  where  Brey- 
man  was,  and  succeeded  in  getting  pos- 
session of  that.     Breyman  was  killed  at 
his  guns,  and  his  men  all  driven  away. 
Arnold  was  also  wounded  there;  but  the 
Americans   held   the   redoubt,   and  you 
can  see  how  it  gave  them  the  command 
of  the  whole  British  camp,  and  made  it 
necessary  for  Burgoyne  to  abandon  his 


A  VISIT  'I'o  'II  IK   isArn.K  CROUXn 


69 


iskct  balk, 
,11,  buckles 
:r  of  V.rh- 
c  of  a  man 
'I'hcy  are 
knoll   near 
jot  deep;  a 
;rain   of  al- 
)elieve  that 
)ot,  for  just 
oic  defence 
nd  succeed- 
the  redoubt 
yne    moved 
t    after    the 

ley  all  stand 
bf  "Which 
called?"     A 
:s  of  a  light 
a  ravine,  is 
1,  but   some 
hat,  Kate,  is 
St  it  is  where 
,hich  he  de- 
orks  between 
the  last  bat- 
ments  broke 
the  time  of 
Icarras.     See- 
l  gained,  Ar- 
nent,   dashed 
1  where  Brey- 
getting  pos- 
was  killed  at 
driven  away, 
there;  but  the 
ubt,  and  you 
the  command 
,  and  made  it 
)  abandon  his 


position.  \\  e  will  now  go  to  tiu-  sight  of 
J-'ra/cr's  (amp,  in  the  ]>ine  woods  just 
a(  rf)>s  ilie  road." 

Mrs.  Harris:  "I  think.  Judge,  that  we 
have  lingered  so  long  on  tlie  way  that  we 
had  l>ctter  take  our  lunch  at  once,  and 
make  further  investigations  afterwards." 

Judge  Van  I'^yck;  "  A  good  suggestion, 
Madame;  and  if  you  like  a  genuine  pic- 
nic, those  woods  are  just  tlie  place  for  it. 
Robert,  have  tlie  coffee  boiled,  and  buy 
nonie  milk  here  at  the  farm-house.  Bring 
the  feed  for  your  horses  to  the  woods; 
the  ladies  will  ride  over." 

They  entered  the  woodland  through 
an  opening  in  the  fence,  where  the  old 
military  road,  constructed  by  Burgoyne 
for  the  advance  of  his  army  to  Free- 
man's P'arm,  was  plainly  visible.  .Alight- 
ing from  the  carriage,  and  turning  a  little 
to  the  right,  they  soon  found  an  open  yet 
shaded  place  to  spread  their  lunch  on  the 
ground.  The  wraps  and  cushiorvs  from 
the  carriage  were  disposed  around,  and 
lounging  on  them  in  oriental  fashion, 
with  sharpened  appetites,  the  whole  i)arty 
enjoyed  the  informal  repast.  Light- 
hearted  jests, animated  discussions  about 
the  next  thing  to  be  done,  and  good- 
natured  disputes,  caused  a  pleasant  hour 
to  slip  away  unheeded  upon  the  very 
spot  where,  "  all  day  long  the  noise  of 
battle  rolled."     The  lunch  is  over. 

Mrs.  Harris,  walking  to  a  small  stream 
near  the  fence:  "  Judge,  what  ravine  is 
this.'  Will  you  show  it  to  me  on  the 
map? " 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "  Yes.  You  see  that 
is  a  small  branch  of  the  north  ravine, 
which  IS  behind  us.  It  ran  in  front  of 
the  British  camp  down  by  the  river,  and 
then  passed  through   the  camp,  as  you 


find  it  in  this  place.  Do  you  sec  here 
on  the  map  that  the  bridge  across  the 
north  ravine  is  just  above  the  fork  made 
by  this  small  one?  " 

Miss  Van  Kyck:  "Come,  father,  I  am 
sure  we  know  that  map  by  heart;  let 
us  go  and  look  for  the  bridge." 

Mr.  Winshij):  "Wait  a  few  minutes, 
Miss  Kate;  I  want  to  take  another  look. 
I  see.  Judge,  it  is  ([uite  easy  to  find  on 
the  map  the  exact  spot  where  we  have 
lunched." 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "This  is  in  front  of 
the  north  ravine.  Now  stand  up  and 
look  across  the  fields.  You  can  trace 
the  line  of  the  middle  ravine,  which  lay 
between  the  two  camps.  You  can  see 
Beinis'  Heights  and  Neilson's  I'arm, 
where  the  American  camp  lay.  There 
was  also  a  ravine  in  front  of  that,  and 
one  behind  it." 

Mr.  Winship:  "The  ground  seems 
to  have  been  well  chosen  by  both 
commanders.  We  are  coming.  Miss 
Kate." 

They  follow  the  military  road  back 
through  the  woods  for  a  few  rods. 

Mrs.  Harris:  "  Here  is  the  bridge;  a 
very  modern  one,  by  the  way,  which 
seems  singular,  as  the  road  does  not 
seem  to  have  been  used,  and  looks  as  if 
it  might  have  remained  undisturbed  in 
the  forest  all  these  years." 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "  This  road  was 
only  discovered  or  noticed  two  years 
ago,  and  there  was  then  no  bridge  over 
the  ravine,  but  distinct  marks  of  the  old 
bridge  could  be  seen;  this  new  bridge 
covers  the  same  place.  This  forest  has 
remained  untouched  since  the  revolu- 
tionary time.  You  can  see  how  these 
few  acres  have  been  left,  and  how  in  the 


ii 


Mr-^z?^*-;i:nmr^i\:' 


'^^i^^i:^^^!'^:  ><  V  ■"  ■  '•-'<^'  ■  ■ '" 


TO 


A  VISIT   TO   THE   BATTLE   GROUND 


clearings  all  around  the  old  relics  of  the 
past,  earthworks  and  roads  have  been 
ploughed  up,  and  are  quite  lost." 

Miss  Van  Eyck:  "  This  is  a  beautiful 
glen,  with  the  water  tumbling  over  the 
rocks.  Duln'l  you  tell  me,  Mrs.  Harris, 
that  these  ravines  would  all  be  dry?  " 

Mrs.  Harris:  "I  supposed  they  would, 
for  I  have  heard  that  all  tlie  small  water 
courses  in  this  country  had  become 
greatly  reduced,  or  were  (luite  dried  up." 
Miss  Van  Eyck  and  Mrs.  Harris  linger 
on  the  little  bridge,  Judge  Van  Eyck  and 
Mr.  Winship  pass  over,  ascend  the  slope 
on  the  oilier  side  and  walk  on  a  few 
yards. 

Mr.  Winship:  "Look  at  this.  Judge; 
here  is  another  road,  branching  off  from 
the  one  we  have  followed." 

Judge  Van   Eyck:   "This  is,  indeed, 
clearly  another  road  of  the  same  kind; 
let  us  follow  it.     You  see  it  is  graded  in 
the  same  way.    There  were  in  those  times 
no  roads  in  New  York  as  carefully  and 
skilfully  graded  as  these  are.        You  can 
easily  see  the  difference  between  these 
and  the  country  roads  we  have  been  rid- 
ing over  to-day.     Take  a  look  now  up 
and  down  this  ravine,  and    at    the    sur- 
rounding country.   Do  you  see  that  where 
that  little  bridge  crosses  the  ravine  is  the 
onlyijlace  that  an  army  could  have  been 
taken  over  without  the  construction  of  a 
very  long  bridge,  and  a  far  greater  ex- 
penditure of  time  and  labor  than  Bur- 
goyne  used.     He  had  skilfuU  engineers. 
This  road  you  have  just  pointed  out  must 
have  been  made  to  carry  the  artillery  and 
stores  to   Breyman's  and    Balcarras'  re- 
doubts." 

Mr.  Winshii):  "Do  you  think,  Judge, 
that  these  can  be  the  old  ruts  made  by  the 


artillery  and  wagons  in  Burgoyne's  time? 
Would  they  not  have  been  fdled  up  long 
ago  by  the  deposit  of  leaves  and  dirt?" 
Judge  Van  Eyck:  "  It  is  said  that  a  de- 
pression of  four  inches  in  the  earth  will 
be  perceptible  for  a  much  longer  time. 
This  road  has  been  sheltered  by  the  for- 
rcst,  and  there  can  really  be  no  doubt 
about  these  old  roads;  it  is  not  only  that 
they  show  in  themselves  what  they  are, 
but  they  correspond  exactly  with  the 
roads  on  the  military  maps,  drawn  at  the 

time." 

Mr.  Winship:  "This  then  is  one  of  the 
plainest  and  most  interesting  land-marks 
of  the  revolutionary  period  that  we  pos- 
sess; but  the  glaring  new  boards  on  that 
bridge  make  one  think  that  the  old  will 
soon  be  lost  in  the  new." 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "  I  think,  Mr.  Win- 
ship, that  the  most  suitable  commemora- 
tion of  the  battles  that  could  be  made 
would  be  a  purchase  of  part  of  Freeman's 
Farm,  including  this  little  woodland.  Al- 
though the  battle  of  the  7th  began  off  on 
the  hills,  the  British  were  soon  driven 
back  here,  where  the  fighting  of  the  19th 
took  place.  If  this  i)lace  was  preserved 
without  change,  it  would  be  interesting 
in  itself,  and  in  the  course  of  time  a 
monument  could  be  erected  upon  it." 

They  join  the  ladies  and  it  is  decided 
that  they  will  ride  down  to  the  river,  a 
distance  of  two  miles  or  more.  The  pub- 
lic road  passing  Freeman's  Farm  is  fol- 
lowed. They  go  over  a  succession  of 
irregular  and  very  steep  hills,  they  make 
various  surmises  as  to  the  probable  lo- 
cality of  Burgoyne's  headquarters,  which 
they  know  they  must  pass  on  the  way. 
The  middle  ravine  is  plainly  seen  as  they 
proceed.      It   grows  wilder    and    more 


A   VISIT   TO   Tllli   UAITLK   CiROUND 


71 


e's  time? 
up  long 

d  dirt?" 
hat  a  de- 
arth will 
;cr  time. 
J  the  for- 
\o  doubt 
only  that 
they  are, 
with  the 
tvn  at  the 

)neof  the 
iid-marks 
t  we  pos- 
s  on  that 
;  old  will 

Mr.  Win- 

amemora- 

be  made 

Freeman's 

land.    Al- 

gan  off  on 

on  driven 

if  the  19th 

preserved 

interesting 

of  time  a 

pon  it." 

is  decided 

he  river,  a 

The  pub- 
arm  is  fol- 
cession  of 
they  make 
robable  lo- 
rters,  which 
n  the  way 
;een  as  they 

and    more 


rugged  and  the  hills  more  precipitous. 
They  can  understand  now  wliy  the  col- 
umns of  lUirguyne's  army  were  so  widely 
separated  on  their  advance;  liiey  must 
either  go  on  the  river  road  or  far  to  the 
west.  It  would  be  impossible  to  drag 
artillery  over  these  hills  antl  glens.  It 
becomes  iiujre  and  more  evident  that  tlie 
American  position  was  well  ciu>sen.  .\p- 
l)roaciiing  near  the  river  they  cross  one  of 
the  ravines  on  a  precarious  bridge;  they 
see  Wilbur's  basin  on  the  right  and  cross 
the  canal  bridge,  then  turn  sharply  to  the 
left  on  the  river  road. 

Miss  Van  i''.yck,  coming  to  the  siile  of 
the  landau:  "This  is  just  like  the  i)ic- 
tures  with  which  we  are  familiar;  there 
are  the  three  hills  on  which  the  British 
tents  are  always  seen  m  the  pictures. 
The  middle  one  must  be  where  Frazer  is 
buried.  See,  there  are  the  two  trees, 
the  grass  covering  most  of  the  slope, 
and  even  the  man  with  his  plough;  he 
must  have  come  out  on  purpose  to  con^- 
plete  the  view.  What  a  beautiful  place 
this  is;  no  wonder  Frazer  cliose  it  for  his 
burial." 

Mrs.  Harris:  "  It  must  have  been  here 
that  Lady  Ackland  embarked  in  the  little 
boat  that  was  to  take  her  to  the  Ameri- 
can cam]).     No,    that  was  at  Coveville. 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "  It  was  just  here,  too, 
that  the  British  army  was  huddled  to- 
ijether  on  the  night  after  the  lost  battle. 
Look  behind  you  at  the  Hats  where  the 
river  bends  a  little  and  yea  will  see  where 
the  Americans  posted  themselves  when 
they  followed  Burgoyne  that  night;  and 
just  on  that  rise  of  ground  Major  Stevens 
must  have  planted  the  cannon  that  made 
such  sad  work  at  the  funeral.  You  can 
see  how  impossible  it  was  for  Burgoyne 


to  remain  iiere  long.  Shall  we  now  ride 
up  the  riser  to  tiie  house  where  Frazer 
died?" 

.\Ir.  Winship:  "I  th'i.l  it  will  be  more 
interesting,  as  we  cannot  see  all  these 
places  to-day,  to  visit  Bemis'  Ilciglits, 
below  this;  it  will  probably  be  a  pleasant 
drive  down  the  river." 

Mrs.  Harris:  '"  Let  us  follow  Mr.  Win- 
ship's  suggestion.  I  do  not  want  to  re- 
turn without  seeing  the  exact  position  of 
the  American  camp." 

Miss  Van  F^yck:  "  Before  we  go,  let 
us  walk  up  the  hill,  and  see  if  iheie  is 
anytiiing  to  mark  Frazer's  grave." 

.Mrs.  Harris:  "You  will  find  nothing 
there,  Kate,  more  than  can  be  seen  from 
here;  yet  I  am  sure  it  was  a  false  charge 
made  by  some  of  the  British,  in  which 
they  stated  that  the  Americans  had 
oi)ened  the  grave  and  scattered  the  bones 
of  the  hero  in  their  search  for  chests  of 
gold  that  they  believed  had  been  buried 
with  him." 

William:  "But,  Judge,  they  did  find  big 
chests  of  money  some  where  out  here, 
and  not  very  long  ago.  I  heard  about 
a  workman  on  a  farm,  who  found  one  of 
these  chests.  The  farmer  made  him  give 
it  up  to  hmi,  because  it  was  found  on 
his  land.  Soon  afterwards  the  workman 
bought  himself  a  farm;  .so  they  knew  he 
must  have  got  a  good  deal  of  the  money." 

Judge  Van  Eyck:  "It  is  not  improb- 
able that  some  money  may  have  been 
found,  as  the  British  might  very  naturally 
have  buried  it  before  the  retreat,  to  pre- 
vent it  from  falling  into  the  hands  of  the 
Americans.  We  must  go  down  the  river 
now.     Drive  on,  William." 

They  have  a  beautiful  ride  of  about 
two   miles  over   the   flats   and   near   the 


i 


if: 


*fc!j».'^>»S!*«-'*  ,i 


**:3,w>i«a^i«;'ia',®jg;iaBS^sS%-»<':#iai5;.  ■     ji^;tt¥M.f'v--  - 


7^ 


A  VISIT  'lo   iiir.  i;\iri,K  ckound 


river,  when  tlicv  ri;i(  li  llu' silc  of  tlie  old 
IWniis   House.     Ik-re   tliey  turn    to  the 
rij;lit,  and   hejiin   the   long  and   gradual 
a;>(  ent  lo  the  hiights.     'I'liis  road  they  oh- 
ser\e,  as  they  examine  the  map,  follows 
the  line  of  tiie  Amerii  an  ramp,  and  runs 
along  a  rid_i;e,  with  a  ravine  in  front  and 
liehind.      'I'he   rem.iins  of  an   old  (  ellar 
on  the  left  indi(  ate  the  plai  e  of  (leneral 
Catis   iieachpiarters.       i'inally    reaching 
the  height,  a  turn  to  the  right  soon  brings 
them  III  the  Neilson  House,  where   Mor- 
gan   and    I'oor  had   their    headcpiarters. 
Fart  of  the  original  building  is  still  stand- 
ing,   and    in    it    the    room    where   Lady 
Ackland   was    condueted   to  the  bedside 
of  her  wounded  husband.     'I'he  house  is 
still  owned  and  occupied  by  descendants 
of  the  family  to  whom  it  then  belonged. 
Thev   have  many   relics  that  have  been 
found   on   the   farm,   arrow   points,  balls, 
bavonets,  (amp  spoons,  and  other  things 
suggestive  of  the  great  conllicts  or  the 
camp  life  of  the  contestants.     'These  are 
examined  by  the  visitors,  who  also  have 
pointed  out  to  them  the  remains  of  the 
earthworks  that  may  still  be  seen.  Judge 
Van   Kyck   now   hurries  his   party  home 
over  the  road  leading  to  (Quaker  Springs. 
Between  Neilson's  Farm  and  Freeman's 
Farm  they  pass  over  a  part  of  the  battle- 
field, and  with  the  aid  of  their  ma])  they 
locate  the  positions  of  the  different  corps 
of  troops,  as  they  are  represented  there. 
Kate  Van   Eyck  rides  close  to  the  car- 
riage, and  makes  incpiiries,  or  points  out 
such  places  as  she  believes  have  an  espe- 
cial interest. 

As  they  continue  their  ride  home,  the 
gorgeous  sunset  seems  to  be  repeated 
again  and  again,  as  it  is  lost  under  the 


shadow  of  some  great  hill,  to  be  found 
on(  e  more  as  they  emerge  from  its  dark- 
ened side.  The  lake  still  lies  in  a  pro- 
found calm,  only  repeating  with  startling 
distinctness  the  undulating  line  of  its 
shores  with  their  fringe  of  trees-:.  .\s 
they  near  ihe  \illage,  the  moon  comes 
out  in  full  splendor. 

.Mrs.  Harris:  "  What  a  glorious  day  we 
have  had.  Judge;  the  moon  seems  to 
appear  now  to  put  a  clima.x  on  its  per- 
fections." 

Mr.  Winship:  "  It  has  been  a  most  en- 
joyable day,  and  1  have  never  visited  a 
battle  field  with  more  satisfa(  tion.  It  is 
generally  difficult  to  realize  the  connec- 
tion between  the  i)lace  and  the  event; 
but  the  locations  of  the  two  camps,  with 
the  battle  ground  between,  on  the  Sara- 
toga field  suggests  vividnesss  of  recol- 
lection that  is  unusual." 

They  reai  h  the  hotel,  alight  and  pass 
into  their  cottage.  Colonel  Shelby  and 
Miss  IVlham  are  sitting  on  the  front 
])iazza,  waiting  for  their  arrival.  Col- 
onel Shelby  assists  Miss  Van  Eyck  from 
her  horse. 

Colonel  Shelby:  "  I  hope  your  antici- 
pations have  been  fulfilled;  that  you  have 
had  a  pleasant  day." 

Miss  Van  Eyck:  "  It  has  been  more 
than  delightful.  Uefore  I  went  I  had  a 
lurking  fear  that  when  I  actually  got  upon 
the  battle  ground  all  my  imaginations 
about  it  would  take  flight— that  it  would 
be  only  an  every  day  field  and  common- 
l)lace  hills,  but  it  was  not  so.  As  I  rode 
over  the  ground  I  did  realize  that  it  was 
sacred  to  a  great  cause — that  it  had  been 
the  arena  upon  which  great  ideas  had 
displayed  their  impelling  force,  and  that 


SCnUYl,ERVII,I.F, 


73 


be  found 
1  its  (lark- 
in  a  p  ro- 
ll startlin ,' 
iiH'  of  its 
I  re <-■!•.  As 
)on  comes 

311S  day  we 

seems    to 

jn  its  per- 

.1  most  en- 
r  visited  a 
lion.  It  is 
le  connec- 

the  event; 
amps,  with 

the  Sara- 
;   of    recol- 

t  and  pass 
ihclby  and 
,  the  front 
rival.  Col- 
Eyck  from 

/our  antici- 
at  you  have 

been  more 
ent  I  had  a 
lly  got  upon 
maginations 
lat  it  would 
id  common- 
As  I  rode 
:  that  it  was 
:  it  had  been 
t  ideas  had 
ce,  and  that 


while  many  of  the  contestants  had 
'  r.uilded  l)etter  than  they  knew,'  tlu'V 
must  still  hasf  been  inspired  with  some 
dim  \  ision  of  tiie  future." 

Colonel  Shelby:  "You  conx  ince  me, 
Miss  Van  liyrk,  that  the  jjleasure  or 
profit  we  may  linil  in  any  obje(  t  is  with- 
in ourselves.  How  many  persons  would 
witness  the  scenes  you  have  looked  on 
to-day  and  feel  no  responsive  emotion, 
have  no  new  thoughts  awakened.  1  envy 
the  i)erson  whom  you  will  i)ermit  at  any 


time  to  be  the  companion  of  your 
thoughts  and  sentiments.  Will  you  al- 
low me  to  hope  that  I  may  occasionally 
have  su(  h  a  happiness?  You  must  be 
cnnvinrid  by  this  time  that  such  (m  <  .i- 
sions  ( annot  be  too  often  repeated  to 
please  me.  Will  you  allow  me  to  go 
with  you  to-morrow  on  the  proposed  ex- 
l)edition  to  I'roipect  Hill?" 

Miss  Van  Kyck:  "  I  will  tell  you  in 
the  morning,  Colonel,  what  arrangements 
we  have  made." 


SCHUYLERVH.I.E 


This  village,  the  Saratoga  of  the  past, 
which  forms  so  important  and  interest- 
ing a  feature  in  the  Ikirgoyne  Campaign, 
is  beautifully  situated  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Hudson  river,  about  thirty-five 
miles  above  Albany,  and  twelve  miles 
east  of  Saratoga  Springs.  The  drive 
from  the  latter  place  is  over  a  regular 
stage  road,  that  is  kept  in  good  condi- 
tion; a  start  is  made  through  one  of  the 
most  delightful  streets.  Lake  Avenue, 
and  when  about  a  mile  out,  a  beautiful 
view  of  the  village  of  Saratoga  Springs 
may  be  seen;  after  a  stretch  of  plain 
and  hill,  as  the  approa(  h  is  made  to- 
wards the  river  in  the  last  half  of  the 
ride,  fine  views  are  obtained,  and  a  pic- 
turesque farming  country  is  traversed. 
Schuylerville  lies  on  the  lower  slope  of 
the  historic  heights  of  Old  Saratoga,  and 
every  foot  of  ground  as  one  enters  the 
village  limits  is  rich  in  interest,  is  throng- 
ing with  memories  of  the  past. 

Old  Saratoga!  the  great  Indian  hunt- 
ing ground  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
the  great  Indian  patent  of  the  eighteenth 


century;  the  home  of  the  Christian  Iro- 
(juois,  the  outpost  of  white  civilization, 
the  place  of  forts,  the  scene  of  massa- 
cres, the  birthplace  of  heroism,  the  hills 
of  triumph!  Who  could  fail  to  feel  a 
thrill  of  pride  and  joy,  yet  tremulous 
with  rising  tears,  as  he  stood  on  the 
Heights  of  Old  Saratoga;  old,  indeed, 
since  it  has  nearly  reached  the  second 
century  of  its  existence,  for  "on  the  sec- 
ond day  of  August,  1690,  Saratoga  took 
its  place  among  the  long  list  of  our  coun- 
try's geographical  names."  From  that 
time  it  constantly  appears  in  the  ac- 
counts of  the  wars,  or  the  progressive  set- 
tlement of  the  country.  It  is,  however, 
pre-eminently  important  as  the  place  of 
Burgoyne's  surrender,  the  last  spot  to 
which  his  harrassed,  yet  sternly  disci- 
plined army  was  driven;  the  ground  upon 
which  his  ambitious  spirit  succumbed  to 
the  inevitable  fortune  of  war,  when  he 
reluctantly  called  his  officers  together, 
and  gave  his  vote  with  theirs  for  capitu- 
lation;  and  where  on  a  terrace-like  bluff, 
before  the  assembled  thousands,  friends 


i 


ar  *"^i;*rts  ^-3^^'  '^-^;>  ■^iti*:*-''^'  ^'  -  ■ 


.-"/ffe :  fe5<-*!(*9f f/jf .'it**' ". 


74 


SCmiYLERVII.LE 


and  foes,  he  yielded  his  sword  to  Clcn-  rior  for  his  Field  Book.     Since  then  the 

eral  dates.  house  has  been  remodeled,  hut  the  main 

Here  is  also  the  plain,  now  partly  filled  timbers,  and,  in   fact,  all  the  rooms  ro- 

hy  canal  ind   basin,  and  marked   by  the  main  asthey  were  in  1777.  The  rafterand 

i;im  tree   of   tr.idilional    renown,  where  base  boards,  through  which  the  cannon 

the    I5riiisl>   stacked  their   arms.       Here  balls  passed,  have  been  removed.    They 

also  is  tile  site  of  the  .S(  luiyler  m.insion,  are  <  .irefiiUy  jireservcd,  and  upon  inspec- 


tion, will  be  found  to  authenticate  Mad- 
ame Kiedesel's  thrilling  account  of  the 
days  spent  in  this  house;  scenes  that  are 
vividly  recalled  as  one  stands  ujion  the 

little   children 


which  war  burned  by  Hurgoyne's  order, 
and  wli'  re  the  officers  representing  the 
commanders  of  the  respective  armies 
first  met  for  the   ( onsideration  of  terms 

of  surrender,  and  near  it  is  the  first  place  cellar    floor,    where    her 

of  meeting  between  lUirgoyne  and  dates,  crouched  in  terror. 

for  an   interchange  of  the  courtesies  of  From  the  pia/,/  i  may  be  seen  the  hills 

military  life  before    the  final  surrender,  on  the  cast  side  of  the  river,  where  the 

'I'lie  Srhiivler  mansion,  as  rebuilt  and  oc-  American    artillery    was     posted,    from 

rupied  for  many  years  by  the  deneral,  is  which   were  thrown  the  balls  that  tore 

still  standing.  through    the   house.      The    exact    place 

On  a  pine-crested  hill,  south    of  the  where   Burgoyne   crossed   the    river    is 

Fish   dreek,  which  overlooks  the  ceme-  also  in  sight;  and  upon   riding  to  that 

tery  on   the   north  side,  are  the  remains  spot,  the  river  bank   will  be   found  cut 

of  earthworks,     dn  this  hill  Major  Ste-  away  on  each  side,  to  facilitate  the  pas- 

vens  probably   placed   the  artillery  from  sage  of  the  army.     A  little  to  the  south 

which  were   tiirown  the  very  balls  that  are   the   hills  on  which  the  Americans, 

tradition  says   interrupted  so  rudely  the  under  Fellows,  were  posted, 

dinner  of  the  British  denerals.  Many  places  of  minor  interest  may  be 

'I'his  cemetery  hill,  stretching  towards  visited  at  Schuylerville,  and  the  tourist  of 

Victory,  was  evidently  that  strongly  forti-  leisure  would  be  well  repaid  for  a  week 

fied  part  of  the  camp  indicated  on  the  or  more  of  rambling  and  driving  about 

old  military  maps  as  the  position  of  Fra-  this  lovely  village,  where  every  comfort- 

zer's  light  rangers,  and  those  now  living  able  accommodation  can  be  found  at  the 

assisted  in  the  destruction  of  the  earth-  doldsmith   House,   which   has  also   the 

works,  as  declared  in   the  affidavits  be-  inducement  of  a  good  sulphur  spring  in 

low.     A  drive  from  the  cemetery  along  its  grounds. 

the  heights  takes  one  quite  through  the  The  village  is  quiet  and  quaint,  and  is 

site  of  the  British  camp,  and   is  apjiro-  remarkable  for  the  large  number  of  fam- 

priately  terminated  at  the  Riedesel  house,  dies  who  have  lived  within  its  limits  or 

now  owned  by  Mr.  Marshall,  and  shown  neighborhood  for  several  successive  gen- 

to  visitors  with  great  kindness,  and  intel-  erations.      This   fact   gives   an   unusual 

ligent  interest.     This  house  was  visited  interest  and  authentication  to  the  tradi- 

by  Mr.  Lossing  nearly  thirty  years  ago,  tions  of  the  place.     The  following  affi- 

when  he  sketched  the  interior  and  exte-  davits  were  made  by  two  of  the  oldest 


8CHUYLERVILLE 


75 


e  then  the 
t  the  main 
rooms  re- 
:  rafter  and 
ihe  cannon 
red.  They 
)on  inspec- 
icate  Mad- 
)unt  of  the 
les  that  are 
Is  upon  the 
le  children 

en  tlie  hills 
,  where  the 
sted,  from 
s  that  tore 
;xact  place 
le  river  is 
ing  to  that 
found  cut 
ite  the  pas- 
o  the  south 
Americans, 

rest  may  be 
he  tourist  of 
for  a  week 
iving  about 
;ry  comfort- 
found  at  the 
as  also  the 
lur  spring  in 

Liaint,  and  is 
iber  of  fam- 

its  limits  or 
xessive  gen- 

an  unusual 
:o  the  tradi- 
iliowing  affi- 
>f  the  oldest 


inhabitants  for  the  use  of  the  Senate 
Committee  having  the  Saratoga  Monu- 
ment under  consideration;  they  are  now 
published  for  the  first  time:* 

Statk  ok  Nf.w  York,  | 
County  of  Saratoga,  j 

.Albert  Clements,   being    duly   sworn, 
deposes  and  says:    I  reside   in   the  town 
of  Saratoga,  in  said  county,  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  the  village  of  Schuylerville,  and 
have  resided  there  since  the  year  1789 — 
am  now  ninety-five  years  of  age.    I  came 
to   this    town    from    Dutchess    county. 
Abraham  Marshall  was  residing  here  then 
on  tile  farm  now  occupied  by  his  grand- 
son,  William    Marshall.     I    heard    him 
(Abraham)  say  that  he  witnessed  the  sur- 
render   of    Burgoyne's    army;  that  the 
Briti.sh  army  marched  down  below  the 
gravel    hill    located    on    the    west  side 
of  the  river  road,  south  of  Fish  Creek, 
and    Burgoyne    there    surrendered    his 
sword.     I  have  frequently  heard  soldiers 
who  were  in  Gates'  army  tell  the  follow- 
ing incident:     After  the   retreat  of  the 
British     army  from    Stillwater    towards 
Schuylerville,   tiie   .American    army   pur- 
sued them  as  far  as  u  hill  on  the  south 
bank  of  Fish  Creek,  nearly  opposite  the 
village  of  Victory,  and  there  erected  a  bat- 
tery, and   fired  their  guns  towards  the 
point  on   the   north   side   of  the  creek, 
where  Burgoyne  happened  to  be  at  the 
table  eating,  and  a  ball  came  on  the  table 
and  knocked  off  a  leg  of  mutton. 

I  remember,  when  I  was  a  boy,  of  see- 
ing breastworks  extending  as  much  as  a 
quarter  of  a  mile  in  length  along  the  hill 
where  Prospect  Hill  Cemetery  now  is  lo- 
cated, in  the  direction  of  the  road  just 
west  of  the  cemetery.     I  assisted  in  tear- 


ing them  down.  They  were  made  of 
pine  logs  and  earth.  [  ploughed  up  a 
cartridge  box  containing  about  sixty 
musket  balls. 

F  remember  the  old  Dutch  Church, 
which  stood  on  the  south  side  of  the  road 
now  running  from  the  river  rtiad  to  Vic- 
lory;  I  fre(iuenlly  attended  meeting 
there.  It  was  a  wooden  structure,  heavy 
timbers  and  clap-boarded. 

There  were  no  other  buildings  on  the 
south  side  of  the  creek  except  Ceneral 
Schuyler's  mansion,  aiul  only  two  on  the 
north  side  at  that  time. 

I  visited  General  Si  huylcr's  mansion 
when  he  was  there;  I  saw  him  signing 
deeds  or  leases.      Ai.iifrt  Clements. 

Sworn  to  before  me  April  13th,  1877. 
S.  Wells,  Notary  Public. 


)RK,  ) 

nty.  ) 


State  of  New  Yoj 
Saratoga  County. 

William  H.  McCreedy,  being  duly 
sworn,  deposes  and  says:  I  am  eighty- 
six  years  of  age;  now  reside  in  the  vil- 
lage of  Schuylerville,  in  said  county,  and 
have  there  resided  for  over  sixty  years 
past.  I  remember  of  hearing  my  father 
and  grandfather,  who  were  both  in  Gates' 
army,  say:  that  they  witnessed  Burgoyne's 
surrender;  that  the  terms  of  the  surren- 
der were  signed  under  the  Elm  tree  now 
standing  on  the  east  side  of  Broad  street, 
in  Schuylerville,  between  the  feed  store 
of  Simon  Sheldon  and  the  blacksmith's 
shop  adjoining  on  the  south;  and  that 
the  British  aijny  marched  down  the  River 
Road  just  below  Gravel  Hill,  south  of 
Fish  Creek,  and  surrendered. 

I  remember  seeing  breastworks,  ex- 
tending north  and  south,  on  the  river 
flats  between  the  village  and  the  river. 


$ 


76 


SCIIUVLEKVILLE 


I  dug  up  five  cannon  Jwtl^  there  some 
lifty  years  ago.  I  visited  old  C.eneral 
Si  luiyler  at  liis  mansion  several  times. 
1  dined  tliere  on  one  occasion;  and  after 
finishing  my  meal,  the  old  General  asked 
me  if  1  had  oaten  enough.  I  answered 
that  I  liad  all  that  I  wanted,  and  he  re- 
plied:   "  If    you  have,   knock  out  your 

teeth." 

My  grandfather,  Charles  McCrcedy, 
and  father,  James  McCrecdy,  were  both 
in  the  engagements  fought  at  Bemis' 
Heights,  September  19th  and  October 
7th,  1777.  lh'>y  told  me  that  General 
Gates'  headquarters  were  south  of  the 
old  Dutch  Church,  and  were  present  at 
the  surrender;  and  that  the  old  turnpike 
road  was  about  where  the  canal  now  is. 

William  H.  McCreedy. 
Sworn  before  me,  April  13th,  1877. 

S.  Wells,  Notary  Public. 

*  I  have  IukI  the  pleasure  of  conversing  wilh 
these  ol.l  men,  and  caa  bear  witness  lo  tlie  clear- 
ness and  readiness  of  their  memory. 

Mr.  Clements  is  exceedingly  interesting,  and  a 


man  of  some  attainments.  lie  ha=  been  a  civil 
engineer,  and  told  me  that  he  had  surveyed  the 
first  lots  that  were  laid  out  in  Schuylerville, 
Thilij)  Schuyler,  grandson  of  the.  General,  and 
Mr.  licadlc,  who  afterwards  laid  out  the  vi'lage 
ol  West  Troy,  carrying  the  chain.  Mr.  Clements 
also  said  lie  had  made  the  survey  that  settled  the 
disputed  line  between  the  towns  of  Northum- 
Ijcrland  and  Saratoga,  and  a  curious  incident  en- 
abled him  to  verify  his  work.  lie  found  the 
old  survey  mark  in  a  log  of  yellow  pine  (known 
to  be  very  durable)  under  ground,  and  correspond- 
ing wilh  his  own  lines. 

Mr.  McCreedy  is  01. e  of  four  generations  who 
have  fought  in  the  various  wars  of  the  country. 
Mis  father  and  grandfather  were  in  the  battles  of 
Saratoga;  he  fought  in  tlie  battle  of  I'lattsburgh 
in  the  war  of  1812,  and  his  son  took  an  active 
part  in  the  late  war.  His  wife,  who  is  near  his 
own  age,  and  has  lived  with  him  sixty  years,  is  a 
very  bright  old  lady.  She  gives  a  vivid  account 
of  a  fourth  of  July  celebration  that  took  place 
at  Schuylerville  fifty-five  years  ago,  when  the 
veterans  of  the  revolution  had  a  banquet  spread 
for  them  on  the  plain  before  Fort  .'.ady,  where 
the  British  stacked  their  arms.  She  says  the  old 
men  were  very  spry  on  that  day,  and  that  there 
was  then  assembled  the  largest  crowd  of  people 
ever  gathered  at  Schuylerville.  E.  II.  W. 


:i=  been  a  civil 
I  surveyed  tlie 

Schuylerville, 
,  General,  and 
out  the  vi'lage 

Mr.  CIcnuMils 
that  settled  the 
i  of  Northum- 
lU^;  incident  cn- 
lle  found  the 
w  pine  (known 
md  correspond- 

;enerations  who 
~il  the  country. 
in  the  battles  of 

of  riattsburgh 

took  an  active 
ivho  is  near  his 

sixty  years,  is  a 
a  vivid  account 
that  took  place 

ago,  when  the 
banquet  spread 
•I  i'.ady,  where 
i\\c  says  the  old 

and  that  there 
:rowd  of  people 
E.  II.  W. 


VISITORS'   GUIDE 


jj^^«=^.i^*;,,  ■-.^:-^~^ 


IS 


lalU 


MoreaaSaJt'/ 


i 


con 


Hilll 


^^lic, 


Picffi 


yoveville  - 


SARATOGA    SPRINGS 


IN    RELATION    TO    THK    IIRKAT    ROUTKS    OF    TRAVEL 


The  village  of  Saratoga  Springs  is 
located  directly  on  the  main  northern 
railroad  between  New  York  citv  and 
Montreal.  It  is  about  five  hours'  ride 
from  New  York  city,  one  hour  from  Troy 
and  one  hour  and  a  quarter  from  Albany. 
Through  trains,  with  drawing-room  cars, 
arrive  from  New  York  and  other  points 
several  times  each  day.  The  Hudson 
River  day  and  night  steamboat  lines  con- 
nect with  the  morning  and  evening 
trains. 

From  the  west,  New  York  Central 
Railroad  trains  make  immediate  connec- 
tions with  Saratoga  trains  at  Schenecta- 
dy, which  is  one  hour's  ride  from  the 
Springs.  From  Boston  and  the  east, 
many  trains  of  the  Boston  and  Albany, 
and  also  the  Hoosick  Tunnel  road  con- 
nect with  Saratoga  trains  without  delay. 
The  Adirondack  Railroad  has  its  south- 
ern terminus  at  Saratoga  Springs.  Pas- 
sengers on  that  road  can  go  to  North 
Creek,  tlicn  by  >  ♦^age  to  Cedar  River  and 
to  Blue  Mountain  Lake,  the  head-waters 
of  the  Raquette  river.  Excursions  can 
be  made  to  Lake  George  on  the  Dela- 
ware and  Hudson  Canal  Co.'s  railroad  to 
Glens  Falls,  and  thence  by  stage  ten 
miles  to  the  south  end  of  the  lake,  or 
by  railroad  to  the  north  end  of  the  lake, 
which  is  traversed  daily  by  a  pleasant 
little  steamboat.  Thus  it  is  seen  that 
tourists  passing  over  any  of  the  great 
routes  north,  south,  cast  or  west,  can 
reach  Saratoga  to  refresh  themselves  with 


its  health-giving  waters,  or  visit  its  ob- 
jects of  interest  with  little  loss  of  time, 
while  those  who  remain  during  the  sea- 
son can  make  frequent  excursions  to  de- 
lightful places  of  resort,  or  reach  the 
cities  for  business  purposes  without  ef- 
fort or  serious  waste  of  time. 

THE  DEPOT 
The  depot  is  on  Division  street,  near 
Franklin  Square,  in  the  central  part  of 
the  village,  and  one  block  from  Broad- 
way, which  is  its  principal  street.  Hotel 
omnibuses  convey  passengers  to  the  ho- 
tels free  of  charge.  The  best  class  of 
livery  carriages  and  horses  are  also  in 
waiting  for  the  use  of  travelers,  agrfl  the 
agent  of  a  reliable  baggage  express  com- 
pany is  in  attendance  on  the  cars  and  in 
the  depot.  It  is  but  a  short  walk  from 
the  depot  to  most  of  the  hotels,  board- 
ing houses  and  springs. 

HOTELS 
The  hotels  of  Saratoga  are  probably 
the  largest  in  the  world.  These  immense 
brick  buildings  are  graceful  and  impos- 
ing in  appearance.  They  are  richly 
furnished  with  taste  and  elegance,  and 
have  all  the  modern  accessories  of  com- 
fort and  convenience.  Elevators  are  con- 
stantly in  operation;  gas,  bells  and  water 
pipes  communicate  with  each  set  of 
apartments.  Broad  piazzas  supplied 
with  easy  chairs  face  the  gay  panoramic 
view  on  Broadway,  and  also  sweep  around 
the   inner  courts  with    their    beautiful 


^SS*;nKtr!; i^'^y^^t^^.'^  '^^--^^^ii^^^l^Jii^ii.^.^.-.  .i:  'i''4i^^-^'^ir^-s?'--^:r^<A,v.~- 


8o 


visitors'  guide 


lawMs,  cooling  fountains  and  fine  shade 
trees.  A  first-class  hand  of  music  is 
employed  by  each  hotel,  not  only  to  fur- 
nish dancing  music  for  the  balls,  hoi)S, 
and  morning  "C.crmans,"  but  to  give 
each  day  a  jjiazza  or  parlor  coik  ert  of 
classical  music.  A  prugranuue  of  these 
concerts  is  published  duly  in  "  The  Sar- 
atogian,"and  they  form  one  of  the  most 
delightful  features  of  Saratoga  life. 

Thk    Uniti-.I)    Statks    Hotki.   con- 
tains 1,100  rooms,  and  capacity  for  2,000 
guests.     It  offers  an  especial  advantage 
to   visitors  in   the  large   number  of    its 
cottages  and  full  suites  of  rooms  having 
a    private  entrance,  numerous  connect- 
ing rooms,  large  closets  and  bath-rooms 
appropriated  to  each.     In  these  are  com- 
bined the  seclusion  and  rei)ose  of  family 
life  with  the   ea»?   and   luxury   of  hotel 
living.        The    cottage    halls   and    parlor 
windows  open  upor  large  piazzas,  which 
face     the    beautiful    lawn  ;    the     whole 
forming    a    magnificent    interior    view. 
The  enormous  halls,  the  reading-rooms, 
and  smaller  parlors  of  the  house  are  but 
introductory   to  tlie   recherche  effect   of 
the  grand   drawing-room.     Far  surpass- 
ing the  parlor  of  the  old   United  States 
Hotel  as  this  room  does,  it  liut  suggests 
to    many   old   time    frecpienters    of    the 
former,  the  charming  days  when  the  elite 
of  the  whole   country   met  there  during 
each   successive   "  season."    They  came 
together  with  the  sun-  and  pleasant  ex- 
pectation each   of    finding  the   other  in 
his  ;;ccustomed  place,  except  when  death 
stepped  in  and  left  a  theme  of  regretful 
sentiment  to  be  dwelt  upon  by  the  sur- 
vivors. 

The  traditional  flavor  of  the  old  aris- 
tocratic element  still  lingers   about  the 


United  States,  and  is  constantly  strength- 
ened by  its  present  visitors;  that  more 
numerous  throng  of  cultivated  and  high 
toned  people  who  gladly  leave  their  city 
homes  to  refresh  themselves  with  coun- 
try pleasures  and  metropolitan  comforts. 
The  Grand  Union  Hoif.l  has  a 
frontage  of  1,364  feet  on  IJroadway,  and 
its  new  central  tower  commands  a  mag- 
nificent view  of  the  surrounding  coun- 
try and  distant  mountains.  The  hotel 
will  accommodate  1,800  guests,  and  is 
deservedly  popular  and  delightful. 

CoNcJREi^s  Hail  can  receive  1,200 
guests.  It  is  a  first-class  hotel  in  all  its 
appointments.  Its  picturesque  bridge, 
thrown  across  Spring  street,  and  connect- 
ing the  hotel  with  the  ball-room,  when 
brilliantly  lighted,  is  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  gaslight  views  of  Saratoga. 

THECi.AKENnoN  f routs Cougress  Park, 
and  will  accommodate  500  guests,  and  is 
a  favorite  summer  home  for  many  of  the 
best  families  of  New  York  City. 

The  Auelphi  Hotel.  This  new  brick 
hotel  adjoins  the  United  States.  It  is  a 
revival  of  one  of  the  oldest  and  most 
popular  houses  of  Saratoga,  and  the  well 
established  reputation  of  its  proprietor 
a&  an  obliging  landlord  ensures  it  a  re-es- 
tablished popularity.  It  will  be  kepi 
open  all  the  year. 

Remedial  Institute;  Sylvester  S. 
Strong,  M.  D.  This  is  an  unique 
institution,  combining  in  a  novel  man- 
ner the  pleasant  features  of  the  sani- 
tarium, the  hotel  and  the  private  board- 
ing house.  Here  may  be  had  the  best 
medical  attendance  and  advice.  Hither 
are  sent  by  physicians  in  the  cities 
many  obstinate  cases  of  chronic  dis- 
ease,   that   the    patient   may   have    the 


{ strength- 
that  more 
,  and  high 
;  their  city 
kvith  coun- 

comforts. 

i-.L  lias  a 
.(Iway,  and 
ids  a  mag- 
ling  coun- 
The  hotel 
its,  and  is 
itfiil. 

eive  1,200 
:l  in  all  its 
jue  bridge, 
id  connect- 
•00m,  when 
'  the  most 
ratoga. 
igress  Park, 
lests,  and  is 
nany  of  the 
ity. 

is  new  brick 
tes.  It  is  a 
t  and  most 
md  the  well 
i  proprietor 
es  it  a  re-es- 
ill    be    kept 

Sylvester  S. 
an  unique 
novel  man- 
of  the  sani- 
ivate  board- 
lad  the  best 
ice.  Hither 
1  the  cities 
chronic  dis- 
ly   have    the 


VISITORS    GUIDE 


81 


benefit  of  special  appliances,  which  can 
only  be  obtained  in  a  public  institution. 
These  appliances  are  of  the  most  varied, 
the  newest  and  the  best  kind.  The 
Turkish  and  Russian  baths  arc  each  a 
bijou.  There  are  also  electric  baths, 
health  lifts,  vibrators,  the  Swedish  move- 
ment cure,  and  many  other  systems  of 
treatment,  all  of  which  can  be  used  by 
persons  who  do  not  boartl  in  the  house. 
This,  however,  will  accommodate  a  large 
number  of  guests.  There  is  little  ap- 
pearance of  invalidism  about  the  estab- 
lishment, and  it  is  a  favorite  rendezvous 
for  clergymen  and  literary  people;  music, 
croquet,  charades  and  literary  entertain- 
ments enliven  the  pleasant  summer  days 
and  evenings. 

The  American,  Wavb;rlev,  Holden 

H0USE,WlNDS0R,C0LUMni\N,  EVKRETT, 

and  Heustis  House,  are  ex(  client  hotels 
on  Broadway.  The  Continental,  Ver- 
mont and  many  othei's  are  pleasantly 
situated  on  other  streets. 

BOARDING  HOUSES 
The  BROAi>\VAv  Hali,  and  Washing- 
ton Hall,  on  Broadway,  are  houses  long 
established  and  favorably  known.  There 
are  many  other  good  houses  on  J^ioad- 
way  and  other  streets.  Pitnev's,  on 
Congress  -treet,  is  also  a  favorite  resort. 
Dr.  iIamilton's  Medical  1  vstitute 
offers  a  pleasant  and  r  Sned  home,  with 
many  advantages  to  invfJids;  it  is  on 
Franklin  street.  MoREv'sis  a  large  and 
comfortable  house  on  tit     tme  street. 

Temple  Grove  Sf";;.nary  for  young 
ladies  is  an  excellent  institution  of  learn- 
ing, and  during  the  season  it  is  a  delight- 
ful   boarding    house,    with     itS    ample 


grounds  and  pleasant  rooms,  to  which 
gULSts  are  welcomed  by  its  cultured  pro- 
prietors. 

THE  MINERAL  SPRINGS 

In  an  irregular  valley,  several  miles  in 
length,  lie  the  Mineral  Springs  of  Sara- 
toga county.  The  most  noted  are  within 
the  limits  that  terminate  at  the  Excelsior 
and  Union  Springs  towards  the  north- 
east, and  the  Geyser,  with  other  spouting 
springs,  towards  the  south.  The  valley 
winds  througli  the  village  of  Saratoga 
Springs,  between  the  two  principal  streets, 
Broadway  and  Circular,  crossing  the  lat- 
ter near  the  Empire,  and  the  former  near 
the  Congress  Springs. 

This  valley  is  at  the  base  of  the  great 
chains  of  mountains  towards  the  north- 
west. Beneath  it  is  a  '  fault  '  or  frac- 
ture in  the  earth's  crust,  which  penetrates 
.several  geological  strata.  "The  rocks 
on  the  west  side  of  the  "  fault "  are  hun- 
dreds of  feet  above  those  on  the  east 
side."  This  displacement  prevents  the 
free  flow  of  waters  past  the  "fault,"  the 
Hudson  river  slates  being  here  opposed 
to  the  Lower  Silurian  rocks,  and  thus 
ore  thrown  towards  the  earth's  surface, 
not  only  the  mineral  springs  that  surprise 
and  delight  u.s,  but  vast  numbers  of 
sparkling  fresh  water  springs  of  unri- 
valled purity  and  power. 

The  High  Rock  Spring  is  the  historic 
spring  of  Saratoga.  It  was  known  to  the 
Indians  before  a  white  man  trod  this  con- 
tinent, and  their  sick  were  frequently 
brought  to  the  "  Medicine  spring  of  the 
Great  Spirit."  The  first  white  man  who 
visited  the  spring  was  a  sick  French  offi- 
cer, who  was  brought  by  the  Indians  from 
Fort  Carillon.     The  very  name  of  Sara- 


i 

I; 


■;;tj3S3!r*eF-jv: 


t.'ii«€**>-'..'-,.-,%J 


^jVKXr-Sv^^Nt; 


82 


visitors'  guide 


toga  is  proof  of  the  early  discovery  of  this 
spring  by  the  Indians.     It  signifies  "the 
place  of  the  miraculous  waters  in  a  rock." 
In  1767,  Sir  William   Johnson  was   car- 
ried to  the  spring  on  a  litter,  the  Indians 
having   persuaded   him  that  the  waters 
would  be  a  sure  remedy  for  the  serious 
illness  he  fre.piently  suffered,  in  conse- 
quence of  an  old  wound.     In  1783,  Gen- 
eral Philip  Schuyler  opened  a  road  from 
the  Fish  Kill,  through  the  forest,  to  the 
spring,  near  which  he  raised  a  tent,  and 
lived"  in    it   during  the  summer.       The 
nen  s.-.von  he   put  up  the  first  frame 
ho.se  lb,  c  was  built  at  the  Springs. 

Cc-'^'.av.ed  medicinally,  the  waters  of 
this  sp.in^  are   among  the   very  best  of 
the  vMncal  fountains  of  Saratoga,  and 
iw.y  -.10.  residents  prefer  them  to   any 
others,       The   especial   feature   of    this 
spring,  huwever,  is  its  wonderful  geolog- 
ical formation;  "it  is  one  of  the  greatest 
natuial  curiosities  in  the  world—perhaps 
the   most   remarkable    specimen   of    its 
kind  upon  the  whole  face  of  the  earth." 
It  can  be  reached  by  descending  into  the 
valley  from   Rock  street  down   a    long, 
but  easy  flight  of  steps,  or  by  walking  a 
few  rods  around  the  hill  by  the  Empire 
Spring      The  Rock  is  nearly  four  feet  in 
height  above  the  surface  of  the  ground, 
and   over   twenty-for.t    feet   in   circum- 
ference  at  the  baf..:.     The  spring  bub- 
bles up  through  .u-i  aperture  in  the  centre 
of  the  rock,  remaining  ten  inches  below 
the  top,  wheve  the  opening  is  one  foot  in 
diameter.     The  >valls  of  the  rock   are  of 
nearly   uniform  thickness.      The  .'pnng 
formcrlv  overflowed  this  rock,  which  has 
been  formed   from  the  mineral  deposits 
of  the  water.     "  The  mineral  substances 
held  in  solution  in  the  springs  with  tlie 


carbonic  acid  gas  are  magnesia,  lime  and 
iron;  these  substances,  together  with  oth- 
ers furnished  from  materials  about   the 
spring,  such   as  leaves,  twigs,  nuts  and 
shells  of  snails,  compose  the  High  Rock. 
The  phenomenon  is  not  an  isolated  in- 
stance of  this  kind  of  formation  at  the 
springs  of  Saratoga.     A  large  amount  of 
this  deposit  was  thrown  down  at  the  Flat 
Rock  Spring,  and  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Empire  there  was  a  deposit  of  tufa,  about 
the   size  of  a  two   quart  bowl,  with   an 
aperture  of  two  inches."     These  deposits 
are  always  going  on,  but  they  seldom  re- 
pose long  enough  to  ar;  umulate  and  be 
cemented  together.     The  position  of  the 
Congress  Spring  in   the  side  of  a  rock, 
from  which  it  made  a  rapid  descent  into 
the  creek  just  below,  prevented  any  such 
accumulation. 

Tn,  water  of  the  High  Rock  Spring 
is  .f  uniform  quality,  and  an  excellent 
tonic;  it  is  also  bottled  on  an  extensive 

scale. 

Congress  Spring  and  Park,  corner 
of     Broadway    and     Congress    streets. 
I.et  us  revert  for  a  moment  to   Saratoga 
Springs  in  the  past.     It  is  August  1792. 
Near  the   High  Rock  Spring  stand  two 
rude  log  houses,  to  which  rough  addi- 
tions  have   been    made   which   convert 
them  into  taverns  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  visitors  to  the  one  spring  then 
known   in  this  locality;  in  the  rear  of 
these    houses   is   a   o.uaint  blacksmiths 
shop,  built  of  heavy  stones.     Not  far 
distant,  embowered  by  the  primitive  for- 
est, is  the  simple  summer  house  of  Gen- 
eral Philip   Schuyler,  consisting  of  two 
rooms,   with  a  large  stone  fireplace  and 
chimney  between  them.     A  mile  to  the 
west  is  the  "  clearing"   of    Gideon   Put- 


I! 


VISITORS     CUIDE 


83 


lime  and 
with  oth- 
bout   the 
nuts  and 
gh  Rock, 
alatcd  in- 
on  at  the 
imount  of 
It  the  Flat 
th  of  the 
ufa,  about 
1,  with   an 
ic  de[>osits 
seldom  re- 
te  and  be 
ion  of  the 
of  a  rock, 
!scent  into 
d  any  such 

)ck  Spring 
n  excellent 
.  extensive 

RK,  corner 
ss    streets, 
o  Saratoga 
ugust  1792. 
;  stand  two 
ough   addi- 
ch   convert 
ccommoda- 
spring  then 
the  rear  of 
jlacksmith's 
3.     Not   far 
rimitive  for- 
)use  of  Gen- 
;ting  of  two 
ireplace  and 
mile  to  the 
}ideon   Put- 


nam. A  few  visitors  are  gathered  at  the 
little  taverns.  'I'hey  come  to  use  tlie 
waters  of  the  "  great  medicine  s])ring  " 
of  traditional  renown,  the  'ligh  Rock; 
some  of  the  gentlemen  being  attracted 
sim])ly  by  the  fme  hunting  and  fishing  to 
be  enjoyed  in  the  vicinity.  The  dense 
forest,  the  abundance  and  variety  of 
game,  and  the  repose  of  the  wilderness 
appe.'led  more  strongly  to  the  men  of 
that  day  than  to  those  of  the  present 
time.  We  can  easily  imagine  the  sense 
of  freedom  and  invigorated  life  with 
which  the  statesman  and  merchant  of 
'92,  already  familiar  from  boyhood  with 
the  use  of  gun,  boat  and  horse,  would 
hasten  to  the  forest  "  Spring  "  for  a  few 
weeks  of  rest  and  refreshment.  Among 
such  visitors  was  Clovcrnor  John  Tay- 
lor C.ilman,  of  New  Hampshire,  who  had 
been  a  delegate  to  the  Continental  Con- 
gress. "  On  a  sunny  afternoon  he  took 
his  gun  and  wandered  from  the  High 
Rock  up  the  creek  into  the  deep  woods 
in  search  of  game.  Coming  to  a  little 
waterfall  he  found  at  the  foot  of  it  a  small 
jet  of  sparkling  water,  issuing  from  the 
rocky  bank  of  the  stream  ;  stooping  down 
to  drink  he  found  this  little  sparkling  jet, 
no  bigger  than  a  pipe  stem,  to  be  miner- 
al water.  He  hastened  back  to  his 
boarding  place  and  made  known  his 
discovery.  Every  person  in  the  settle- 
ment was  soon  at  the  foot  of  that  cas- 
cade in  the  deep,  wild  woods,  wondering 
at  the  curious  spectacle.  You  could  al- 
most count  them  all  on  your  fingers. 
There  was  Risley,  proprietor  of  one  of 
the  log  houses,  and  his  family,  and  Bry- 
ant, the  patriot  scout  of  the  revolution, 
who  owned  the  other  one.  There  were 
also    General    Schuyler,    Dr.    Blakesley, 


Gideon  Putnam,  a  brother  of  Governor 
Gilm.in,  with  a  few  more  guests  •  the 
log  taverns.  There,  too,  was  Indian 
Joe,  from  his  "  clearing"  on  the  hill, 
where  the  Clarendon  now  stands,  and 
some  of  his  swarthy  brethren  from  their 
huts  near  the  High  Roc  k,  wondering  at 
the  strange  commotion  among  the  pale 
faces  at  the  little  waterfall  in  the  brook. 

They  all,  gathering  around  it,  each  in 
turn  tasted  the  water  of  the  newly  found 
fountain.  They  pronounced  it  of  su- 
perior quality,  and  they  named  it  then 
and  there  the  Congress  Spring,  to  com- 
pliment its  distinguished  discoverer,  and 
in  honor  of  the  old  Continental  Congress, 
of  which  he  had  been  a  member." 

Such  was  the  beginning  of  the  reputa- 
tion of  the  great  spring,  which  has  been 
and  must  continue  to  be  a  living  foun- 
tain of  joy  to  Saratoga — her  treasure 
and  her  pride — her  Kohinoor  !  How 
pure,  how  concentrated  and  how*  firmly 
fixed  must  the  elements  be  that  compose 
this  generous  fountain  of  health,  nestling 
as  it  does  in  the  very  midst  of  a  bed  of 
fresh,  pure  waters.  The  ampitheatre- 
like  knolls  around  it  are  bursting  forth 
and  brimming  over,  by  nature,  at  every 
crevice  with  great  jets  of  fresh  water. 
Before  improvements  were  begun  these 
waters  permeated  the  marshy  basin  be- 
neath, which,  though  dense  with  vege- 
tation, still  held  them  caressingly,  and 
only  reluctlantly  allowed  them  to  flow  off 
in  a  little  stream  through  the  valley. 

In  1804  the  Spring  was  found  insuffi- 
cient for  the  demands  made  upon  it. 
Gideon  Putnam,  who  then  owned  it, 
thought  he  saw  indications  of  gas  in  the 
creek  some  distance  from  the  spring, 
which    he    deemed   might    indicate   its 


'■-''I 


\i^- 


84 


visitors'  guii>e 


I; 


original  sourre.     He  turned   the   bed  of 
the  creek  and  found  lus  sui)i.()sitK)n  cor- 
recf    a    large    stream    flowed   from   this 
place      ]Ie  immediately    sunk   a  strong 
wooden  tube,  which  secured  it  for  forty 
years   and  it  has  seldom  needed   repair- 
ing     A  similar  tube  now  holds  the  sprmg, 
and  has  been   undisturbed  since    1865; 
but  what  marvelous  changes  have  taken 
place  around  it!    Yet  with  alKhe  d>ggmg 
and  filling  up,  the  draining,  the  garden- 
ing, and  the  building  that   has  been   in 
progress  about  it,  the  spring  has  remam- 
ed   unmolested,  performing   its   wonted 
functions  steadily  and   uninterruptedly. 
Like  a   pure   and   beautiful    woman   of 
some  untutored  race,  this  lovely  spring  is 
a  perfect  work  of  nature,  and  as  protect- 
ing drapery  and  artistic  adornments  en- 
hance the  charms  of  a  sylvan  beauty,  so 
do  the  luxurious  comforts  and  ornametal 
accompaniments     that     have     recently 
been  so  lavishly  supplied  to  this  gem  of 
nature,  increase  its  attractiveness. 

While  we  sit  under  the  s])reading  trees 
or   graceful  colonnade  of  the  I'ark,  our 
eyes    are    rested    by    its    velvety    turf, 
and  our  thoughts    are   made   active  by 
suggestions    of    the    virgin    wilderness, 
which  are  aroused  by  two  lofty,  pictur- 
es<iue  pines,  which  seem  to  long  to  tell 
us    stories    of    the    past,    as    they    sway 
threateningly  over  the  very  towers   and 
steeples    of    the    modern    village.      Ihe 
memory -haunted    deer    in  their    quaint 
enclosure    bound     hopefully,   now    and 
then,  towards  the  old  trees,  but  repulsed, 
turn   gently  back  to   their  small   limits, 
like    ambitious    souls,    checked    by    the 
rounds  of  daily  duty.     Our  emotions  are 
stirred  by  the  strains  of  classic  music,  or 
rendered  joyous  by  lightly  tripping  meas- 


ures that  incite  the  crowds  of  happy 
children  to  still  greater  glee,  or  please 
the  world-worn  old  gentlemen,  whose 
tastes  are  best  gratified  by  old-fashioned 
melodies.  And  while  we  sit  here  idly,  it 
is  not  amiss  to  recall  the  outlay  of  taste, 
skill  and  money  that  has  been  retpiired 
to  give  such  comfort  and  pleasure  to  the 
thousands   who  frequent   this  deliglitful 

spot. 

The    latest    improvements    have    de- 
manded an  outlay  of  over  one  hundred 
thousand  dollars.     The  beautiful  build- 
ings, the   lake,  the   walks,   the   elegant, 
Delmonico-like  service  at  the  Spring  are 
palpable  facts,  that    "he   who   [drinks] 
may  read; "  but  how  few  think   of  the 
invisible  network  of  pipes,  5,581   feet  in 
extent,  that  drain  this  natural  basin,  with 
their  many  hidden  wells  for  constant  in- 
spection; of  the  20,000  loads  of  "filling 
in  ••    and  eight   acres  of  sod   that   have 
lifted  and  formed  the  firm  turf;  or  how 
few   know,  when   they  drink    from   the 
ornamental  fountain  of  fresh  water,  that 
its  source  is  in  a  natural  spring  a  few  feet 
from   them,    and    that    another   spring, 
which   will    throw   a   jet  as   large   as   a 
man's  arm,   produces  the  pleasant  gurg- 
ling sound,  that  may  be  heard  between 
the  lake  and  the  colonnade;  or  that  many 
of  these  springs  are  skillfully  utilized  m 
the  Park  and  the  bottling  house. 

The  improved  method  of  bottling  the 
Congress  water  has  greatly  increased  its 
value,  as  will  be  readily  recognized  by 
those  familiar  with  it  in  the  past,  or  by 
any  one  who  will  look  through  the  bot- 
tles at  the  transparent,  sparkling  fluid. 
Although  the  best  known  processes  were 
used  for  bottling,  they  all  involved  the 
loss   of   some    of   the    gases   by   pump- 


t"  happ5' 
If  please 
,  whose 
ashioncd 
e  idly,  it 
of  taste, 
retiuired 
ire  to  the 
leliglUful 

lave    de- 
hundred 
"ill  biiild- 
:    elegant, 
Ipring  are 
[drinks] 
ik    of  the 
?i   feet  in 
)asin,  with 
)nstant  in- 
:)f  "filling 
that   have 
rf ;  or  how 
from   the 
water,  that 
;  a  few  feet 
ler   spring, 
large   as   a 
isant  gurg- 
d  between 
r  that  many 
'  utilized  in 
ise. 

bottling  the 
ncreased  its 
ognized  by 
past,  or  by 
igh  the  bot- 
rkling  fluid, 
jcesses  were 
nvolved  the 
;  by  pump- 


VISITCIRS'   cuinE 


85 


mg  or  otherwise  disturbing  tlie  water. 
Tlic  l)<)ttling  is  now  done  several  feel  be- 
low the  surface  of  tlie  ground,  where  tiic 
water  runs  naturally  from  the  spring. 

Strangers  will  find  the  bottling  house 
an  excx-edingly  interesting  pldce  to  visit. 
It  is  on  Congress  street,  oi)posite  tin; 
spring. 

CoLUMi.iAN  Si'RiNd.  This  is  a  tonic 
spring,  and  many  patients,  who  are  suffer- 
ing from  general  debility,  are  sent  by  tiieir 
physicians  to  Saratoga  to  obtain  the  bene- 
fit of  this  water.  The  sjjring  is  located  in 
Congress  Spring  Park,  and  is  accessiiile 
from  Broadway,  through  an  ornamental 
gateway,  that  merely  suggests  privacy, 
without  restricting  in  any  degree  a  free  ac- 
cess to  the  spring.  There  is  no  charge  for 
admission  to  this  spring;  neither  is  there 
to  Congress  Spring,  as  that  water  may 
be  obtained  from  the  open  entrance  on 
Congress  street.  The  small  fee  required 
for  admission  to  the  Park  secures  to  vis- 
itors the  additional  comfort,  so  long 
needed,  of  chairs  about  the  spring  and 
Park;  many  other  lu.xuries  have  been 
added,  which  more  than  compensate  for 
this  slight  fee. 

It  was  thought  for  many  years  that  the 
water  of  the  Columbian  Spring  was  too 
strongly  impregnated  with  iron  to  be  bot- 
tled with  advantage;  but  all  difficulties 
have  been  overcome,  and  it  is  now  bot- 
tled in  large  quantities. 

Excelsior  Spring  and  Park.  This 
spring,  with  its  surrounding  park,  is 
about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  north- 
east of  the  village.  The  park  embraces 
that  beautiful  jjortion  of  Saratoga  Springs 
which  was  known  for  many  years  as  "  The 
Valley  of  the  Ten  Springs,"  with  the 
table  land  lying  on  either  side  of  this 
Valley.      The    high    ground    command.j 


fine  views  of  the  mountains  of  \'er- 
mont  and  of  those  annind  Lake  (ieorge. 
The  fine,  natural  forest  of  the  park 
affords  the  most  delightful  rambles, 
with  some  beautiful  woodland  views. 
This  is  i)re-ein;.iently  "  the  walk"  outside 
of  the  village,  and  '.-an  be  made  long  or 
short  ac  cording  to  the  path  chosen.  To 
the  residents  of  Saratoga  Sjjrings  the 
very  name  "Excelsior  Woods"  suggests 
remembrances  of  a  first  release  from  the 
winter  bondage  of  snow  and  ice,  when 
they  hasten  out  in  search  of  early  spring 
(lowers,  or  of  gorgeous  October  days, 
when  they  wander  under  the  great  trees 
to  gather  the  ruddy-tinted  leaves  and 
delicate  ferns  that  may  bring  a  breath  of 
the  forest  into  the  winter  seclusion  of 
home  life.  To  how  many  are  these  ram- 
bles fraught  with  memories  of  tender 
words  and  unregretted  sighs?  their  un- 
expected wildness  and  seeming  remot- 
ness  from  the  gay  village  near  by,  ren- 
dering them  the  very  home  of  romance 
and  of  hope.  The  practical  pedestrian  will 
perhaps  remember  better  the  draught  of 
delicious  spring  water  at  the  terminus  of 
the  walk,  the  sites  for  summer  villas 
laid  out  by  Mie  enterprising  proprietor, 
or  an  inspection  of  the  well-kept  ma- 
chinery of  the  Holly  System  at  the 
Water  Works  near  at  hand  ;  or  a  rest  on 
the  shaded  lawn  of  the  Mansion  House, 
near  the  spring. 

The  Excelsior  Spring  is  remark- 
able for  its  crystaline  purity,  its  min- 
eral substances  being  held  in  such  per- 
fect solution  that  "seeing  is  [not]  be- 
lieving," but  one  must  taste  the  water  to 
receive  assurance  that  the  long  list  of 
chemicals — sodium,  lime,  magnesia,  iron, 
&c.,  are  really  within  its  transparency. 
This,  the  most   important  of  the   "Ten 


li 


r; 

i    ! 


^;  J'-!33!S.'<raBllft'5'3!«)r'!B3i',---- ,- .,  .^iSrJSaSJ'iaE'^iJ.SW <?9j."I'.^ 


I 


86 


VlSiroKS'    Cl'IDK 


Si)rings,"  was  retiibcd  with  great  rare  in 
1859.  The  excavalKin  was  made  to  the 
"Trenton  lime  ro(  k,  wliere  the  mineral 
water  from  live  dillrrent  points  llowed 
into  tin-  well." 

The  Lxcelsior  only  nci    s  to  he  known 
to  be  ajjpreciated.     The  water  is  spark 
lint;  and  delightfid  to  the  taste,  its  me- 
dic inal  effects  are  active  and  its  surround- 
ings   charming.     It    is    bottled    without 
sediment,    and   any    visitor    who    enjoys 
getting  at  the  "bottom  facts"  of  things, 
and    all    those    who   recognize  scientihc 
Ihorougimess  and  honorable  earnestness,'' 
\vill    do    well    to    inspect  the  ways   and 
means  used  in  bottling  at  this  spring  by 
the  Messrs.  l.awrencc,  Brothers.     These 
gentlemen  were  the  first  to  devise  and 
put  into  effect  the  new  method  of  bot- 
tling—carrying   this    work     l)'^low     the 
surface  of  the  ground,  on  a   level   with 
the  spring,    and  thus    leaving    its    gases 
undisturbed,     instead    of     forcing     the 
water  of   the  spring  up.  for  the  conve- 
nience  of  the   work.       They  have   also 
invented   a   new    process   of    supplying 
spring  water  on  draught,  by  which  it  can 
be  drawn  from  the  fountain  ui  the  drug- 
gist, pure  and  unadulterated,  as  it  c:'me 
fron^  the  spring.     Heretofore,  even  when 
the  genuine  water  was  supplied  by  such 
fountains,   it    was   found    necessary    to 
charge  it  v/ith  artificial  gases.     To  avoid 
this  objectionable  fcnture,  has  been   an 
object  of  much  thought  and  many  ex- 
jjeriments.     Mr.  Lawrence  has  succeeded 
in  obviating  this  difficulty  by  means  of 
block-tin-lined   reservoirs,  filled  by  hy- 
drostatic pressure,    and    perfectly    gas- 
tight.      These  reservoirs  or  barrels  are 
made  on  the  premises  at  the  Excelsior, 
and  are  shipped  to  druggists,  under  spe- 


cial contract  that  no  artificial  gas  or 
other  substance  shall  be  mixed  with  the 
water.  A  simple  mechanism  enables  the 
druggist  to  attach  the  reservoir  t<.  the 
fountain;  and  when  the  water  is  ex- 
hausted, the  reservoir  is  returned  to  the 
spring,  to  be  refilled.  This  is  an  im- 
provement in  the  use  of  mineral  ^^ters 
that  will  be  highly  esteemed  by  the  pub- 
lic as  soon  as  it  is  generally  under- 
stood. 

Empire  Si-ring.     This  is  one  of  the 
noted  springs  of  the  i)lace,  and  is  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  village,  just   in  the 
depth  of  the  valley;  behind  it  is  a  bold 
face  of  limestone  formation.  The  water  of 
this    valuable  mineral    spring    had  been 
noted  long  before  any  attempt  was  made 
to    utilize   it.     About   thirty   years    ago, 
ht)wever,  it  was  provided  with  a  tube,  so 
that  the  waters  that  had  hjcn  trickling 
away  uselessly  for  ages  might  be  secured 
Since  then  it  has  been  used  on  the  spot 
by    thousands,    and   is  bottled    in    large 
(piantities.     It   vies   with    the   Congress 
Spring  in  its  (jualities,  which  it  resembles 
in  some  respects,  but  for  other  properties 
its  admirers  claim  a  superiority. 

Washincton  Sprino.  The  peculiar 
virtue  of  this  spring  is  its  tonic  prop- 
erty. Its  waters  are  largely  impregnated 
with  iron  and  with  carbonic  acid  gas,  that 
render  it  pleasantly  exhilarating.  This 
spring  is  situated  on  the  west  side  of 
Broadway,  opposite  Congress  Park. 

Red  Spring.  This  spring  is  in  close 
vicmity  to  the  Empire  Spring.  It  has 
acquired  some  reputation  for  beneficial 
results  as  an  external  wash.  The  water 
is  seldom  used  as  a  beverage.  Scientific 
men  have  not  detected  by  analysis  of  the 
water  the  material  agent  that  would  ac- 


gas  or 
,ith  the 
bles  the 

ti,    the 

is  cx- 
1   lo  the; 

■AW  im- 
1  \0!ttt'rs 
he  puh- 

iinder- 

,e  ot  the 
is  in  the 

;t   in  the 
s  a  bold 
:  water  of 
Kid  been 
vas  made 
;ars    ago, 
I  tube,  so 
trickling 
:  secured 
the  spot 
in   large 
Congress 
•esenibles 
properties 

peculiar 
nic  prop- 
pregnated 
i  gas,  that 
ng.  This 
St  side  of 
'ark. 

is  in  close 

T.     It   has 

beneficial 

rhe  water 

Scientific 
lysis  of  the 
would  ac- 


VISITORS    C.I'IIiK 


«; 


count  for  the  <  urativc  properties  claimed 
for  it.  Still,  either  fact  or  fancy  gives  it 
a  favor. 

C'lKVSKR  Si'oi'iiNc;  Si'RiNc.  ( >u  the 
way  to  Hallston,  about  a  mile  and  a  half 
from  the  village,  one  of  the  most  reuKirk- 
able  mineral  springs  issuing  from  the  lab- 
oratory of  (  hemical  compounds  that 
makes  Saratoga's  celebrity,  may  be  found. 
This  is  the  Oeyser  Spring,  which  was 
discovered  only  at  the  beginning  of  the 
present  decade.  A  shaft  of  1 40  feet  deep 
was  sunk  below  the  surface  rock,  and 
when  the  spring  was  reached,  instantan- 
eously its  waters  spouted  with  unrestrain- 
ed force  high  up  in  the  air.  With  una- 
bated vigor  the  fountain  still  plies  its 
action.  The  water  is  thrown  to  the  height 
of  twenty-five  feet.  It  has  acquired 
great  popularity,  and  may  be  found 
for  sale  extensively  throughout  the 
Union. 

Champion  Spring.  This  is  a  beauti- 
ful spouting  spring  near  the  Ceyser;  it  is 
uncovered,  and  may  be  easily  seen  from 
passing  trains  on  the  railroad,  throwing 
its  sparkling  jets  into  the  air  during  the 
summer,  or  stealing  silently  over  its 
gorgeous  surroundings  of  ice-bound  spray 
during  the  winter;  at  this  season  it  is  a 
rare  and  beautiful  sight,  with  its  tent-like 
pyramid  of  frozen  waters,  colored  a  rich 
brown  from  the  mineral  deposit. 

Vichy  Spring.  This  is  also  a  spout- 
ing spring,  near  the  shore  of  the  Geyser 
Lake,  of  admirable  mineral  properties, 
and  is  rapidly  gaining  favor  with  the  i)ub- 
lic.  It  is  on  draught  by  all  best  drug- 
gists in  New  York  city,  and  in  good  de- 
mand; it  is  extensively  bottled. 

Triton  Spring.     This  is  another  of 


the  spDUting  springs,  and  is  situateil  on 
the  opposite  side  of  (leyser  I  ,ake  from  the 
N'ichy;  it  also  has  gooil  mineral  proper- 
ties. 

1'av  11.11  IN  Spri.nc  AM)  I'm  riD  S  ia  iks 
Si'KiNG.  A  stranger  might  inadvertantly 
pass  by  the  place  of  these  two  springs, 
from  the  secluded  locality  in  which  they 
are  hidden  in  a  valley,  a  few  feet  from 
liroadway,  off  Spring  Avenue,  did  not  a 
guiding  sign  ilirec  t  his  steps  to  the  Pavil- 
ion Spring  and  Park.  Although  dwell- 
ing under  a  common  ronf,  these  two 
s|  give  expression   to  their  distinct 

oi  .^  lis,  for  they  differ  very  much  in  their 
properties.  A  bottling  establishment  is 
connected  with  these  springs. 

Hamh-Ton  Si'RiNi;  is  on  Spring  street, 
at  the  corner  of  I'utnam  street,  in  the 
rear  of  Congress  Hall.  It  has  valuable 
jiroperties  common  to  others.  It  is  cur- 
iously said  that,  "persons  suffering  from 
'a  cold'  should  not  drink  this  water." 
'I'he  visitor  desirous  of  learning  the  fit- 
ness of  things,  may  find  entertaining  oc- 
cupation in  seeking  a  good  reason  for 
this  caution. 

White  Sulphur  Spring.  I'^ollowing 
out  Lake  Avenue  to  about  a  mile  east 
from  Broadway,  the  tourist  will  discover 
the  \Vhite  Sulphur  Spring.  The  clear, 
bright  waters  emitted  from  this  spring 
lay  claim  to  all  the  merits  vaunted  for 
sulphur  springs  anywhere  in  the  land. 
Stages  run  hourly  between  the  White 
Sulphur  Spring  and  the  village,  furnish- 
ing comfortable  conveyance  to  all  who 
desire  to  experience  the  benefits  of  the 
sulphureted  water,  whether  taken  in- 
ternally as  a  beverage,  or  used  as  a  bath; 
for  the  purposes  of  the  latter  a  commodi- 


;  I 


^  • 


^'t>?;BiSgsfe».j?^<«'ii<'!esir'.'3i»i.. ^•v.^-*!7f:!-K»;~'-;"-.--TO.vae'r  - 


I 


88 


visrioKs'  CUIDE 


.ms  bath  house  with  all  (unvcnirnrc  of 
rooms  for  hot  and  cold  sulphur  luths  is 
sMpi.linl.  The  Rureka  ^\>un^  is  "i^^-'r 
the  White  Sulphur. 

Haihokn    Si'KiNf..       'I'his   spring    is 
situated  on    Spring  street,   a   iVw    steps 
troni  Uroadway.     It  was  discovered  ac  ( i- 
dentally  in  1869,  and  .arefully  tubed  in 
1S7-'.      It  1-as   actpiired   a  sudden  popu- 
larity, and  ■    l.!)ttled  in  large  ((uantities. 
It  is  strongly  cathartic,  and  is  said  to  be 
used  with  good  effed   i..  «  ises  of  rheu- 
matism,    ll  contains  valuable  properties, 
and  its  recent  discovery  is  .1  i)roof  of  the 
unfailing  sour,  e  of    Saratoga's  treasure 
house  of  mineral  waters. 

SiAK  Si'KiN<;.  This  spring  has  been 
wedded  to  the  interests  of  dilferent  own- 
ers, who  have  manifest.  .1  their  favor  for 
it  with  various  names.  Within  the  fifty 
years  that  its  remedial  virtues  have  been 
appropriated,  it  has  been  called  the  I'res 
idi-nt,  the  Iodine,  and  last,  the  Mar  Spring, 

It  was  tubed  in  1835.  ''•'''l  ^'"'"'"^  ^''"' '    , 
ten  or  twelve  years  has  risen  in  public  ■  ,<  1 

mation. 

Putnam  Spkinc;.  I'his  spring  •■.near 
Henry  street,  and  has  a  bat'  mg  establish- 
ment connected  with  it,  for  the  external 
use  of  the  waters. 

Ski.tzer  Sprinc.  This  spring  is  near 
the  High  Rock  Spring,  and  its  proper- 
ties are  similar  to  the  famous  German 
"  Seltzer." 

Saratoc.a  a.  This  spring  is  above 
the  Empire  on  Spring  street.  It  is  a  de- 
licious beverage,  clear  and  cold,  and  a 
valuable  mineral  sjjring. 

Macinktic  Spring.  This  is  a  newly 
discovered  spring  near  the  High  Rock, 
and  it  has  some  peculiar  properties. 


A    IKW   IM.KAS.XNT  WALKS 

(See    map    of  the    village    of    Saratoga 
Springs.) 

I.  The  length  of  Mroadw.iy  north  and 
south,  as  far  as  the  shade  trees  extend, 
including  a  visit  to  CoNciKi-ss  I'AUK.orthe 
iNi.iAN  Camp,  ::  u'  l'i,i.Asuur,  (1i«.vk, 
near  South  Uroadway. 

II.  WoodLwvn.    l-'rom  North  Broad- 
way tun.  into  C.reenfu'ld  Avenue,  oppo- 
site Rock  street,  and  thence  into  Wood 
Lawn  Avenue,  which   le.ids  direct  to  the 
Wood   Lawn  estate.      I'rom  the  slope  m 
front  of  the  house  there  is  a  fine  view  of 
t>,e  surrounding  mountains  and  the  dis- 
tant peaks  of  '-i>  '  Catskills.     The  woods 
behind    the  hoi^e   are   full  of    chestnut 
trees,  ferns  and  wild  llowers.     Return  by 
the  Hryan  Houlevard,  which  sweeps  past 
the    fnmt   of    W'ood     Lawn   into    up|)er 

Broadway. 

HI.  .\  stroll  through  ('>ri-.k,n  Rukie 
C^ ■■•;'. n'.RV,  along  Circular  street  as  far 
as  :.ie  Empire  Spring,  and  a  short  dis- 
tanceout  Spring  Avcnueto the  RedSpring. 

IV.  ExcKi.sioR  Woods.  From  Cir- 
cular street,  where  it  begins  to  wind  down 
the  hill,  to  the  Empire  Spring,  turn  up 
York  Avenue,  which  leads  directly  to  the 
woods,  through  which  a  delightful,  shady 
path  winds  down  to  the  Excelsior,  Union 
and  Minnehaha  Springs. 

Another  way  of  reaching  Excelsior 
Woods  is  to  walk  out  Lake  Avenue,  and 
turn  to  the  left  at  East  Avenue. 

V.  Each  of  the  mineral  springs  in 
the  village  should  be  visited  in  turn,  be- 
sides which  there  are  many  quiet,  shady 
streets  of  residences  both  east  and  west 
of  Broadway,  which  the  pedestrian 
stranger  will  enjoy  hunting  up  at  leisure. 


^^■»«»- 


IV 


,I.KS 
Saratoga 

north  and 
IS  fxtcnd, 
LKK.or  llio 

I      CiKOVK, 

rtli  liroad- 
uic,  oppo- 
nto  Wood 
rect  to  llie 
ic  slope  in 
IK"  view  of 
id  tlic  dis- 
I'lic  woods 
f    chestnut 
Return  by 
iweeps  past 
into    upi)er 

sKN     RllHiE 

reel  as  far 
I  short  dis- 
Red  Spring. 
From  Cir- 
I  wind  down 
ng,  turn  up 
rectly  to  the 
htful,  shady 
Isior,  Union 

g  Excelsior 
\venue,  and 
uie. 

springs  in 
,  in  turn,  be- 
quiet,  shady 
ast  and  west 
:  pedestrian 
up  at  leisure. 


fell  wji^^.f^^'^:^';  '^''^=^??3S"^  ~;m:mf'i  '• 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


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WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


% 


^^frciiosTa 


— ,^^- 


visitors'  guide 


89 


SHORT  DRIVES   FROM    SARATO- 

SPRINGS. 
(See  Map  of  Drives  in  the  Vicinity  of 
Saratoga  Springs.) 
Omnibuses  run  from  Broadway  to  Sar- 
atoga Lake,  to  the  White  Sulphur  Spring 
at  the  south  end  of  the  lake,  to  Glen 
Mitchell,  the  Geyser  and  other  spouting 
springs,  Excelsior  and  Ten  Springs,  Eu- 
reka and  White  Sulphur  Springs.  Omni- 
buses may  be  chartered  for  pleasure  par- 
ties from  R.  L.  Skarrit.  See  cards  at 
hotel  offices. 

Light  Vehicles,  suitable  for  country 
excursions,  and  luxurious  carriages  are 
advantageously  obtaii»ed  at  the  United 
States  Livery  and  at  the  Congress  Hall 
Livery. 

To  Saratoga  Lake  (four  miles  south- 
east).    This  is  the  fashionable  drive  from 
Saratoga  Springs.     The  principal  road  is 
Union  Avenue,  which  is  an  extension  of 
Congress  street.     It  is  a  broad  boulaiard 
with  a  double  row  of  trees  in  the  center, 
and  is  kept  sprinkled  along  its  entire  ex- 
tent during  the     season."     It  passes  the 
race  course,  and  leads  directly  to  Moon's 
Lake   House,    and   the    Brigg's   House, 
where  the  famous  "Saratoga  Lake  po- 
tatoes "  are  ordered  with  ice  cream  and 
refreshing  drinks.      A  pleasant  feature 
of  the  drive  is  the  contrast  between  the 
repose  and  beauty  of  the  distant  Green 
Mountains,  and  the  excitement  and  in- 
terest of  watching  the  quick  succession 
of    brilliant   equipages   that   dash   past. 
Lake  avenue,  another  road  to  the  lake, 
leaves  Broadway  at  the  Town  Hall  and 
forks  off  at  the  old   Half  Way   House 
(now  called  Freeman's  Hotel),  the  right 
hand  road  running  into  Union  Avenue 
and   thence   to   the  Lake  House.    The 


drive  back  from  the  lake  may  be  varied 
by  continuing  along  the  lake  shore  from 
Moon's  through  Frank  Leslie's  orna- 
mental grounds,  and  taking  the  south 
road  to  the  village  (the  first  turn  to  the 
right).  This  road  winds  past  romantic 
little  Lake  Lonely  and  crosses  its  outlet 
at  the  Red  Bridge.  The  village  is  reach- 
ed either  by  turning  into  N-lson  street 
or  South  Broadway. 

To  THE  Geyser  and  Spouting 
Springs.  (One  mile  and  a  half  south- 
west.) By  continuing  the  last  mention- 
ed drive  about  a  mile  further  instead  of 
turning  into  Broadway,  Geyser  Lake  and 
the  Spouting  Springs  are  reached.  But 
the  most  direct  route  there  and  back  is 
by  Ballston  Avenue,  which  leaves  Broad- 
way diagonally,  one  block  south  of  the 
Clarendon  Hotel.  It  passes  near  the 
glass  works,  which  may  be  visited  at  the 
same  time.  From  the  Geyser  a  very 
pretty  road  through  the  woods  leads  to 
Fairview,  Professor  von  Below's  place, 
formerly  the  residence  of  Professor 
Youmans. 

Glen  Mitchell  Hotel  and  Rack 
Course.  (One  mile  and  a  half  north.) 
North  Broadway  leads  direct  to  Glen 
Mitchell.  This  is  a  beautiful  as  well  as 
fashionable  drive.  Maple  Avenue  makes 
a  charming  return  drive.  The  High  Rock 
and  Empire  Springs  may  be  visited  before 
turning  again  into  the  great  thorough- 
fares. 

Loughberry  Lake  Drite  (three 
miles)  and  the  Excelsior  (one  mile 
northeast).  After  driving  to  Glen  Mit- 
chell those  who  would  enjoy  a  quiet,  pic- 
turesque drive  of  a  few  miles  should  turn 
to  the  right,  pass  Maple  Avenue  and  drive 
on  round  the  shore  of  Loughberry  Lake, 


90 


visitors'  guide 


turn  into  Spring  Avenue,  which  passes 
the  water  works  and  gas  works,  or  drive 
through  Excelsior  Park,  the  Ten  Spring 
Valley— stop  at  the  Excelsior  for  a  cool, 
sparkling  drink,  and  then  back  by  Lake 

Avenue. 

To  THE  Poplar  Tree  on  Prospect 
Ridge.     (About  five  miles  northwest.) 
If  not  the  finest   of  all  this  is  certainly 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  drives  within 
a  convenient    distance   of   the    village, 
though  it  is  not  so  well  known  as  those 
hitherto   described.     The    moment    the 
open  country  is  reached  the  scenery  is 
charming.     The    Kayaderosseras   range 
of  mountains  is  seen  to  the  west,  while 
along  the  northern  horizon  runs  an  un- 
broken   ridge    of    the    Greenfield   hills 
(designated  on    the   map   as    Prosp  ot 
Ridge),  on  the  crest  of  which  a  solitary 
poplar    tree     stands     out     prominently 
against  the  sky.     This  tree  is  the  object 
toward    which    the    drive    is  directed. 
When   the   road  begins  to  ascend  the 
ridge,  the  views  constantly  increasing  in 
scope  and  beauty,  it  is  lost  sight  of  and 
next  appears  when  it  is  only  a  short  dis- 
tance in  front.     The  Poplar  should  be 
reached,  if  possible,  just  at  sunset,  when 
the  whole  scene  is  enchanting.     But  to 
return    to     more    practical     directions. 
From  Broadway  turn  into  Van  Dam  or 
Church  streets,  either  of   which  leads 
into  Waring  Avenue,  a  broad,  even  road. 
At  the  first  cross  road  after  leaving  the 
village  (Granger's  Four  Corners)  turn  to 
the  right.     In  a  short  distance  the  road 
divides,  but  follow  the  left  hand  road, 
and  passing  -hrough  Locust  Grove  Cor- 
ners, do  not  turn  until   the  Adirondack 
Railroad  is  crossed.     Here  the  road  rises 
rapidly  over  several  hills  near  Darrow's 


farm,  from  each  of  which  the  view  is  very 
fine.     Saratoga  Lake  and  Snake  Hill  are 
plainly  discernable.     When  visitors  ask 
to  go  to  Prospect  Hill  they  are  frequent- 
ly  brought   here.     (The  real-  Prospect 
Hill  is  designated  on  the  map  of  Drives 
as   Haggerty   Hill,   which    is    its    local 
name.)     The  entire  drive  to  the  Poplar, 
as  here   given,  is   over  a  good,   smooth 
road.     After  leaving  Darrow's  take  the 
first  turn  to  the  right,  and  the  solitary 
poplar  will  soon  appear.     The  view  from 
the  carriage  is  good,  but  a  walk  across 
the  field  to  the  tree  will  give  abetter  one. 
A  few  rods  east  of  the  Poplar  a  road 
turns  to  the  right,  passes  near  Granite 
Lake,  and  leads  into  the  road  to  Glen 
Mitchell.     It  is  a  little  rougher  than  the 
other,  but  makes  a  beautiful  and  shorter 
return  drive.      Instead  of  going  on  to 
Glen  Mitchell,  a  diagonal   turn  to   the 
right   near    Denton's    brings    one   into 
Greenfield  Avenue. 


LONG    DRIVES 
(On  these  expeditions  it  would  be  well 
to  take  the  Map  of  Drives,  and  by  no- 
ticing the  cross  roads  and  the  forks  the 
roads  are  easily  found.     To  prevent  con- 
fusion, on  so  small  a  map  only  the  most 
important  or  direct  roads  are  given,  the 
others  being  indicated  merely  as  branch- 
ing off  from  them.     Care  has  been  taken 
to  give  the  local  names  of  places  ;  most 
of  the  hills  being  named  after  the  farm- 
ers who  lived  upon  them,  so  that  if  neces- 
sary directions  can  be  asked   at  farm 
houses  along  the   road.     A  field  glass 
should  be  taken  on  drives  or  expeditions 
to  hills  from  which  there   are  distant 
views.) 


4 


r 


iew  is  very 
le  Hill  are 
isitors  ask 
;  frequent- 
•  Prospect 
i  of  Drives 
its    local 
the  Poplar, 
id,   smooth 
's  take  the 
he  solitary 
;  view  from 
,y.\k  across 
better  one. 
liar  a  road 
!ar  Granite 
ad  to  Glen 
er  than  the 
ind  shorter 
oing  on  to 
;urn  to   the 
5    one   into 


ould  be  well 
and  by  no- 
he  forks  the 
prevent  con- 
ily  the  most 
re  given,  the 
y  as  branch- 
s  been  taken 
)laces ;  most 
ter  the  farm- 
that  if  neces- 
ked   at  farm 
I  field   glass 
r  expeditions 
are  distant 


visitors'  guide 


9i 


Mount    McGregor.      (Eight    miles 
north.)     Drive  out   to    Glen    Mitchell, 
turn  to  the  right,  then  take  the  first  road 
to    the    left  (opposite    Maple   avenue). 
From  here  the  road  follows  the  eastern 
base  of  the  Pnhnertown  Range,  to  which 
Mount  McGregor  belongs,    and   which 
extends   from   Glen   Mitchell    to   Lake 
George  ;  at  the  first  fork  in   the  road 
keep  to  the  left,  at   the   second   fco  the 
right,  and  drive  on  to  Doe's    Corners. 
Here  a  winding,  well-graded  road  leads 
up    the   Mount  to  McGregor's    Hotel, 
where  a  lunch  or  dinner  can  be  obtain- 
ed,   and   near   which   is   the   Look-Off. 
When  it  can  be  said  that  the  view  from 
this  point,  though  on  a  smaller  scale,  is 
similar  to  the  one   from   the   Mountain 
House  on  the  Catskills,  no  one  will  doubt 
that  it  is  well  worth  seeing.     Besides  the 
ranges  of  mountains  that  skirt  the  hori- 
zon, which  sweeps  around  in  a  vast  semi- 
circle— Glens  Falls,  Fort  Edward,  Sandy 
Hill,  Schuylerville,  Saratoga  village  and 
lake,  and  Willard's  Mountain,  overlook- 
ing the  Battle  Ground,  are  plainly  dis- 
cernable,    while     Bennington     lies     off 
among  the  hills  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Hudson.     To  one  who  has  already  vis- 
ited or  intends  to  visit  the  historic  spots 
in  this  region,  there  is  an  especial  inter- 
est in  thus  seeing  at  a  glance  the  great 
theatre  of  the  many  and  brilliant  mili- 
tary   movements    of   Burgoyne's    cam- 
paign— his  marches,  his  defeats,  his  sur- 
render. 

The  Greenfield  Hills — Prospect 
Ridge.  (Round  trip  about  eighteen 
miles  northwest.)  Drive  out  Waring 
avenue,  pass  Granger's  Four  Corners 
without  turning  either  to  the  right  or 
left,  and  then  take  the  first  road  to  the 


left,  near  a  school  house,  to  reach  HiCK- 
ock's  Hill.      This  road   is  steep,  and 
winds  over  some  slippery  rocks,  making 
it  a  dangerous  place  for  horses.    It  would 
be  well  to  ascend  the  hill  on  foot.     The 
view  is  best  seen  from  the  front  of  New- 
ell's  cottage.     Widow  Smith's  Hill  is 
reached  either  by  continuing  on  past 
Hickock's  house  and  taking  the  first  road 
to  the  left,  or  by  returning  to  the  school 
house  and  driving  through  Splinterville, 
which  is  a  very  small  vt7/e  indeed,  and 
then   turning    to    the    left.     From    the 
Widow  Smith's  drive  on  to  the  first  cross 
road  and  turn  to  the  right  to  reach  Hag- 
gerty  or  Prospect  Hill,  which  is  six 
miles  from  the  village.     Then  drive  on 
through  Greenfield  Centre,  past  the  Pop- 
lar Tree  and  on  to  Eli  Stiles',  from 
whose  place  there  is  another  fine  view. 
Here  there  are  four  corners.     Turn  to 
the  right  and  follow  the  road  along  by 
the  Palmertown  Hills  to  Glen  Mitchell. 
Lake   Desolation.      (About  twelve 
miles  northwest.)     Follow  Greenfield  or 
Waring  avenue  into  the  south  Greenfield 
road,   thence   on  past    Widow    Smith's 
house,  near  which  there  is  a  fine  view,  to 
Jamesville  (or    Middle    Grove).     From 
there  drive  north  and  west  to  Chatfield's 
Corners  and  turn  sharply  to  the  left. 
From  here  to  the  lake  the  road  is  rough 
and  up  hill,  the  scenery  desolate  as  the 
name  of  the  lake  suggests,  and  the  dis- 
tant views  magnificent.     Near  the  Seely 
place,  on  the  way,  there  is  a  watering 
trough,    supplied    from   a  fresh    water 
spring,  remarkable  both  for  its  volume 
and  its  quality. 

White  Sulphur  Spring  Park  and 
Hotel.  (Eight  miles  southwest.)  Drive 
out  to  Saratoga  Lake,  down  the  hill  be- 


ii'iMil  «iiiiii  fi«rinlliiffiiti«riiil)«ii 


99 


visitors'  guide 


hind  Moon's  to  Briggs'  House,  thence 
across  the  bridge  and  along  the  lake 
shore — a  lovely  drive — to  the  far  side  of 
Snake  Hill,  where  the  White  Sulphur 
Spring,  Hotel  and  Park  are  situated. 

Omnibuses  run  regularly  back  and 
forth  between  this  place  and  Saratoga 
Springs.  It  may  also  be  reached  by  driv- 
ing out  Union  avenue,  and  then  travers- 
ing the  lake  in  a  little  steamboat. 

From  the  White  Sulplur  Spring  there  is 
a  road  to  Beniis'  Heights  (see  Map  of 
Drives),  thence  along  the  Hudson  river 
to  Stillwater,  and  on  to  Mechanicsville, 
through  which  the  Rensalaer  and  Sara- 
toga Railroad  passes. 

Ballston.  (Seven  miles  southwest.) 
Round  Lake.  (Twelve  miles  south.) 
To  Ballston  Spa,  which  was  the  fashion- 
able watering  place  before  Saratoga 
eclipsed  her,  is  a  pleasant  drive  of  seven 
miles.  Round  Lake,  the  great  camp 
meeting  ground,  can  be  reached  by  car- 
riage from  the  road  between  Ballston 
and  the  White  Sulphur  Spring  by  turn- 
ing south  through  Dunning's  Corners 
and  Malta.  It  is  only  a  few  minute's 
ride  on  the  cars  from  Saratoga  to  either 
of  these  places. 

Chapman's  Hill  (five  miles  south- 
east), from  which  there  is  a  fine  view,  is 
reached  by  turning  sharply  to  the  left  at 
the  first  road  which  leaves  the  lake  shore 
after  crossing  the  bridge  from  the  Briggs 
House,  and  keeping  straight  up  the  hill 
past  the  Chapman  House. 

Wagman's  Hill  (seven  miles  south- 
east) is  about  three  miles  farther  from  the 
Lake  shore  road.  After  mounting  Chap- 
man's Hill,  turn  to  the  left  at  two  differ- 
ent cross  roads,  and  keep  right  on  till  the 
hill  beyond  the  school-house  is  mounted. 


The  views  are  beautiful  all  the  way  from 
Chapman's  Hill  to  Wagman's,  and  the 
road  passes  through  an  unuGually  fine 
farming  region.  From  Wagman's  Hill  a 
road  to  the  left  leads  to  Stafford's  Bridge, 
and  thence  to  Saratoga  Springs,  either  by 
Moon's  Lake  House  or  the  Schuylerville 
road.  Another  road  from  the  Hill  leads 
direct  to  Schuylerville. 

Waring  Hill  (about  fourteen  miles 
and  a  half  northwest).      "  The  boldest 
and  most  imposing  view,  within  a  conve- 
nient drive  from  the  Springs,  is  Waring 
Hill,  on   the  road  to  Mount  Pleasant, 
one  of  the  highest  points  of  land  be- 
tween the  valley  of  the  Hudson  and  Lake 
Ontario.     This  view  includes  the  villa- 
ges of  Saratoga,  Ballston  Spa,  Schenec- 
tady, Waterford,  Mechanicsville,  Schuy- 
lerville, Saratoga  Lake,  Fish  Creek,  Owl 
Pond,  Ballston  Lake,  and   Round  Lake, 
together  with  the  winding  stream  of  Kay- 
aderosseras,  from  its  source  in  the  sides 
of  the  mountain  to  its  entrance  into  Sar- 
atoga Lake,  and  the  whole  course  of  the 
Hudson,  from  its  confluence  with   the 
Sacondaga  until  it  is  lost  in  the  midst  of 
the  Catskill  Mountains.     This  view  is 
obtained  by  a  drive  up  the  Hadley  Plank 
Road  of  about  eight  miles;  thence  along 
the  Mount  Pleasant  Plank  Road  nearly 
up  to  the  foot  of  Waring  Hill,  six  miles; 
thence  to  the  right  by  a  mountain  road 
for  half  a  mile.      At  this  point  the  car- 
riages are  to  be  left,  and  Waring  Hill,  of 
three  hundred  feet,  is  to  be  ascended  on 
foot.    The  excursion  may  be  made  be- 
tween the  breakfast  and  dinner  hours 
with   great  ease.     A  good  glass  is  im- 
portant, for  many  of  the  villages  are  not 
to  be  seen  distinctly  by  the  naked  eye."* 
Corinth  Falls  (fifteen  miles  north). 


\e  way  from 
I's,  and  the 
UGually  fine 
nan's  Hill  a 
)rd's  Bridge, 
gs,  either  by 
Ichuylerville 
le  Hill  leads 


urteen  miles 
I'he  boldest 
hin  a  conve- 
;s,  is  Waring 
nt  Pleasant, 
of  land  be- 
lon  and  Lake 
les  the  villa- 
pa,  Schenec- 
iville,  Schuy- 
\\  Creek,  Owl 
iound  Lake, 
ream  of  Kay- 

in  the  sides 
mce  into  Sar- 
course  of  the 
ice  with  the 
,  the  midst  of 
This  view  is 
Hadley  Plank 

thence  along 

Road  nearly 
iill,  six  miles; 
lountain  road 
point  the  car- 
i^aring  Hill,  of 
2  ascended  on 
r  be  made  be- 

dinner  hours 
i  glass  is  im- 
illages  are  not 
;  naked  eye."  * 
I  miles  north). 


VISITORS    GUIDE 


93 


''Another  drive  is  Coiinth  Falls  in  the 
Hudson  River,  about  one  mile  from  Jes- 
sup's  Landing.  In  order  to  view  the 
falls  from  the  Luzerne  side,  it  is  neces- 
sary to  cross  the  river  at  the  landing,  and 
drive  to  the  top  of  the  bluff,  which  rises 
one  hundred  feet  above  the  falls,  or  to 
the  bank  of  the  river  below  them."  * 

LuzERNK  (twenty-two  miles  north). 

Gi.ENS  Falls  (nineteen  miles  north- 
east). 


I.AKK  ('iKOR(;e  (about  thirty  miles 
north).  Those  who  have  private  carri- 
ages, or  who  prefer  driving  to  the  regular 
railroad  routes,  can  make  a  pleasant  trip 
to  Luzerne  and  the  Falls  of  the  Hudson 
by  the  old  stage  road.  There  are  several 
roads  to  (Hens  Falls  and  Fort  Edward. 
In  the  autumn,  when  the  woods  are  aglow 
with  color,  a  delightful  trip  can  be  made 
to  (Hens  Falls  by  carriage,  and  thence  to 
the  foot  of  Lake  George. 

♦Dr.  Allen's  Iland-Uook  wf  Saratoga. 


''Ti'-lii%l""f~l"T'''-' ""■**■'"■'"•■""'"' 


T 


GUIDE 


•io 


THE  BATTLE  GROUND  AND  SCHUYLERVILLE 


iiiiii\-\-'imi£A* 


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fe 


'''irnirinriWiffnTi-'**^ 


C.UIDK  TO  Till';   HATTl.K  ('.ROIND 


(Nine  miles  soiitlicast).     Sec  Maj)  of  tlic 

Third  I'l-riod  of  lUirgoyne's  Campaign; 

alsD    Map  of   Drives.) 

The  Hattle  (! round  projier  is  about 
nine  miles  from  Saratoga  Springs;  but 
to  drive  there,  around  and  throuj^li  all 
the  interesting  spcjts  and  back  again, 
makes  a  drive  of  about  twenty -four 
miles.  Taken  leisurely,  it  is  a  delightful 
day's  expedition.  Having  ordered  a 
carriage,  or,  for  a  large  party,  chartered 
an  omnibus,  and  prepared  a  lunch  lo  be 
eaten  at  some  historic  spot — either  in  the 
British  Camp  near  Freeman's  Farm,  at 
Gates'  Headipiarters  near  the  Neilson 
House,  or  at  Wilbur's  Uasin  down  by  the 
river — leave  the  village  at  eight  or  nine 
o'clock  in  the  morning,  expecting  to  re- 
turn at  five  or  si.x  o'clock  in  the  after- 
noon. 

Drive  out  Union  Avenue  to  the  Lake, 
down  the  hill  behind  Moon's  to  the 
Brigg's  House,  cross  the  bridge,  and  fol- 
low the  road  along  the  Lake  shore,  about 
a  mile  and  a  half,  to  Myer's  Cedar  BIufT 
Hotel.  Here  take  the  first  left  hand 
road,  and  drive  up  Caldwell's  Hill,  from 
which  there  is  a  view  similar  to  that  from 
Chapman's  Hill.  Take  the  second  left 
hand  road,  which  turns  off  between  an 
orchard  and  a  little  cemetery,  and  enters 
a  pleasant  wood.  Keep  first  to  the  right 
and  then  to  the  left.  On  emerging  from 
the  woods,  drive  straight  on  past  a  small 
red  school-house,  and  up  Summit  Hill, 
the  highest  point  on  the  drive,  from  which 
there  is  a  splendid  view  in  every  direc- 
tion.    Standing  out  prominently  on  the 


eastern   bank   ol    the  Hudson,   Willard's 
Nb)untain,    frcjui    which    the    Anierii  ans 
looked  into  the  liritish  camp  at  Sword's 
Mouse,  is  seen,  and  remains  in  sight  dur- 
ing the   drive  over  the    llattle   (Iround. 
I'Vom  here   a  <  ross-road    is  passed,  and 
the  road  skirts  a  rounded,  pine-crowiud 
hill,  at  the  foot  of  which  it  turns  shari)ly 
to  the  riglit,  and  reaches  tiie  highway  Ki 
(Quaker  S|)rings.     Here  turn  to  the  riglit 
again  near  the  (Quaker  Meeting   House, 
and  keep  to  the  left  where  the  road  forks. 
From  the  moment   the  Quaker  Meet- 
ing House  is  readied,  one  is  on  historic 
ground.      Frazer's   march   through    the 
woods  to  the  first  fight  was  about  where 
the   road   now   is.     At  a   short  distance 
Hurgoyne's    Hill    (the     Hessian    Caiiiii, 
where  Breyman   was  killed  and  Arnold 
wounded),  a  rounded  eminence,  covered 
with  small  trees,  is  seen  to  the  left.      At 
the  first  cross-road  turn  to  the  left,  and 
the  first  farm  house  on  the  right,  whicii 
is    now    occupied    by    Mr.    Hrightman, 
stands  on  the  old  revolutionary  clearinL; 
of    "Freeman's   Farm,"    around   which 
raged   the   fury  of  both   battles.     Some 
interesting  relics,  dug  up  in  the  neigh- 
borhood, are  shown  here,  and    the  old 
well  is  pointed  out,  for  the  possession  of 
which  the  British  and  American  soldiers 
fought  fiercely  on  the  19th  of  September. 
In  the  woods  just  across  the  road  from 
"  Freeman's    Farm "   is   an   old   graded 
road,  made    by   Burgoyne   to  bring    his 
cannon  across  the  ravine.      Lately  the 
bridge  has  been  rebuilt,  and  now  farm 
wagons  travel  in  the  ruts  of  the  old  can- 


o 

e 


atgiw.i^TilVrii  fim'iiifcii'i'H  ■ '  itrJ* 


,;»i»i^,mii'<'^*i' 


o 


mwii  jwy? 


98 


GL'IDK  TO   THF  BATTI,E   GROUND 


non  wheels.  FromBmguyne's  Hill,  which 
still  retains  faint  traces  of  entrenchments 
and  an  old  road,  and  which  may  be  reach- 
ed by  a  walk  over  the  fields,  one  can  get  a 
good  view  of  the  ravines  in  the  rear  of 
the  British  Camp,  and  the  battle  field  of 
October  7th,  stretching  off  to  the  south 
and  west.     On   Bemis'    Heights,  about 
two  miles  south,   is  seen   the   Neilson 
House,  near  a  poplar  tree.     This  stood 
in  the  American  Camp. 

From  "  Freeman's  Farm,"  drive  on  to 
Wilbur's  Basin  down  by  the  river.    This 
road  fe-ies  through  the  midst  of  what  was 
the  British  Camp  (see  modern  road  on  the 
Map  of  the  Third  Period  of  Burgoyne's 
Campaign),  and  gives  one  an  idea  of  its 
natural  defenses.     Turn  to  the  left  along 
the  river  road,  and  drive  a  few  rods  in 
front  of  a  succession  of  high  mounds. 
It  was  here  that  the  British  were  crowded 
together  just  before  they  began  their  re- 
treat up  the  river.     On  the  second  mound 
north  of  Wilbur's  Basin  stood  the  great 
redoubt  in   which   Frazer  was  buried. 
At  the  base  of  the  fourth  mound  is  the 
site  of  the  house  in  which  he  died,  occu- 
pied at  the  time  by  Madam  Riedesel, 
and  from  which  she  witnessed  his  funeral. 
Nothing  remains  of  it.     Sword's  House, 
where  Burgoyne  encamped  before  the 
first  battle,  was  two  miles  farther  up  the 

river. 

From  Wilbur's  Basin  drive  two  miles 
south,  along  the  river  road,  to  where  the 
old  Bemis  tavern  stood,  which  is  also 
demolished.  Notice  on  the  way  where 
the  Middle  Ravine,  or  Mill  Creek,  so  fre- 
quently referred  to,  comes  in,  and  also 
the  ravine  which  skirted  the  front  of 
American  Camp. 

At  Bemis*  Heights  turn  up  the  hill  to 


the  right.  This  drive  gives  one  an  idea 
of  the  strong  position  chosen  by  Kos- 
ciusko for  the  Americans.  Nearly  all 
the  breastworks  have  been  ploughed 
down.  In  a  field  to  the  left,  opposite  the 
road  which  turns  up  to  the  Neilson  farm, 
stands  a  single  spreading  tree,  under 
which  is  an  old  well  that  supplied  the 
house  used  by  Gates  as  headquarters.  A 
faint,  square  depression  in  the  ground 
near  it  is  the  only  indication   of  the 

house. 

The  Neilson  house  stands  on  the  high- 
est point  of  the  Heights,  and  traces  of 
entrenchments  are  visible  near  it,  extend- 
ing under  the  barn  that  stands  on  the 
same  place  as  the  old  fortified  log  bam 
of  1777.  The  back  part  of  the  Neilson 
house  is  just  as  it  was  then.  In  it  Gen- 
eral Poor  and  Coloned  Morgan  had  their 
quarters,  and  Lady  Ackland  visited  her 
wounded  husband. 

In    driving  back  toward  Burgoyne's 
Hill,  the  country  is  traversed  over  which 
the  American  troops  rushed  forth  from 
their  camp  to  the  battle  of  October  7th; 
and  near  the    roadside,   not  far    from 
Walker's  house  the  spot  is  pointed   out 
where   General   Frazer    was    wounded. 
This  is  the  road  which  passes  the  Quaker 
Meeting  House,  and  the  visitor  can  eas- 
ily find  his  way  back  to  Saratoga  Springs 
by  the    same  landmarks  which   guided 
him  thence. 
The  Round  Trip  to  Bemis'  Heights 
.  AND  SCHUYLERVILLE.     After  driving  out 
to  the  Battle  Ground  and  visiting  the 
various  spots  mentioned  above,  instead 
of  returning  to  Saratoga  Springs,  drive 
up  the  river  road  to  Schuylerville.  Along 
this  road  the  British  army  marched  to 
the  Battle  Ground  and  retreated  to  the 


i/ri  |1  lilu'lliiilill' I'll  i*" '''"•*-' 


GUIDE  TO  THE  BATTLE  GROUND 


99 


ne  an  idea 
by  Kos- 
Nearly  all 
ploughed 
posite  che 
ilson  farm, 
ree,  under 
pplied  the 
uarters.  A 
he  ground 
ion   of  the 

on  the  high- 
d  traces  of 
ir  it,  extend- 
nds  on  the 
;d  log  bam 
the  Neilson 
In  it  Gen- 
an  had  their 
I  visited  her 

Burgoyne's 
d  over  which 
i  forth  from 
October  7  th; 
ot  far  from 
pointed  out 
IS  wounded. 
s  the  Quaker 
itor  can  eas- 
itoga  Springs 
rhich  guided 

mis'  Heights 
;r  driving  out 

visiting  the 
bove,  instead 
iprings,  drive 
rville.  Along 

marched  to 
reated  to  the 


Place  of  Surrender,  halting  each  time  at 
Dovegat  or  Coveville.  Spend  the  night 
at  the  Goldsmith  House  in  Schuylerville, 
and  return  to  Saratoga  Springs  the  next 
day,  visiting  in  the  meantime  all  the  his- 
toric spots  at  Old  Saratoga.  Omnibuses 
may  be  chartered  for  this  trip. 

Guide  to  Schuylerville.  (Twelve 
miles  east.)  The  regular  stage  road  to 
Schuylerville  leaves  Broadway,  Saratoga 
Springs,  at  Lake  avenue,  passes  Free- 
man's Hotel  without  turning,  and  con- 
tinues along  the  north  side  of  Fish 
Creek  to  Grangerville.  Here  it  crosses 
a  bridge  and  turns  south,  passes  a  cross 
road,  turns  to  the  left,  crosses  the  creek 
again  and  then  goes  direct  through  Vic- 
tory to  Schuylerville.  Fish  Creek  may 
be  crossed  either  at  Stafford's  or  Bryan's 
Bridge,  and  the  drive  continued  along 
the  south  side  of  the  creek  through  a 
fine  farming  region  to  Schuylerville. 
(See  Map  of  Drives.)  The  principal 
thoroughfare  in  this  village  is  Broad 
street,  running  parallel  with  the  river. 
An  old  Elm  is  shown,  between  which 
and  Fort  Hardy  the  British  laid  down 
their  arms.  The  site  of  Fort  Hardy  is 
on  the  plain  near  the  canal  basin,  reach- 
ed from  Perry  street.  Drive  out  Broad 
street  to  the  Fishkill.  The  old  ford  across 
the  creek  is  said  to  have  been  at  the  first 
bend  below  the  modern  bridge.  The 
Schuyler  mansion,  now  Col.  Stover's,  is 
seen  to  the  left  after  crossing  the  creek. 
A  few  rods  beyond  is  the  site  of  the  old 
mansion  burnt  by  Burgoyne.  A  gravel 
hill  to  the  right  is  where  Lovelace,  the 
Tory,  was  executed.  A  little  beyond 
this  is  the  spot  where  Gates  and  Bur- 
goyne met  for  the  first  time.  About 
where  the  road  to  Victory  leaves  the  river 


road  stood  the  old  Dutch  Church.  A 
few  rods  further  on  is  the  bluff 
upon  which  it  is  probable  that 
Gates'  marquee  stood,  in  front  of 
which  Burgoyne  surrendered  his  sword. 
The  house  which  was  used  as  headciuar- 
ters  by  Gates  formerly  stood  some  dis- 
tance south  of  this  bluff.  The  house  in 
which  Madam  Riedesel  remained  during 
the  cannonade  is  a  mile  north  of  the 
village.  After  leaving  this  house,  drive 
towards  the  village,  and  take  the  first 
road  to  the  right,  which  passes  the  Welch 
place,  upon  which  there  were  remains  of 
old  barracks  a  few  years  ago.  To  ob- 
tain a  fine  view  of  Burgoyne's  position 
here,  follow  this  road  to  the  summit  of 
the  Heights,  and  then  turn  to  the  left, 
driving  to  Victory  along  the  ridge  of  the 
Heights,  upon  which  the  British  Camp 
was  posted  until  the  time  of  the  sur- 
render. The  Germans,  under  Riedesel 
and  Hanau,  were  encamped  to  the  north; 
the  British  regulars  extended  beyond  the 
new  cemetery  to  a  strongly  fortified  hill 
just  back  of  Victory,  which  formed  the 
south-western  part  of  the  camp,  and  the 
Canadians  were  stationed  at  the  western 
outposts;  while  Morgan's  corps,  under 
cover  of  the  woods,  hemmed  them  in  to 
the  north-west.  (See  Map  of  Third  Pe- 
riod of   Burgoyne's  Campaign.) 

A  monument,  located  on  the  summit 
of  these  Heights,  would  have  an  impos- 
ing appearance,  and  would  be  discern- 
ible at  a  great  distance  from  many  di- 
rections. 

Bennington.  The  Battle  Ground  of 
Bennington  can  be  reached  from  Schuy- 
lerville by  a  drive  of  five  miles  through 
a  beautiful  region  to  Greenwich  or  Union 
Village,  and  thence  by  rail  to  Bennington. 


L«rc. 


vti 


.,4y!.jjjI|j>J^lj,'iu"*Pt'X    ''•'^'""'•''^*'*'"  ^^'•**^*— "•^°-'-*' 


^'ar.  i'Tyr^''^3<^IByi8^-. . 


KEY  TO  THE  MAP  OF  THE  THIRD  PERIOD  OF  BURGOYNE'S 

CAMPAIGN,  1777 


The  March.  The  military  move- 
ments may  be  easily  followed  on  this 
map  by  starting  with  the  line  of  march 
of  Burgoyne's  army  where  it  crosses  the 
Hudson  river  on  the  bridge  of  boats, 
above  the  Batten  Kill;  follow  to  the  first 
encampment  at  Saratoga,  the  second  at 
Coveville,  the  third  at  Swords  House. 
From  this  place  began  the  mar(  h  to  at- 
tack the  American  camp  posted  on 
Bemis'  Heights,  and  which  resulted  in 
the  battle  of  September  19th.  The 
march  is  in  three  columns,  indicated  by 
three  colored  lines;  follow  two  of  these 
columns  to  Freeman's  Farm. 

Battle  OF  September  19TH.  Leave 
the  large  map  and  trace  the  battle  in  the 
smaller  division  marked  Battle  of  Sep- 
tember 19th.  In  the  first  position  it  will 
be  seen  that  Riedesel's  corps  (green)  has 
not  yet  reached  the  field;  the  Canadians 
are  in  advance,  pushed  by  the  Ameri- 
cans (yellow);  the  British  columns  are 
breaking  up  to  form  in  line  of  battle. 

In  the  second  position  Canadians 
are  driven  back,  British  regulars  (red) 
are  in  action,  the  light  artillery  are  on 
Burgoyne's  hill  (marked  Breyman's 
camp). 

In  the  third  position  may  be  seen  the 
onset  of  the  Americans ;  Riedesel 
comes  into  action;  British  and  Hessian 
grenadiers  are  drawing  up  in  lines,  Amer- 
icans are  resisting  this. 

In  the  fourth  position  the  British  lines 
are  unbroken,  the  Americans  are  pushed 
towards  their  entrenchments. 


The  Camps.  Refer  again  to  the  large 
map  and  find  the  British  camp  estab- 
lished on  the  field  of  September  19th; 
Freeman's  Farm  and  Burgoyne's  Hill 
(marked  Breyman's  camp)  being  within 
the  entrenchments,  which  extend  to  the 
river,  where  the  hills  are  fortified  with 
redoubts,  and  the  hospital,  artillery 
stores  and  batteaux  are  covered  by  a 
strong  battery,  near  which  is  the  bridge 
of  boats. 

The  defences  of  the  American  and 
British  camps,  which  lay  within  two  miles 
of  each  other  from  September  19th  to 
October  7th  are  readily  traced  by  follow- 
ing the  course  of  the  streams  in  the 
front  and  rear  of  the  camps;  these  in- 
dicate ravines  that  deepen  toward  the 
river.  ' 

Battle  of  October  7TH.  In  trac- 
ing this  action  observe  the  British  and 
Hessians  drawn  up  in  line  of  battle 
southwest  of  their  camp,  with  Frazer's 
light  infantry  on  the  right,  the  Hessians 
in  the  centre  and  the  British  grenadiers 
on  the  left.  The  Americans  are  seen 
pouring  from  their  camp  in  three  main 
columns.  Next  observe  Frazer's  second 
position  to  cover  the  retreat  into  the  en- 
trenchments; this  position  he  never  fully 
obtained,  being  wounded,  and  his  troops 
thrown  in  confusion  in  the  act  of  taking 
it.  Balcarras'  camp  was  next  stormed; 
Williams'  artiller-.-  having  been  captured, 
and  the  grenadiers  being  driven  within 
the  works,  along  which  the  battle  raged, 
Breyman's  camp,  the   final  point  of  at- 


102 


KEY  TO  THE  MAP 


tack,  was  captured;  this  being,  as  is  read- 
ily seen,  the  keystone  of  Burgoye's  en- 
camped position. 

Position  on  the  Morning  of  Oc- 
tober 8th.  Refer  to  the  small  map 
marked  "Position  on  the  Morning  of 
October  8th."  The  British  will  be  found 
crowded  down  by  the  river  near  the  hos- 
pital and  batteaux,  the  Americans  close 
upon  them.  While  in  this  position  the 
funeral  of  Frazer  took  place  on  the  great 

redoubt. 

The  Retreat.  This  will  be  traced 
along  the  river  road  to  Coveville,  where 
a  halt  was  made;  thence  to  Saratoga  and 
across  the  Fish  Kill. 

Camp  on  the  Heights  of  Sarato- 
ga.    It  will  be  seen  at  this  point  that 


the  British  were  strongly  posted;  the 
Americans  will  be  found  surrounding 
them  on  every  side. 

The  Surrender.  The  place  where 
the  British  stacked  their  arms  is  indicat- 
ed on  the  plain  near  Fort  Hardy  ;  the 
spot  where  Burgoyne  surrendered  his 
sword  to  Gates  is  a  short  distance  below 
the  church,  which  is  south  of  the  Fish 
Kill,  on  the  river  road. 

Opposite  the  Batten  Kill  two  houses 
are  indicated  by  dark  spots  on  the  map, 
on  each  side  of  the  road  to  Fort  Miller; 
the  most  northerly  is  the  one  in  which 
the  Baroness  Reidesel  took  refuge.  It 
was  commanded  by  the  guns  seen  on  the 
hills  north  of  the  Batten  Kill,  from  which 
shot  was  thrown  into  the  houses.    "  -= 


isted;    the 
irrounding 

lace  where 
is  indicat- 
lardy  ;  the 
udered  his 
ance  below 
jf  the  Fish 


two  houses 
3n  the  map, 
i"ort  Miller; 
,e  in  which 
refuge.  It 
seen  on  the 
,  from  which 
ises.    ' 


-^-'^•-      I     a- 


If 

3  ^ 


L 


O 


s 


:' l_ij. 


! 


•J 


,* 


j._ 


"--A..,. 


'""^/V.^.. 


/» 


■VV//„ri 


J 


I  i 


t    .: 


ADVERTISEMENTS 


(DAILY  AND  WBEKLI.) 

The  only  Regular  and  Permanent  Daily  Newspaper 
published  in  Saratoga  Springs. 

Contains  all  the  Social  and  General  News,  Full  Reports  of  Arrivals,  Sched- 
ules of  the  Arrival  and  Departure  of  Trains,  with  River  and  Lake  Connections, 
Directory  of  the  Place,  Advertisements  of  the  principal  Mineral  Springs,  with 
descriptions,  analysis,  etc.;  also.  Telegraphic  Dispatches  and  Stock  Reports. 

Published  every  morning.  Orders  received  for  Subscriptions  and  Adver- 
tisinR  at  the  Saratogiak  Counting  Room,  in  the  Arcade,  opposite  the  United 
States  Hotel,  Broadway. 

PAUL    &    RITCHIE, 

Publishers  and  Proprietors. 


■    CONKLING  &  McOMBER. 

Real  Estate  Agents, 

Nos.  7  and  8  Marvin  House  Block, 

(Directly  opposite  U.  S.  Hotel  Office.) 

Particular  Attention  given  to  Ben^  and  Leasing  Cottages  for  the  Season. 


■    J.    H.    FARRINGTOH, 

DEALER  IN 

446    BROADWAY, 

SARATOGA  SPRINGS,  N.  Y. 


t? 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


ADELPHI   HOTEL, 

SARATOGA  SPRINGS,      '     . 

WILL  OPEN  JUNE  20th,  1877. 

Lopated  moat  centrally  on  Broadway,  hot.  the  United  States  &  Grand  Union  Hotels. 


This  Untcl  is  entirely  New  aiul  Modern  in  all  it*  AppoiulmenU  and  Kurnilure,  with  rooms  en  tmU,  Bath 
Rooms  imJ  Closets,  and  Hot  and  Cold  Water  in  Sleeping  Roonw. 

BOARD,  $3.50  PER  DAY, 

OR, 

BY  THE  WEEK,  FROM  $17.50  TO  $24.50. 


Will  l.e  kept  open  all  the  year  by  William  H.  McCaffrey,  formerly  of  the  American  Hotel,  and  W.  R. 
Johnson,  formerly  of  the  Congress  Spring. 


HISTORICAL    SKETCHES 

OF 

Northern  New  York 

AND   THE 

Adirondack  Wilderness, 

INCLUDING 

Traditions  of  the  Indlaw,  Early  Bxplorem,  Pioneer  Settlers,  Hermit  Hunters,  &o. 
By  NATHANIEL  BABTLETT  STLVESTEB. 

8vo.,  pp.  3X6,  Price,  $8.00.    Sent  by  IfaU,  postage  prepaid,  on  receipt  of  price. 
Address,  WM.    H.    YOUNG,    Publisher, 

XROY,    N.    Y. 


.877. 

ad  Union  Hotels. 

Ii  roomH  en  iMi'U,  Bath 


$24.50. 


Hotel,  and  Wi  R> 


erness, 


lit  Hunteri,  &o. 


weipt  of  price. 

iISHER, 
TROY,    N.    Y. 


AnVRRTISEMKNTS 


j.\MFJ  H.  Wright, 

Merchant   Tailor 


AND  IitALRR  IN 


Gents'  Furniahing  Goods, 
361  BB0ADWA7, 

ESTABLISHED  18SS. 


MILLER    &    80N8, 

DK.\t.fiRS  IN 

WINES,  TEAS, 

ENGLISH  ALES, 

Imported  Cigars, 

STAPLE  &  FANCY  GBOOEBIES, 
372  Broadway, 

SARATOq-A    SPRINGS,   N.   Y. 

Uniteii  States  Hotel  lifer)  Company 

(FORMEELY  DEXTEB  fl/, 

Have  the  most  extensive  and  stylish  stock  of 

Landaus,  Barouohes,   Phaetons,    Surry 
'    Wagons  and  other  Vehicles, 

WITH 

H0R8IS  FOR  EiTHIR  MDBLI  OR  SIN6LI  TURNOUTS. 

which  they  are  prepared 

TO  LET 

upon  the  most  favorable  terms.     They  have  also  nmple 
room  for 

BOARDING  HORSES, 

with  good  accommodations  for  Carriages,  Harness,  &c. 


LAKE  SARATOGA 

Steamboat  &  Omnibus  Line. 

Oinnil.usri  .if  llii-*  liiir  li.iv  llni.iilwjy  .it 

e.l5*  lO.lB  A.M.,  and  8.18*8.16  P.M., 

for  the  I  Jike,  cnnneilintt  with  Steamer*  (sec  nilvcrtl«.n«nt 
in  /'«//»  Saratafum)  f'lr  White  Sulphur  Spriiin  I'urk. 
Also  caflinn  at  i)tli>!r  principal  |«iiiitii  .umI  huuluiK-  "»  l.->k«. 

FARE  FOR  THE  ROUND  TRIP, 

including    Ticket   on  Steamers  and   return  Ki  town,  only 

mi. 

Omnibuset  of  this  line  can  be  chartered  at  all 
hours  for  any  place. 

ESPECIAI,  ATTENTION  WH.I.  HE  dlVEN  TO 
PARTIES  WISHINO  TO 

VISIT  THE  BATTLE-FIELD 

8ITI  or  immn  surrender. 

A  COMPETENT  GUIDE    WIUU  ATTEND. 
Apply  to  Conductors  on  Omnibuses,  or  tci 

R.  B.  SOARRITT,  Supt. 


We  would  be  pleated  to  have  Vleltort  call  and 
examine  our  ettabliehntent. 


J.  a  FARRINGTON, 
H.  LEAKE, 

F.LEAKE,  Manager.  PROPRIETORS. 


DRS.  STRONG'S 

Hemedial  Institute, 

SARATOGA  SPRINGS,  N.  Y., 

IS  OPEN  AIL  THE  YEAR,  kUO  IS  ALI'J  A  SUMMER 
RESORT  DURINO  THE  VISITINi  SEASON. 

The  building  is  heated  by  steam,  so  that  in  the  coolest 
weather  the  air  of  the  house  is  like  that  of  inidsummer. 
The  proprietors,  Drs.  S.  S.  &  S.  E.  STRONG  are 
Graduates  of  the  Medical  Department  of  the  New  York 
Uiiiversity,  and  are  largely  patronized  by  the  medical 
profession.  In  addition  to  the  ordinary  remedial  agencies 
usee  inircneral  practice,  they  emply  the  EUUALl^tK, 
or  VAcflUM  T^EATMEfJT,  ELfeCTRO-^HERMAL 
BATHS  SUU'HUR  AIR  BATHS,  RUSSIAN 
baths;  TURKISH  BATHS,  HYDROPATHY, 
MOVEMENT  CURE,  OXYOfeN  GAS.  COM- 
PRESSED AND  RARIFIED  AIR,  GYMliASTICS, 
HEALTH-UFT,  F.VRADAIC  AND  GALVANIC 
ELECTRICITY,  LARYNGOSCOPE,  &c.,  for  the 
treatment  of  Nervous,  Luiijr,  Fematt  and  Lhronii:  Dis- 

ReVei'VNCBS.— Bishop  M.  "impson,  D.D.,  LLJJ. :  Rev. 
T  L  Cu>Ier,  D.D. :  D.  K.  Pierce,  D.D.,  &c. ;  Chauncey 
N'.  Olds,  LL.D.  i  Robert  Carter,  Esq.    ,  ,      „.      , 

For  particulars  of  the  Institution,  send  for  Circulars  on 
Lung,  Nervous,  Female  ^nd  Chronic  Diseases,  and  on  our 
appliances.  Address, 

BBS.  S.  S.  k  S   E.  STBONQ, 

Remedial  Institute, 

SASATOQA  SFBINOS,  N.  T. 


.s 


O 


•  .  • 


«  • 


•  •  • 


i 


m 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


BAKER  &  REOORD'S 
Ground   Floor   Gallery, 

463  BROABWAY,  SARATOCA  SPRINGS,  N.  T. 

We  make  Photographs  from  Miniature  to  Life  Size,  and 
Finish  them  in  Crayon,  Oil,  Water  Colors  or  India  Ink. 

Our  superior  facilities  enable  us  to  produce  very  Fink 
Pictures  from  old  Daguerreotypes,  Ambrotypi*  &c. 

We  also  make  those  beautiful  POEOELAIH  PIOTDBES 
and  ALBATTPES. 

STEEBO80OPI0  VIEWS  of  ever>r  point  of  interest  in 
Saratoga  can  be  had  wholesale  or  retail. 

A  large  stock  of  Frames  constantly  on  hand  at  reasona- 
ble prices. 


) 


No.  400  Broadwar, 


SABATOaA  sFBinas, 

Nearly  Opposite  the  UNitKD  States  Motel, 


PETER  THOMPSON, 

Manufacturer  of  and 

Dealer  in  Harness, 

CENTS'  TRAVELING  BAGS  AND  SATCHILS, 

WHIPS, 

No,  430  Broadway, 

SARATOGA    SPRINGS,    U.    Y. 

Large  Stock  constantly  on  hand.   All  Unda  of  Eepairing 
will  reoeiye  Prompt  Attention, 


SARMOGAeS^APERIENTI 


THE  enviable  reputation  that  the  Mineral  Waters  of 
Saratoga  have  enjoyed  since  their  yaluable  Fheni- 
peutic  properties  were  made  known,  has  led  many  to  ex- 
press themselves  in  favor  of  a  portable  Substitute  m  Pow- 
dered Form,  and,  in  order  to  supply  the  popular  demand 
for  such  a  preparation, 

FISH'S  SA.BATOGA  APEEIENT 

■  is  offered.  It  may  be  employed  in  all  cases  where  the  use 
of  natural  Mineral  Waters  is  indicatiid,  and  is  particularly 
desirable  for  Tourists  and  Travelers  by  land  and  sea. 
Persons  of  Seiieniary  fiaiits,  Dys^eftus,  »nd  those  sut- 
fering  from  Constipation,  will  find  its  use  productive  of 
permanent  benefit. 

Sold  by  Druggists  at  50c.  and  $1. 


A  full  line  of 

Pure  Drugs  and  Medicines, 

TOILET  ANB  FANCY  ARTICLES, 

PERFUMERY,  &c., 

ALWAYS  IN  STOCK. 

A  choice  assortment  of 

Pure  Wines  and  Liquors, 

For  Medicinal  Uses,  with 

aENUIlTE  IMPOBTED  CIGAHS 

ALWAYS  ON  HAND. 

PRESCRIPTIONS  COMPOUNDED 

(t«rf  Midicines  furnished  at,  any  hour   0/  the   day 
or  night. 

HOHE  BUT  00MPBTE1?T  ASSISTAUTS  EMPLOYED. 


Prepared  only  by 

GEO.  H.  FISH  &  SON, 
PharmaceutiBts,  Saratoga  Springs, 

A  more  extended  notice  in  circular  form  will  be  mailed 
on  application. 


N.T. 


To  A.diroiicla<sl£  Wportsmen- 

AMD  PLEASURE'SEEKERS. 

Persons  who  visit  the  Northern  Lakes  for  Fishing  or 
Hunting  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  procure  Fishing 
Tackle,  Guns,  Pistols  or  Ammunition  before  leaving  Sara- 
toga  Springs.    A.yg^e^agortme^t  a^d^ow^rice^at 

404  &  406  Broadway,  Saratoga  Sprinya,  H,  Y. 


MERVIN  ADAMS, 

First-Class  Livery 

TO  BB  FOUND  AT 

OONGEESS  HALL,  or  No.  86  HENRY  ST. 
SARATOGA  SPRINGS. 


W.  H.  HAYNE8  &  CO., 

DBALBRS  m  FINE  AND   MEDIUM 

Black  Walnut  Furnitube, 

No.  426  BROABWAY,  SARATOUA  SHRING8,  S.  Y. 

Repairing  and  Upholstering  neatly  and  promptly  done. 

W.  H.   HAVNKS.  _     W-    "•    ""'-'" 


SMITH  BROTHERS, 

DEALERS  IN 

Dry    Goods,    Hosier/,     Gloves,    Notions,    &c., 
no  418  bboaoway,  saratoga  springs. 


) 

adwar, 

iiNas, 

KD  States  IIotei., 
f 

Medicines, 

ARTICLES, 

RY,  &c., 

ITOCK. 

d  Liquors, 

es,  with 

TED  CiaAHS 

[AND. 

IMPOUNDED 

tny  hour   of  the   day 

BTANTS  EMPLOYED. 
SEEKERS. 

n  Lakes  for  Fishing  or 
itage  to  procure  Fishing 
;ioii  before  leaving  Sara- 
;  and  low  prices  aS 

.  COOKE'S, 

ratoga  Bprinys,  H.  Y, 

DAMS,      . 

5  Livery 

I  AT 

0.  86  HENEY  ST. 
PRINQS. 

BS  &  CO., 

4D   MEDIUM 

FURNITUBE, 

m  BHB1N68,  S.  T. 

Uly  and  promptly  done. 

W.    H.    HULL. 


ONS,      &C., 


AOVERTISEMKNTS 


AN    OLD    WORLD 


AS    SKKN 


Or  Travels  around  the  World. 


>BT 


Miss   ELLEN    H.   WALWORTH. 


One  Volume,  Grown  8yo.,  with  76  Illustrations,  Oloth  Extra.      Price,  $2. 

D.    APPLETON    &   CO.,    Publishers, 

•  S49  &  551  Broadway,  Netv  York. 


"  De  Quincy  used  to  say  that  the  bfcst  models  of  English  style  were  to  be  found  in  the  domestic  correspondence 
of  well-bred  women,  and  it  is  certain  that  we  seldom  meet  among  the  products  of  the  American  press  with  a  more 
crisp,  vivacious,  and  li:oroughly  unconventional  diction  than  that  presented  in  the  letters  here  thrown  together  in 
book  form."— A'?™  York  Sun.  ^ 

"With  hardly  a  trace  of  the  school  gir!  style  she  has  given  a  freshness  and  novelty  to  her  subject  which,  with- 
out undue  indulgence,  may  be  pronounced  charming."— io«»n<iV/*  Courier-Journal. 

"  Governor  Seward  made  the  tour  of  the  world  after  his  retirement  from  public  life,  and  his  narrative  thereof 
is  one  oFthe  most  entertaining  stories  of  travel  in  print.  This  narrative  by  a  truant  school  girl  is  scarcely  less  so. 
The  one  gives  the  impression  made  on  the  mind  of  the  wary  and  experienced  statesman,  and  the  other  those  Tiade 
on  the  mind  of  an  impressionable  and  singularly  brilliant  girl  of  ioxxntm."— Chicago  Saturday  Evenin- sierald. 

"  One  of  the  daintiest  books  of  travel  that  has  appeared  for  a  long  time  ;s  "An  Old  World  seen  thrcjgh  Young 
^ytt.— The  Fhiladel/ihia  Press. 

"  The  secret  of  her  art  is  that  there  is  no  art  about  it.  She  was  not  writing  for  the  public,  but  to  tell  the  truth 
andplease  herself."— iv. /.»««>/?«//>'  Times. 

"  Miss  Walworth  is  a  traveler  who  possesses  the  rare  faculty  of  seeing  things  that  are  worthy  of  being  seen, 
and  the  still  rarer  faculty  of  closing  her  mind  if  not  her  eyes  to  things  indifferent."— .4  «<»<«y  Morning  Express. 

"  They  evince  the  possession  not  only  of  literary  faculty  in  an  uncommon  degree,  but  unusual  powers  of  obser- 
vation and  rare  command  of  language.  But  perhaps  their  principal  charm  lies  in  that  delightful  nalveti  close  akin  to 
humor  \Yhich  characterizes  them." — The  Daily  Saratogian. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


"JSaPPWe"- 


EXCELSIOR 


AND 


VV  •ij!*'*^- 


It 


UNION"  SPRINGS 


«j'«  -       lal     1'      mm 


I  are  situated  in  a  beautiful  v«lley  amid  p.c- 

■         A.  E.  LAWBENOE  &  CO., 

mOHRlETOBS   !»K 

,  "  ExoelBlor  "  and  "  Union  "  Springs. 

I  Beautiful  Villa  Sites  for  Sale  at  Excelsior  Park 


High  Rock  Spring. 


1         ,„^  nn  exoense  spared    in  re-tubitiK  and 
,.»S  S^c^Xr^l-  -•"->'  -.on„.nown  mineral 

-^::Sr;e.as.eenuU.^oto.V.-^-^^^^^ 

waters,  but  also  to  preserve  and  «""";«  ^/^^^  proprietors  are  now  able  to 
this  spring  is  so  pre-emmenayceUbntted-^  .^  ^^^ 

supply  their  customers  with  the  *««'  =""^P       ,;     „,  ■      ^i,,,  „ponUs  merits, 
andassuch  they  confidently  offer  «'  »°  '^^  f^*^^^^^^^^^       bottles,  carefully  packed 

The  High  Rock  water  is  put  up  in  rini  a""  w^ 
for  shipment  to  any  part  of  the  world. 

The  water  U  sold  by  all  the  principal 
throughout  the  United  States  and  Canada. 


hotels,    grocers    and    druggists 


To  prevent  imposition,  ALL  CORKS 
will  be  branded  thus,  ^" 
without  which  no  water  is  genuine  High 
Rock  SprinK  Water. 


SFRtHQ. 
C.  &  W. 


?-t 


WM.  Q-FAROO,  Pre«ident. 
HENRY  SMITH,  Superintendent. 

Address  all  orders  and  communications  to  the  Superintendent,  at  Saratoga  Springs,  N.  V. 


J.  McB.  DAVIDSON,  Sec.  ft  Treas. 


ih.p«i  ,-A--  •?!;■'  ■■ijV.  mo3 Vr  S"  .h«  " t..r fa.  t^v'XSi  UZg"  ."..t  w  ..,»a  «■ .«" 


-Vti^  „.  .1..  .«.,..  iim»  it  corrects  all  acias. 


'^^^^^Z^J^^^^'^^^^ 


k 


DR" 
RINGS 

ley  amid  pic- 
le  East  of  the 
er  of  KXOEL- 
zs. 

i  to  enter  our 
;  our  peculiar 
Apparatus  by 
seathrougtioul 
g,  in  lie  same 
nveit  from  the 

RQIHGWITH 
IS  ft  00., 


[nlon"  Bpfring*. 

,t  Excelsior  Park 


G. 


n  re-tubing  and 
y  Icnown  mineral 

impure  and  fresh 
id  gas,  for  which 
s  are  now  able  to 
r  in  the  country, 
y  upon  .its  merits. 
,  carefully  packed 

rs    and    druggists. 


PRfitQ. 

;.  &  w. 


^Opj 


?t 


ient. 
ntendent. 


village. 

as  >767  Sir  William 
Tie  from  the  dome- 
he  most  remarkable 
volcano. 

■s,  has  stood  the^tcst 
leumatism,  Scrofula, 

and  indeed  it  purifies 

lies  of  it  than  of  any 
cnown  to  follow  any 


ADVERTISEMENTS 


S  GOLDSMITH  HOUSE, 

]         SCHU7LEBVILLE, 

Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y. 
Twelve  Miles  from  Saratoga. 

AiUac4tnt  to  one  of  the  hent  Mine- 
ral Sprites  on   the   Continent. 
Already  wtted  for  n»  ureal 
Wedtetnal  t'Irtneii. 

RATES 

For  Board  and  Furnished  Rooms : 

Prom  $9.00  to  $14.00  per  Week ; 

Or,  S2.00  per  Day. 

A  LiiiKRAL  Discount  kor  Ciiii.drkn, 

For    further    particulars,    address    the 
Proprietor, 

L.    GOLDSMITH. 


USE 


A  Perfect  Substitute,  in  Powdered  Form,  for  the  Natural 
Mineral  Waters  of  Saratoga. 


COMPACT,    PORTABLE  AND   ECONOMICAL. 


SOLD    BY    DRUGGISTS. 


■-^<*^ 


AUG  15  1900 


ADVERTISEMENTS 


THE 


PARR  HOTEL. 

WHITE  SULPHUR  SPRING, 

located  at  the  south  end  of  the  Lake,  is  reached  by  a  fine  carriage 
roTd  along  the  borders  of  the  Lake,  and  by  omnibus  from  Saratoga  to 
the  Lake,  thence  by  steamer  through  the  Lake. 

PABE  PEOM  SARATOGA  AND  MTUSN,  $L0O. 

This  Hotel  can  also  be  reached  by  the  way  of  Ballston  Spa.  Par- 
ties c^^g  a  the  American  Hotel,  near  the  Depot,  will  be  forwarded 
Tcarrirg^^^^^^^  a  delightful  country,  distance  6  miles.    Connected 

with  this  Hotel  is 

A  PARK  OF  160  ACRES, 

laid  out  in  walks,  &c.      There  are  commodious  bathing  houses  con- 

„  cted  Uth  the  White  Sulphur  Spring,  which  has  a  long  and  well 
neciea  wim  t  ^^^  ^^^  ^^^ 

established  reputation;  price  of  baths.  25  cents,     in 
the  premises,  but  refreshments,  wines  and  liquors  will  ^e  -rved  - 
heretofore  on  the  piazzas  and  other  appropriate  places.    The  Law  will 
be  observed  in  regard  to  Sunday  liquor  selling. 

It  is  the  intention  of  the  Managers  to  keep  the  house  more  for  the 
interests  of  boarders  than  as  a  road  house. 

PRICE   OF    BOARD,   FROM    $10   TO   $1S, 

ACCOUMKG   TO   LOCATION   OF  HOOM. 

For  further  particulars,  address  , 

JAMES  B.  MARVIN, 


e  carriage 
iratoga  to 


Spa.  Par- 
forwarded 
Connected 


louses  con- 
r  and  well 
no  bar  on 
;  served  as 
lie  Law  will 

nore  for  the 
$1B> 


IN, 


THTT, 


CONGRESS -EMPIRI'. 


kT/  ' 


SPR1N( 

ARE    HIE    UKST    Ol'    Ml.     HI' 


WATIU^S  OF  SARATOGA 


SANA 
CONSI 


1()(.A 
II'AII' 


CONGRESS    SPRING     PAVILION. 

EKECTEl),     1876. 


WATKUS    lOK    niK   I  SE   Ol'    PERSONS   OF 

1)  iiAP.rr. 

■n,cv  ;ut  uiniiiptly  a.ul  pU-asantly,  will.out 
,n,.lunnn  .i.lMlily.  a.i.l  thfi.  effect  is  n..t  Nveak- 
cne.l  l.v  coiitiiuie.l  u,e,  as  is  the  cast^  will.  <.nli-  ^ 
„a.v  .alliarlio.  Al  llie  same  time  tl.cy  arc  not 
/,.,.\all.a.lie-,»  htull  r,'///;  some  oj  ouv  wosi 
,h;,<li,  mni.r.d  ,v,//,/-,>— l.tit  sult.eiently  so  for 
,laily  healthful  use,  and  not  strong  enouKh  I" 
piodiiee  leaelioii. 

■n,ci.  eo.itimie.l  Use  keeps  the  l.lood  in  a 
xeiv  pure  and  healthful  eondition.  produemn  a 
dear  florid  cmplcNion.  'Il.ey  preserve  the 
tone  of  the  stomaeh,  an<l  are  powerful  prevent- 
ives of  fever  and  l.ilious  eoniplaiiils. 

THE  COLUMBIAN  SPIIIN&  WATER 

1,  univeisaliv  aeknow  ledj;ed  to  be  the  l.esl 
Cluihh.uUc  /;'■,</./•  known.  Where  the  blood 
re.iuires  Iron,  this  water  supplie-,  it  m  the  best 
possible  form  for  use.  The  assimilation  is  per- 
fect ./  ,!,"■"'"  "/"  '■'""  '»  ''"^  ^^'^''■■''  '■'•  '"  ""■■ 
opinion  of' a  celebrated  physician,  "mo,;- fol.nl 
limn  twnty  gnyns  ,x/iil>iU,l  noonliiiK  lo  H" 
/'linrnunopo  ill."  . 

Ihese  waters,  Wwv^pnn/y  nntur,,/,  are  hij;li- 
Iv  recommeiuled,  and  very  lie<iuently  prescribed 
r.y  the  best  medical  aulhoiitie,,  many  'if  whom, 
however,  have  expressed  their  coM.lemnalion  in 
slront;   terms   of  the   use   of   .vliji.uil  mineral 

Every  j^enuine  bottle  of  (-'onjiics^  Water  has 
a  lart;e  "  ('"  raised  on  the  k'"^"- 
i;„-  s„l>-  h„  ihiimilif  "'"'  """■'»  tl>>""»l"><» 
llif  Cotnitry. 
None  Genuine  Sold  on  Draught. 
Orders  by  mail  will  receive  prompt  attenlioii. 
Empties  taUeii  back  and  allowed   for  at  liberal 
price>.      .Vihhess, 

C0N&RES3  AND  EMPIEE  SPEINO  CO., 

SARATOGA  SPRINGS,   N    Y. 

i#-  In  coiuiuction  will.  11  recent  analysis  of  Congress 
wTuer,  Prof.  Chandler  says:  .  "As  a  Cathartu  water 
iis  almost  eniire  freedom  from  iron  should  recommend  1 
above  all  others,  many  of  which  con.au.  so  mnch^of  this 
ingredient  as  to  seriously  impair  iheir  usefulness. 


mat  Messrs.  AVKEU,  MKliUALL  a  C02Vi>i2',  i:i'4  i'l,<...l.rs  Sfr.t,  JOHN 
GELS10N,4  1Uoa„  Street,  JOHN  MATTHEWS,  '4iltU  Street  anU  1st  Are^rne, 
^AlUi  a  TUAiyiU>,'Ztst  street  anU  nroa.nro„,a,ut  oti.er  .teaters,  i.  Neu>  y<.U, 
aeliver  our  Waters  in  Ne.r  York  an,l  lUooLi,,..,  a.ut  reeeire  e.npties,  as  a.  have 
heretofore  done,  and  at  oar  priees.  ,..»,^  ^,i 

coyGUESi  a^  emfibe  spkino  co. 


ifNfiYkf)  0IIH0  So 


N 


i 


^    ^N  \V 


«.< 


^v 


SARATOaAvv 


^s 


1   N.   S, 


This  Magnificent  Hotel  is  Built  of  Brick  and  Stone. 


In  addition  to  its  numerous  and  commodious  Sleeping  Rooms,  it  contains  a 

large  number  of 

SUITES    OF    PARLORS  "  ,•;         ; 

with  communicating  bed  rooms,  furnished  with  running  water ;  also  bath  rooms 
and  all  desirable  appurtenances.  There  are  two  elevators.  Besides  its  broad 
and  spacious  hall  and  extensive  piazzas,  there  is  a  beautiful  undulating  lawn  of 
four  acres,  enclosed  by  the  I  louse,  laid  out  tastefully,  and  rendered  luxurious  by 
the  shade  of  numerous  trees  and  the  constant  play  of  fountains.  '*^''**'^Q'~**^ 

T0MPKIN3,  PERRY,  GAGE  &  JANVRIBT,  Proprietors. 


>.  f-'fj-mitii^i 


Stone. 


contains  a 


aath  roomis 
s  its  broad 
ing  lawn  of 
xurious  by 


'^^^^"'^^^ 


^oprietors. 


e« 


♦  « 


•  *      « 


%       l-o     o 


m'   V 


